P45 (tax)
In the United Kingdom, and formerly in the Republic of Ireland, a P45 is the reference code of a document titled Details of employee leaving work. The term is used in British and Irish slang as a metonym for termination of employment. The equivalent slang term in the United States is "pink slip".
A P45 is issued by the employer when an employee leaves work.[1][2]
A P45 is also issued by a pension provider when one claims their pension savings held with the pension provider. When one takes out their entire pension fund as a lump sum, a part of this amount will be considered taxable earnings, and this will need to be reported to HMRC. In such cases, one receives a P45 from the pension provider for their record. This can also be passed on to a new employer if the person continues to work.[3][4]
In the United Kingdom
[edit]In the UK, the front section, Part 1, is given by the old employer to HM Revenue and Customs, who then record the pay and tax details on to the individual's taxpayer record. Part 1A is to be retained by the employee, Part 2 retained by the new employer, and Part 3 taken by the new employer and sent to their tax office. The P45 contains details of earnings and tax paid during the tax year (tax paid in previous years is detailed on the P60 for that year).[5]
The "P" code refers to documents in the PAYE series, in the same way that self-assessment documents are prefixed "SA" (e.g., SA100 - Individual tax return) and tax credits paperwork is prefixed "TC" (e.g., TC600 - Tax credits application).[citation needed]
In the Republic of Ireland
[edit]In the Republic of Ireland, P45 was also used as a reference to a form used by the Revenue Commissioners with the same function. The administrative procedures in this area were similar; however, the form itself was different in design from the UK version. The form was eliminated from 1 January 2019, having been replaced by a real-time reporting of tax details to Revenue.[6]
In popular culture
[edit]On 27 June 2007, the day of his resignation as Prime Minister, Tony Blair jokingly remarked during his final Prime Minister's Questions about receiving his P45:[7][8]
I received the following communication by urgent letter yesterday:
"Details of employee leaving work: Surname Blair. First name T"—
"It actually says 'Mr., Mrs., Miss or other'"—
"This form is important to you. Take good care of it. P45."
— Tony Blair, Official Report (Hansard)
On 4 October 2017, at the annual Conservative Party conference in Manchester, Prime Minister Theresa May was handed a P45 form by prankster Simon Brodkin as a stunt claiming to be from then-Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson. Brodkin was arrested, but no charges were brought.[9][10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "PAYE forms - P45, Starter Checklist, P60 and P11D". HM Revenue & Customs. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
- ^ "When an employee leaves or retires". HM Revenue & Customs. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
- ^ "Help guide on P45's". Smart Pension. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ "PAYE93080 - Reconcile individual: end of year reconciliation: small pension taken as a lump sum payment (formerly known as trivial commutation payments)". HM Revenue & Customs. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ "P45 Form: United Kingdom Tax Form, What it is, How it Works". Investopedia. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ Reddan, Fiona. "Bye bye P45: Revenue moves to modernise PAYE". The Irish Times. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
- ^ "Tony Blair's last Prime Minister's Questions: 27 June 2007". YouTube (Video). 27 June 2007. 21 minutes, 17 seconds. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ "Hansard: The Prime Minister". 27 June 2007.
- ^ Elgot, Jessica Elgot; Grierson, Jamie (4 October 2017). "Security inquiry after prankster Simon Brodkin disrupts May speech". The Guardian.
- ^ "Conservative conference: May handed P45". BBC News. 8 October 2017.
External links
[edit]- PAYE forms: P45, P60, P11D GOV.UK information
- PAYE forms: P45, P46, P60, P11D Directgov pages in the UK National Archives
- E13 Day to Day Payroll Additional United Kingdom information
- Revenue Commissioners (October 2007). "Employers Guide to PAYE" (PDF). pp. §12.1: Form P45 (cessation certificate) pp.71–3, §12.3: Completing form P45 pp.73–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007. Republic of Ireland information
- Revenue Online (4 July 2005). "Document Type Definition P45" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007. DTD for online submission of P45 in XML format