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List of perennial candidates in Canada

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A perennial candidate is a political candidate who frequently runs for public office without a reasonable chance of winning. While there is no generally accepted "number" of times a candidate must run before being considered "perennial", contemporary sources note that two or three failed candidacies, followed by another attempt, qualifies a candidate as perennial.[1][2][3]

In Canada, perennial candidates may run with the support of small or fringe political parties, may attempt to become involved with mainstream parties without the backing of that party's membership and/or leadership executive, or may run municipally, where the influence of political parties is diminished.[4]

There are few residency requirements for elected office in Canada. Candidates may run federally in any electoral district as long as they are a Canadian citizen over the age of 18 who is not disqualified based on profession (federal judges, provincial and territorial elected representatives, the Chief Electoral Officer, or Governor General), status as an incarcerated person, or after failing to submit a campaign financial return after a previous campaign.[5] There is no requirement for a candidate to reside in the electoral district where they seek election.[6] Provincial and municipal elections rules generally require a candidate reside within the jurisdiction broadly, but do not require a candidate to reside in the direct electoral district in which they seek elected office.

These lax rules allow perennial candidates to seek elected office across Canada. John Turmel, the Canadian perennial candidate who, according to Guinness World Records holds the records for the most elections contested and for the most elections lost, has sought the offices of Mayor, Member of Provincial Parliament, and Member of Parliament in 71 different jurisdictions across Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia, since 1979.[7]

List of perennial candidates in Canada

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Candidate Primary place of residence Notable Partisan Affiliation Municipal campaigns Provincial campaigns Federal campaigns Incomplete campaigns [note 1] Total
Municipality Province Total complete campaigns Overall total
Enza "Supermodel" Anderson Toronto Ontario Canadian Alliance 3 - - 1 3 4
Donald Clarke Andrews Toronto Ontario Nationalist Party of Canada 10 - - - 10 10
Michael Baldasaro Hamilton Ontario Marijuana Party of Canada 9 1 5 2 15 17
Harry Bradley Toronto Ontario Independent 27 - - - 27 27
José Breton Quebec City Quebec Independent - 5 - - 5 5
David W. Bylsma West Lincoln Ontario Christian Heritage 2 0 7 - 9 9
Douglas Campbell Toronto Ontario Ontario New Democratic Party 6 2 2 - 10 10
Kevin Clarke Toronto Ontario The Peoples Political Party 11 10 6 - 27 27
Ross Dowson Toronto Ontario League for Socialist Action 9 - 2 - 11 11
Terry Duguid Winnipeg Manitoba Liberal 3 1 6 - 10 10
Jim Enos Hamilton Ontario Christian Heritage 1 4 4 - 9 9
Paul Fromm Hamilton Ontario Canadians' Choice Party 8 2 2 - 12 12
Henri-Georges Grenier Montreal Quebec various - - 13 - 13 13
Larry Heather Calgary Alberta Christian Heritage 6 8 13 - 27 27
Ben Kerr Toronto Ontario Independent 7 - - - 7 7
Yaqoob Khan Toronto Ontario Independent 7 - 1 - 8 8
Simonne Lizotte Nicolet Quebec Independent 4 2 - - 6 6
Anne C. McBride Toronto Ontario Independent 5 - 9 - 14 14
Patricia Métivier Montreal Quebec various 7 5 8 1 24 25
Régent Millette Laval Quebec Parti démocratie chrétienne 4 15 7 1 26 27
David Popescu Sudbury Ontario Independent 7 7 6 - 20 20
Naomi Rankin Edmonton Alberta Communist - 9 10 - 19 19
Bob Smith Toronto Ontario Nationalist Party of Canada 8 1 1 - 10 10
John Turmel Brantford Ontario Pauper 14 49 45 1 108 109
Alex Tyrrell Montreal Quebec Parti Vert - 10 - 1 10 11
Don Woodstock Winnipeg Manitoba Liberal 2 3 1 6 6
Nathalie Xian Yi Yan Hamilton Ontario Independent 4 2 2 2 8 10

