Oryol Prison

Oryol Prison
	Oryol Prison
Location	10 Krasnoarmeyskaya str. Oryol
Coordinates	52°58′45″N 36°03′55″E / 52.979294°N 36.065324°E
Opened	1840
Managed by	Russia

The Oryol Prison has been a prison in Oryol since the 19th century. It was a notable place of incarceration for political prisoners and war prisoners of the Second World War.

The building of prison, built in 1840, is one of the oldest buildings in the city of Oryol.

In 1941, the Oryol isolation prison contained some five thousand political prisoners. On 11 September 1941, just weeks before the occupation by German troops, by personal order of Joseph Stalin, 157 political prisoners incarcerated here were executed just outside Oryol, in the Medvedev Forest massacre. During the occupation by the Nazi Germany (since October 1941 to June 1943) here was established a concentration camp.

After the Second World War, the Soviet authorities used it as a concentration camp for prisoners of war, among them being Dietrich von Saucken. Prisoners of war (from Germany, Hungary, Romania) were exterminated by starvation, shooting, exposure, and poisoning.^{[citation needed]} A former prisoner, Latkovska-Wojtuskiewicz, described the scene at Easter in 1951 as "a veritable hell: the room was full of people, half-naked women languished and we, the new arrivals, wallowed on filthy straw, from which rose a stinking dust which choked one's breath. We were so hoarse we could neither breathe nor speak."^[1]

At present, in the buildings of the former prison there is an investigatory isolation ward No. 1 (Russian: СИЗО-57/1) of the Penitentiary Service under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation and a prison hospital for tuberculosis patients.

Notable inmates

Aleksander Prystor, politician
Felix Dzerzhinsky, revolutionary and politician
Olga Kameneva, revolutionary and politician
Michael Kitzelmann, lieutenant
Grigory Kotovsky, military
Jan Kwapiński, activist and politician
Christian Rakovsky, revolutionary, politician, diplomat and statesman
Maria Spiridonova, revolutionary
Dietrich von Saucken, Nazi general
Varvara Yakovleva, politician
Aron Baron, revolutionary

References

Dennis Christensen 2017–present

https://www.jw-russia.org/en/infographic/506.html

^ Helena Latkovska Wojtuskiewicz, I Lived Through Hell on Earth: Sixteen Years in Siberia (Baltimore, Maryland: Gateway Press, 1998), p. 123.

Bibliography

Гернет М. Н., История царской тюрьмы, 3 изд., т. 15, М., 1960-63 г.
Дворянов В. Н., В сибирской дальней стороне (Очерки истории царской каторги и ссылки, 60-е годы XVIII в. — 1917 г.), Минск, 1971 г.
Максимов С. В., Сибирь и каторга, 2 изд., ч. 1-3, СПБ, 1891 г.

[1] Helena Latkovska Wojtuskiewicz, I Lived Through Hell on Earth: Sixteen Years in Siberia (Baltimore, Maryland: Gateway Press, 1998), p. 123.

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