1921 Penistone by-election

The 1921 Penistone by-election was a by-election held on 5 March 1921 for the British House of Commons constituency of Penistone in Yorkshire.

Vacancy

The seat had become vacant on the resignation of the Liberal Member of Parliament Sydney Arnold, due to ill-health. He had held the seat since its creation for the 1918 general election.

Electoral history

The result at the last General Election in 1918 was;

General election 1918: Penistone^[1] Electorate
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Sydney Arnold	7,338	39.4
C	Unionist	Phillip Gatty Smith	6,744	36.2
	Independent Labour	Frederick William Southern	4,556	24.4
Majority			594	3.2
Turnout			18,638	58.4
	Liberal hold		Swing
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Candidates

Upon the announcement of the resignation of Arnold, the local Liberals immediately adopted 47-year-old William Pringle as their candidate to defend the seat. Pringle was the member for Lanarkshire North West from January 1910 to 1918. In 1918 his Lanarkshire seat was abolished and he unsuccessfully contested Glasgow Springburn. He unsuccessfully sought a return to parliament at the 1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election.
The Coalition government candidate was the Liberal, Sir James Peace Hinchcliffe who had the official support of the local Unionists.
The Labour Party selected Alderman William Gillis as their candidate to challenge for the seat.

Campaign

Polling Day was set for 5 March, making it the fourth by-election to be held that week. On 25 February nominations closed to confirm that the election would be a three-way contest.

Sir James Hinchcliffe received the official endorsement of the Coalition Government.

Result

The result was a gain for the Labour Party.

**1921 Penistone by-election**^[2] Electorate
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	William Gillis	8,560	36.2	*New*
	Liberal	William Pringle	7,984	33.7	−5.7
	National Liberal	James Peace Hinchcliffe	7,123	30.1	−6.1
Majority			576	2.5	N/A
Turnout			23,667	71.7	+13.3
	Labour gain from Liberal		Swing

Aftermath

Pringle reversed the tables on Gillis at the following General Election when the Liberals re-gained the seat from the Labour party;

1922 general election^[3] Electorate
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William Pringle	8,924	35.8	−3.6
	Labour	William Gillis	8,382	33.7	N/A
	Conservative	Charles Hodgkinson	7,600	30.5	−5.7
Majority			542	2.1	−1.1
Turnout			24,906	73.1	+14.7
	Liberal hold		Swing	+1.1

References

^ British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
^ British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
^ British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig

[1] British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig

[2] British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig

[3] British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig

[1]

[2]

[3]

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1919	February: Liverpool West Derby March: Leyton West North Londonderry Oxford University Hull Central April: Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central May: East Antrim July: Swansea East Bothwell Dublin University August: Widnes September: Pontefract October: Manchester Rusholme November: Chester-le-Street Croydon South Isle of Thanet Plymouth Sutton December: St Albans Bromley Spen Valley
1920	January: Ashton-under-Lyne February: The Wrekin Paisley Horncastle March: Argyll Dartford Stockport Basingstoke Camberwell North West April: Northampton Edinburgh North Edinburgh South Sunderland June: Louth Nelson and Colne July: Ebbw Vale South Norfolk Woodbridge September: Ilford November: Hemel Hempstead The Wrekin Middleton and Prestwich December: Abertillery Rhondda West
1921	January: Hereford Dover February: Cardiganshire March: Woolwich East Dudley Birmingham Moseley Kirkcaldy Burghs Penistone Birmingham West April: Taunton Bristol West Glasgow Pollok East Dorset Bewdley Eddisbury Bedford Chichester May: Hastings Penrith and Cockermouth Abingdon Orkney and Shetland June: Belfast Duncairn Mid Armagh North Down West Down July: Mid Down Westminster St George's Heywood and Radcliffe Hertford August: Caerphilly Westminster Abbey South Londonderry September: Lewisham West Louth October: Westhoughton November: Hornsey December: Southwark South East
1922	January: Ludlow Tamworth South Londonderry February: West Down Manchester Clayton Camberwell North North Down Bodmin March: Wolverhampton West Liverpool Exchange Cambridge Inverness Chertsey Leicester East May: Clapham City of London June: North Londonderry Newbury Moray and Nairn Banbury Nottingham East July: Gower North Down Pontypridd August: Hackney South October: Newport
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