Perennial candidates by region

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Atlantic Canada

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Quebec

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Alex Tyrrell

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Level Election Office Party Votes Percent Place Result Notes
Provincial 2012 Member of the National Assembly for Jacques-Cartier Green Party of Quebec 1,522 4.54% 3/8 Not elected
Provincial 2013 By-election Member of the National Assembly for Outremont Green Party of Quebec 384 3.79% 4/7 Not elected
Provincial 2014 Member of the National Assembly for Notre-Dame-de-Grâce Green Party of Quebec 1,318 4.52% 5/6 Not elected
Provincial 2016 By-election Member of the National Assembly for Chicoutimi Green Party of Quebec 465 2.46% 5/6 Not elected
Provincial May 2017 By-election Member of the National Assembly for Gouin Green Party of Quebec 651 4.57% 5/13 Not elected
Provincial October 2017 By-election Member of the National Assembly for Louis-Hébert Green Party of Quebec 487 2.06% 6/10 Not elected
Provincial 2018 Member of the National Assembly for Verdun Green Party of Quebec 1,157 3.72% 5/10 Not elected
Provincial 2018 By-election Member of the National Assembly for Roberval Green Party of Quebec 80 0.52% 7/7 Not elected
Provincial 2022 By-election Member of the National Assembly for Marie-Victorin Green Party of Quebec 142 0.87% 7/12 Not elected
Federal leadership 2022 Leader of the Green Party of Canada Green Party of Canada - - - Expelled from party during leadership bid
Provincial 2022 Member of the National Assembly for Notre-Dame-de-Grâce Green Party of Quebec 956 3.73% 7/9 Not elected

Ontario

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Enza "Supermodel" Anderson

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Level Election Office Party Votes Percent Place Result Notes
Municipal 2000 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 13,595 2.25% 3/26 Not elected
Federal Leadership 2002 Leader, Canadian Alliance Canadian Alliance n/a n/a n/a Withdrew candidacy
Municipal 2003 Toronto City Councillor, Ward 27 – Toronto Centre Non-partisan municipal 3,058 15.3% 2/6 Not elected
Municipal 2010 Toronto City Councillor, Ward 27 – Toronto Centre Non-partisan municipal 1,127 4.23% 7/15 Not elected

Don Andrews

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Donald Clarke Andrews (born Vilim Zlomislić) was the leader of the Nationalist Party of Canada, a white-supremacist unregistered political party active from the 1970s to the early 2000s. Andrews best result came in 1976, when he earned 5.3% of the vote for mayor of Toronto in a race against popular incumbent David Crombie. Andrews would often only contest those elections where he would be placed at the top of the ballot by virtue of his last name's alphabetical importance.

Level Election Office Party Votes Percent Place Result Notes
Municipal 1972 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 1,960 1.02% 5/7 Not elected
Municipal 1974 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 5,662 4% 2/11 Not elected
Municipal 1976 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 7,126 5.3% 2/10 Not elected
Municipal 1988 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 5,690 4% 4/9 Not elected
Municipal 1991 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 1,968 1.01% 4/9 Not elected
Municipal 1994 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 2,839 1.74% 5/11 Not elected
Municipal 1997 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 1,985 0.26% 5/11 Not elected
Municipal 2003 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 1,220 0.18% 10/44 Not elected
Municipal 2010 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 1,032 0.13% 19/40 Not elected
Municipal 2014 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 1,012 0.1% 7/65 Not elected

