Owari Tokugawa family

Tokugawa
徳川 (尾張)
Tokugawa; 徳川 (尾張)
	Maruni-mitsubaaoi ("Circle Around Three Hollyhock Leaves"), the mon of the Owari branch of Tokugawa clan
Home province	Owari
Parent house	Tokugawa clan
Titles	Daimyō
Founder	Tokugawa Yoshinao
Final ruler	Tokugawa Munechika
Current head	Tokugawa Yoshitaka
Founding year	1610
Dissolution	still extant
Cadet branches	Takasu-Matsudaira family (高須松平家)

The Owari Tokugawa family (尾張徳川家, Owari Tokugawa-ke) is a branch of the Tokugawa clan, and it is the seniormost house of the Gosanke ("three honourable houses of the Tokugawa").^[1]

History

The family was originally founded by Tokugawa Yoshinao, the ninth son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Yoshinao was originally named Matsudaira Yoshitoshi (松平義利); it was not until 1621 that he changed his name to Yoshinao, and later gained the surname Tokugawa in 1636; the family, along with Kishu-Tokugawa family (descendants of Tokugawa Yorinobu, Yoshinao's half-brother), had succession right to the shōgun once the latter died without heir.^[2] For over 250 years, the Owari family ruled Owari Domain, the area surrounding present day Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, using Nagoya Castle as its main base.^[3] Other residences were the Ōzone Oshitayashiki, the Aoi Oshitayashiki (both in the Higashi ward of the town), as well as the New Palace ((新御殿 Shin Goten) in Horibata-chō, Nagoya. The treasures of the Owari are kept in the Tokugawa Art Museum in Nagoya.

Despite having seniority of the Tokugawa clan, there were no shōguns that came from the Owari-Tokugawa family throughout the Edo period.^[4] Tokugawa Muneharu, the 7th head of Owari-Tokugawa family, was forced to retire in 1739 because of his policy dispute with Tokugawa Yoshimune;^[5]^[6] Muneharu was then replaced by his cousin Munekatsu.^[6] The main patrillineal descent of Yoshinao, however, became extinct in 1800 with the death of the 9th family head, Tokugawa Munechika, who outlived his two only sons and four heirs he adopted.^[7] As such, the Owari-Tokugawa family had since been kept in existence through repeated adoptions from the two remaining houses, from Kishu and Mito-Tokugawa family. After the Meiji Restoration, in 1880, Tokugawa Yoshikatsu appointed his son-in-law, Yoshiakira [ja], as his heir (mukoyōshi, "adopted son-in-law");^[4]^[8] Yoshiakira was later recognized as the kazoku and became a marquis in 1884.^[9] The mukoyōshi adoption of the Owari-Tokugawa happened again twice, once to Yoshichika in 1908^[10]^[11] and the other to Yoshinobu in 1955; Yoshinobu was born a member of the Hotta clan instead of the Tokugawa.^[12]

Kenchū-ji is a Jōdo-shū Buddhist temple in Tsutsui, Higashi-ku, Nagoya. Starting in the Edo period it became the Bodaiji of the family, with numerous heads of the clan cremated there.^[13]

The family branch was the largest owner of land due to its senior position within the Shogunate. For an overview see list of Owari Tokugawa residences.

Family tree

adoption

(1543–1616)
Ieyasu

(1601–1650)
Yoshinao⁽¹⁾

(1602–1671)
Yorinobu

(1603–1661)
Yorifusa

(1625–1700)
Mitsutomo⁽²⁾

(1627–1705)
Mitsusada

(1622–1695)
Matsudaira
Yorishige

(1652–1699)
Tsunanari⁽³⁾

(1678–1728)
Matsudaira Tomoaki [ja]

(1684–1751)
Yoshimune

(1661–1687)
Matsudaira
Yoritoshi [ja]

(1689–1713)
Yoshimichi⁽⁴⁾

(1692–1731)
Tsugutomo⁽⁶⁾

(1696–1764)
Muneharu⁽⁷⁾

(1705–1761)
Munekatsu⁽⁸⁾

(1721–1765)
Munetada

(1680–1735)
Matsudaira
Yoritoyo [ja]

(1700–1728)
Kujō Yukinori

(1706–1757)
Senhime [ja]

(1711–1713)
Gorōta⁽⁵⁾

(1733–1800)
Munechika⁽⁹⁾

(1751–1827)
Harusada [ja]

(1705–1730)
Munetaka

(1727–1754)
Nijō Munemoto

(1773–1841)
Ienari

(1776–1793)
Harukuni [ja]

(1779–1848)
Narimasa

(1728–1766)
Munemoto

(1754–1826)
Nijō Harutaka

(1793–1850)
Naritomo⁽¹⁰⁾

(1751–1805)
Harumori [ja]

(1819–1839)
Nariharu⁽¹¹⁾

(1773–1816)
Harutoshi

(1776–1832)
Matsudaira
Yoshinari [ja]

(1804–1826)
Nijō Suiko

(1798–1864)
Nabeshima Naotomo

(1810–1845)
Naritaka⁽¹²⁾

(1798–1842)
Matsudaira Yorihiro

(1800–1862)
Matsudaira
Yoshitatsu [ja]

