Cathedral Island, Wrocław

Cathedral Island

Polish: *Ostrów Tumski*
Cathedral Island Polish: Ostrów Tumski
Historic part of Wrocław
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Lower Silesian
County/City	Wrocław
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code	+48 71
Vehicle registration	DW
Historic Monument of Poland
Designated	1994-09-08
Part of	Wrocław – historic city center
Reference no.	M.P. 1994 nr 50 poz. 425

The Cathedral Island (Polish: Ostrów Tumski, [ˈɔstruf ˈtumski], German: Dominsel, [ˈdoːmɪnzəl]) is the oldest part of the city of Wrocław in south-western Poland. It was formerly an island (Old Polish: ostrów) between branches of the Oder River. Today it is the city's popular tourist destination.

The Cathedral Island in Wrocław is one of the few remaining places in Europe where a lamplighter lights the gas street lamps every evening.^[2]

History

Archaeological excavations have shown that the western part of the Cathedral Island, between the Church of St. Martin and the Holy Cross, was the first area to be inhabited. The first, wooden church (St. Martin), dating from the 10th century, was surrounded by defensive walls built on the banks of the river. The island had approximately 1,500 inhabitants at that time.

The first constructions on the Cathedral Island were built in the 10th century by the Piast dynasty, and were made from wood. The first building from solid material was St. Martin's chapel, built probably at the beginning of the eleventh century by Benedictine monks. Not long after the first cathedral was raised, in place of the small church. Religious buildings appeared in the Cathedral Island because during the Congress of Gniezno in AD 1000, it was decided to create a bishopric in Wrocław.

In 1163 the settlement was raided by Boleslaw I the Tall who had returned from his banishment. After taking control of the area and waiting for the political situation in Silesia to stabilize, he chose the Cathedral Island as his new capital. He began replacing the wooden defenses with brick ones and build a Roman-style residence.

In 1315, the Cathedral Island was sold to the church. Since the island ceased to be under secular jurisdiction, it was often used by those who had broken the law in Wrocław, as a place of sanctuary. An interesting indication of the special status of the island was a ban on wearing any headdress by men, effective even on Tumski Bridge beyond the border pole of this small "ecclesiastical nation" (the law also applied to royalty).^{[citation needed]}

In 1503-1538 Nicolaus Copernicus was a canon of the collegiate chapter of the Holy Cross in the Cathedral Island.^[3]^[4]

In 1766 in the Cathedral Island, Giacomo Casanova lived at the house of Father Bastiani.^[5]

In the 19th century, the Breslau Moat was being covered up, which connected the Cathedral Island with mainland Breslau and causing it to cease being a proper island.^[6]