Michael Baldasaro

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Level Election Office Party Votes Percent Place Result Notes
Federal 1984 Member of Parliament, Hamilton West Libertarian 300 0.73% 4/6 Not elected
Municipal 1988 Hamilton Mayor Non-partisan municipal 7,528 9.12% 2/2 Not elected
Municipal 1991 Hamilton Mayor Non-partisan municipal 2,507 2.8% 4/4 Not elected
Municipal 1994 Hamilton Mayor Non-partisan municipal 3,521 4.4% 3/5 Not elected
Federal Leadership 1998 Leader, Progressive Conservative Party Progressive Conservative Party n/a n/a n/a Failed to meet requirements
Federal Leadership 2000 Leader, Canadian Alliance Canadian Alliance n/a n/a n/a Failed to meet requirements
Municipal 2000 Hamilton Mayor Non-partisan municipal 1,637 1.1% 5/12 Not elected
Federal 2000 Member of Parliament, Hamilton East Marijuana Party 573 1.83% 5/9 Not elected
Municipal 2003 Hamilton Mayor Non-partisan municipal 2,569 1.85% 6/7 Not elected
Federal 2004 Member of Parliament, Hamilton Centre Independent 345 .8% 6/7 Not elected
Municipal 2004 By-election Hamilton City Councillor, Ward 2 – Downtown Non-partisan municipal 52 1.03% 7/11 Not elected
Municipal 2006 Hamilton Mayor Non-partisan municipal 4,520 3.61% 4/7 Not elected
Municipal 2010 Hamilton Mayor Non-partisan municipal 2,892 2.1% 4/15 Not elected
Federal 2011 Member of Parliament, Hamilton Centre Marijuana Party 780 1.9% 4/5 Not elected
Provincial 2011 Member of Provincial Parliament, Hamilton Centre Independent 268 .8% 6/10 Not elected
Municipal 2014 Hamilton Mayor Non-partisan municipal 3,518 2.9% 4/12 Not elected
Federal 2015 Member of Parliament, Hamilton Centre Marijuana Party 348 0.85% 5/7 Not elected

Douglas Campbell

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Douglas Campbell was a teacher and writer from Toronto, Ontario. In 1962, Campbell ran an independent campaign for Parliament in the electoral district of St Paul's, running against future Governor General Roland Michener. Campbell launched three NDP leadership campaigns in the 1970s; he twice sought the position of Ontario NDP leader in the 1970 leadership election and also 1972 when he challenged incumbent Stephen Lewis. He also challenged David Lewis for the federal NDP leadership in 1973 and ran to replace Lewis in the 1975 New Democratic Party leadership election.

In 1988, Campbell ran against North York's incumbent mayor, Mel Lastman. A profile in the Toronto Star listed Campbell's age as 59 and residence as Gulliver Road in Toronto, as well as referencing a past campaign for the office of Mayor of Mississauga. He told the Star his campaign was an attempt to find a larger platform so he could campaign on issues such as "sanctions against South Africa, free trade and the Meech Lake Accord."[8]

During Campbell's campaign for mayor of Toronto in 2003, he generated media attention when he invited the audience at an all-candidates meeting to his wife's memorial service.[9] Campbell, whose age was listed as 72 during the Toronto mayoral campaign in 2006, was attacked in a National Post editorial for a statement all-candidates meeting where the candidate said voting for a capitalist mayor was like "voting to kill your fellow workers," and comparing Stephen Harper, Paul Martin, and Franklin D. Roosevelt to Adolf Hitler.[10] He was quoted in Now Magazine as also saying "If you vote for a capitalist candidate, you're voting to kill children."[11]

Level Election Office Party Votes Percent Place Result Notes
Federal 1962 Member of Parliament, St. Paul's Independent 328 1.2% 5/5 Not elected
Provincial 1970 Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party Ontario New Democratic Party 21 1.1% 3/3 Not elected
Provincial 1972 Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party Ontario New Democratic Party 124 14.1% 2/2 Not elected
Federal 1973 Leader of the New Democratic Party New Democratic Party 76 9.6% 2/2 Not elected
Municipal 1973 Mississauga Mayor Non-partisan municipal Not elected [12]
Federal 1975 Leader of the New Democratic Party New Democratic Party 11 0.7% 5/5 Not elected
Municipal 1988 North York Mayor Non-partisan municipal 10,290 8.26% 3/4 Not elected
Municipal 2000 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 8,591 1.42% 4/26 Not elected
Municipal 2003 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 2,197 0.32% 6/44 Not elected
Municipal 2006 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 4,183 0.72% 6/38 Not elected
Municipal 2010 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 1,428 0.18% 13/40 Not elected


Bob Smith

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Bob Smith (born Robert Wayne Smith) ran for federal, provincial, and municipal office 10 times from 1972 to 2006. His best result came in 1980 when he earned 1,319 votes in a race for school trustee in Toronto's Ward 8.