(1836–1849)
Yoshitsugu⁽¹³⁾

(1826–1891)
Nabeshima Naotada

(1815–1871)
Nabeshima Naomasa

(1830–1886)
Tatsuko

(1828–1890)
Matsudaira Yoshinaga

(1834–1903)
Matsudaira Yoritoshi

(1824–1883)
Yoshikatsu
^(14)(17)

(1857–1922)
Nabeshima Teruko

(1858-1910)
Nabeshima Naotō [ja]

(1863–1908)
Yoshiakira [ja]⁽¹⁸⁾

(1869–1924)
Yoshiko

(1831–1884)
Mochinaga
⁽¹⁵⁾

(1887-1951)
Hotta Masatsune [ja]

(1886-1976)
Yoshichika [ja]⁽¹⁹⁾

(1892-1980)
Yoneko

(1858–1875)
Yoshinori
⁽¹⁶⁾

(1911–1992)
Yoshitomo [ja]
⁽²⁰⁾

(1933-2005)
Yoshinobu [ja]
⁽²¹⁾

(b. 1936)
Michiko

(b. 1961)
Yoshitaka [ja]
⁽²²⁾

^[14]

Gallery

Nagoya Castle for the Owari-Tokugawa during the Edo period
The treasures of the Owari are kept in the Tokugawa Art Museum, Nagoya
Banners of the Owari-Tokugawa

References

^ Hosa Library, City of Nagoya. Hosa Library. Accessed July 4, 2007.
^ Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten, Tokugawa Gosanke, Tokugawa Owari-ke, Tokugawa Kii-ke, and Tokugawa Mito-ke
^ Usually, the clan had about 6,000 Samarai and other troops at its disposal. Nagoya Castle. Urabe Research Laboratory. Accessed July 4, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Mizutani, Morimitsu (1972). 尾張徳川家明治維新内紛秘話. 名古屋城振興協会. pp. 33, 155, 266.
^ Tokugawa Muneharu: Shogun Yoshimune's Rival Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. (in Japanese) Aichi Prefectural Education Center. Accessed May 12, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Katsumi, Kanae (2004-05-06). 徳川将軍の意外なウラ事情家康から慶喜まで、十五代の知られざるエピソード. PHP研究所. p. 53. ISBN 978-4569661827.
^ 岸野, 俊彦 (2002-12-20). 尾張藩社会の文化・情報・学問. 清文堂出版. ISBN 978-4792405274.
^ 徳川諸家系譜3. 続群書類従完成会. 1979. p. 103. ISBN 4-7971-0259-4.
^ "官報. 1884年07月08日". 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
^ Satō, Tomoyasu (1987). 門閥―旧華族階層の復権. 立風書房. p. 105. ISBN 978-4651700328.
^ Asami, Masao (1999-09-01). 華族たちの近代. NTT出版. p. 122. ISBN 978-4757140097.
^ 現代の系譜: 日本を動かす人々. 東京中日新聞出版局. 1965. pp. 231, 238.
^ "Kenchuji Temple".
^ "徳川（德川）氏（御三家・尾張徳川家）". Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[hosalibrary-1] Hosa Library, City of Nagoya. Hosa Library. Accessed July 4, 2007.

[inj-2] Iwanami Nihonshi Jiten, Tokugawa Gosanke, Tokugawa Owari-ke, Tokugawa Kii-ke, and Tokugawa Mito-ke

[urabe-3] Usually, the clan had about 6,000 Samarai and other troops at its disposal. Nagoya Castle. Urabe Research Laboratory. Accessed July 4, 2007.

[Ow-4] Mizutani, Morimitsu (1972). 尾張徳川家明治維新内紛秘話. 名古屋城振興協会. pp. 33, 155, 266.

[ed-5] Tokugawa Muneharu: Shogun Yoshimune's Rival Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. (in Japanese) Aichi Prefectural Education Center. Accessed May 12, 2008.

[Kanae-6] Katsumi, Kanae (2004-05-06). 徳川将軍の意外なウラ事情家康から慶喜まで、十五代の知られざるエピソード. PHP研究所. p. 53. ISBN 978-4569661827.

[7] 岸野, 俊彦 (2002-12-20). 尾張藩社会の文化・情報・学問. 清文堂出版. ISBN 978-4792405274.

[8] 徳川諸家系譜3. 続群書類従完成会. 1979. p. 103. ISBN 4-7971-0259-4.

[9] "官報. 1884年07月08日". 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション. Retrieved 25 October 2019.

[10] Satō, Tomoyasu (1987). 門閥―旧華族階層の復権. 立風書房. p. 105. ISBN 978-4651700328.

[11] Asami, Masao (1999-09-01). 華族たちの近代. NTT出版. p. 122. ISBN 978-4757140097.

[12] 現代の系譜: 日本を動かす人々. 東京中日新聞出版局. 1965. pp. 231, 238.

[13] "Kenchuji Temple".

[14] "徳川（德川）氏（御三家・尾張徳川家）". Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

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