Graphium glycerion

Graphium glycerion
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Graphium
Species:	G. glycerion
Binomial name
	Graphium glycerion; (Gray, 1831)
Synonyms
	Papilio glycerion Gray, 1831; Pazala glycerion Moore, 1888; Papilio glycerion caschmirensis Rothschild, 1895; Pazala glycerion phangana Okano, 1986;

Graphium glycerion, the spectacle swordtail, is a species of butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm (northern India, China, Thailand, Laos and northern Vietnam). The species was first described by George Robert Gray in 1831.

Subspecies

G. g glycerion (Nepal, Sikkim, Assam)
G. g. caschmirensis (Rothschild, 1895) (north-western India)
G. g. kimurai Murayama, 1982 (northern Thailand)
G. g. phangana (Okano, 1986) (northern Thailand)

Taxonomy

It may be a synonym of Graphium mandarinus Collins & Morris.^[4] It is however treated as a "good species" by Koiwaya.^[5] A further problem is that the name glycerion is permanently invalid as a junior primary homonym of Papilio glycerion Borkhausen, 1788.

Graphium glycerion is very little known and as with Graphium mandarinus, G. tamerlanus, G. phidias and G. olbrechtsi few specimens exist.

References

^ Savela, Markku. "Graphium glycerion (Gray, 1831)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
^ Gray, George Robert (1831). "Descriptions of eight new species of Indian Butterflies, (Papilio, Lin.) from the collection of General Hardwicke". In Gray, John Edward (ed.). The Zoological Miscellany. London: Treuttei, Wurtz and Co. p. 32.
^ Hewitson, William C. & Moore, Frederic (1879). "Pazala, n. g.". Descriptions of New Indian Lepidopterous Insects: From the Collection of the Late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, M.A., F.L.S., &c. The Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 283. OCLC 9625544 – via Internet Archive.
^ Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
^ Koiwaya, S. (1993) Descriptions of Three New Genera, Eleven New Species and Seven New Subspecies of Butterflies from China. Studies of Chinese Butterflies.

External links

Butterfly Corner — Images from Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

[1] Savela, Markku. "Graphium glycerion (Gray, 1831)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved January 19, 2019.

[2] Gray, George Robert (1831). "Descriptions of eight new species of Indian Butterflies, (Papilio, Lin.) from the collection of General Hardwicke". In Gray, John Edward (ed.). The Zoological Miscellany. London: Treuttei, Wurtz and Co. p. 32.

[3] Hewitson, William C. & Moore, Frederic (1879). "Pazala, n. g.". Descriptions of New Indian Lepidopterous Insects: From the Collection of the Late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, M.A., F.L.S., &c. The Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 283. OCLC 9625544 – via Internet Archive.

[4] Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

[5] Koiwaya, S. (1993) Descriptions of Three New Genera, Eleven New Species and Seven New Subspecies of Butterflies from China. Studies of Chinese Butterflies.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]