Level Election Office Party Votes Percent Place Result Notes
Municipal 1972 Toronto Board of Education Trustee, Ward 8 - Riverdale Non-partisan municipal 247 11/11 Not elected
Municipal 1974 Toronto City Councillor, Ward 4 - Trinity-Bellwoods and Little Italy Non-partisan municipal 200 7/7 Not elected
Municipal 1976 Toronto Board of Education Trustee, Ward 9 - The Beaches Non-partisan municipal 864 6/7 Not elected
Federal 1980 Member of Parliament, St. Paul's Nationalist Party [note 2] 108 0.3% 6/9 Not elected
Municipal 1980 Toronto Board of Education Trustee, Ward 8 - Riverdale Non-partisan municipal 1,319 6/9 Not elected
Municipal 1982 Toronto Board of Education Trustee, Ward 8 - Riverdale Non-partisan municipal 603 6/10 Not elected
Municipal 1985 Toronto Board of Education Trustee, Ward 8 - Riverdale Non-partisan municipal 935 5/7 Not elected
Provincial 1993 By-election Member of Provincial Parliament, St. George—St. David 72 8/9 Not elected
Municipal 2003 Toronto City Councillor, Ward 31 - The Beaches Non-partisan municipal 414 2.5% 4/4 Not elected
Municipal 2006 Toronto Mayor Non-partisan municipal 1,105 0.19% 20/38 Not elected

Manitoba

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Saskatchewan

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Alberta

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British Columbia

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Notes

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  1. ^ Incomplete campaigns include those campaigns where a candidate declares their intent, attempts to file, and/or begins a campaign, but is unable to continue in the campaign, does not appear on the final ballot, or the election is voided for any reason.
  2. ^ While Smith had the backing of the Nationalist Party, he was listed as "Independent" on the ballot, as the party did not have official status.

References

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  1. ^ Weeks, Linton (September 23, 2011). "Also-Rans: What Drives The Perennial Candidates?". NPR. Retrieved August 28, 2021. For the purposes of this story, we are defining the perennial presidential candidate as someone who runs for — and loses — the race to the White House at least twice. And then runs again.
  2. ^ "Iran's presidential election: Who the candidates are". BBC News. May 28, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2021. [Mohsen Rezai] has stood three times as president, and never held public office, having also failed in a bid to be elected to parliament in 2000. He is commonly referred to as a "perennial candidate".
  3. ^ Samuels, Alex; Radcliffe, Mary (June 9, 2021). "Most Candidates Take The Hint After Two Losses. Why Won't Beto O'Rourke and Charlie Crist?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved August 28, 2021. ...both O'Rourke and Crist are risking their political credibility if they run again and lose, as they've already failed to win two consecutive runs for office. Even worse, they could be marked as perennial candidates.
  4. ^ Brown, Chris (29 September 2015). "Canada election 2015: Perennial candidates make running and losing a full-time job". CBC British Columbia. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019.
  5. ^ Parliament of Canada (June 22, 2023). Canada Elections Act (S.C. 2000, c. 9) (Report). Justice Laws Website. Retrieved 10 March 2024. 65 The following persons are not eligible to be a candidate:
  6. ^ "How to Become a Candidate". elections.ca. Elections Canada. 31 October 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024. Note: You may only seek election in a single electoral district at a time, but you do not need to reside in that district.
  7. ^ Kassam, Ashifa (23 September 2018). "'No regrets': world's biggest election loser runs for 96th time in Canada". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018.
  8. ^ James, Royson (25 October 1988). "Housing high priority for mayoral candidates". Toronto Star.
  9. ^ Porter, Catherine (23 October 2003). "It's more fun on the fringe, candidates prove". Toronto Star.
  10. ^ "Toronto voters deserve better". National Post. 6 October 2006.
  11. ^ "NOW Magazine - Newsfront in Toronto, OCTOBER 12 - 18, 2006". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2010.
  12. ^ Stewart, John (2 March 2024). "Half a century later, 1973 election upset still astounds". Mississauga News. Archived from the original on 11 March 2024.