Otto Wöhler
Otto Wöhler | |
|---|---|
 Wöhler in 1944 | |
| Born | 12 July 1894 Großburgwedel, German Empire |
| Died | 5 February 1987 (aged 92) Großburgwedel, West Germany |
| Allegiance |  German Empire  Weimar Republic  Nazi Germany |
| Service |  German Army |
| Years of service | 1913–1945 |
| Rank | General of the Infantry |
| Commands | I Army Corps 8th Army Army Group South |
| Battles / wars | World War I
World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves |
Otto Wöhler (12 July 1894 – 5 February 1987) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He rose to a corps and army level commander.
Wöhler was implicated in the Einsatzgruppe activities while serving as Chief of Staff of the 11th Army in early 1942. After the war, he was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity in the High Command trial and sentenced to 8 years. He was released in February 1951.
World War II
[edit]Wöhler fought in World War I and served in the post-war Reichswehr and in then the Wehrmacht in several staff roles. Between October 1940 and May 1942, Wöhler served as chief of staff of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein's 11th Army.[1] In this capacity Wöhler cooperated closely with the Einsatzgruppe D under Otto Ohlendorf. At one point, he requested that all watches belonging to the killed Jews be turned over to the army.[2]
Wöhler was then appointed chief of staff of Army Group Center under Field Marshal Günther von Kluge. Wöhler’s first combat command was I Army Corps which he led from February to August 1943, before being given command of the 8th Army in August 1943. In December 1944 he was appointed commander of Army Group South.[1]
Trial and conviction
[edit]Wöhler was investigated by the Allies after the war and was implicated in Einsatzgruppen activities while serving as Chief of Staff of the 11th Army in early 1942. In the pre-trial interrogations, he admitted that Manstein awarded Iron Crosses to Einsatzgruppen men and described the cooperation with the Einsatzgruppen as "generally free of friction".[3]
He was tried by a U.S. Military Tribunal at Nuremberg ("High Command Trial" No. XII). At trial Wöhler denied knowledge of the Einsatzgruppen functions and any complicity in helping to carry their actions.[3] He was convicted of implementing the Barbarossa Jurisdiction Order, which allowed the murder of civilians on the pretext of counteracting partisan activity[4] Wöhler was also found guilty of deportations of civilians for slave labor and cooperation with Einsatzgruppen.[5]
Wöhler was sentenced to eight years imprisonment in October 1948. During the 1949 sentence review, his sentence was confirmed with no changes. Based on the sentence having been backdated to 1945, he was released in February 1951 on good time credit grounds.[6]
Awards
[edit]- 1914 Iron Cross: 2nd Class (1914); 1st Class (1916)[7]
- German Cross in Gold on 26 January 1942 as Oberst in the General Staff of AOK 11[8]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 14 August 1943 as General of the Infantry and commander of I Army Corps[9]
- Oak Leaves on 28 November 1944 as General of the Infantry and commander of the 8th Army[9]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Hebert 2010, p. 215.
- ^ Hebert 2010, p. 265.
- ^ a b Hebert 2010, p. 119.
- ^ Hebert 2010, pp. 3, 151.
- ^ Hebert 2010, p. 151.
- ^ Hebert 2010, p. 219.
- ^ Thomas 1998, p. 455.
- ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 520.
- ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 793.
Bibliography
[edit]- Hebert, Valerie (2010). Hitler's Generals on Trial: The Last War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1698-5.
- Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
- Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
- Thomas, Franz (1998). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9.
External links
[edit]- US Military Tribunal Nuremberg (1948). "High Command Trial, Judgment of 27 October 1948" (PDF). Retrieved 30 May 2016.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
- 1894 births
- 1987 deaths
- People from Burgwedel
- Generals of Infantry (Wehrmacht)
- Military personnel from the Province of Hanover
- Recipients of the Gold German Cross
- Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Recipients of the Order of Michael the Brave
- German people convicted of war crimes
- German people convicted of crimes against humanity
- People convicted by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals
- Reichswehr personnel
- Military personnel from Lower Saxony
- German Army generals of World War II
- German Army personnel of World War I