Battle of Red Cliffs order of battle
Appearance
(Redirected from Order of battle at the Battle of Red Cliffs)
The following is the order of battle for the Battle of Red Cliffs (208–209 AD).
Cao Cao forces
[edit]- Imperial Chancellor (丞相) Cao Cao[1]
- (Acting) General Who Attacks the South (征南將軍) Cao Ren[2]
- Army Protector and Commandant (都督護軍) Zhao Yan, coordinated the units commanded by the following seven officers:[3]
- General Who Sweeps Across the Wilderness (橫野將軍) Xu Huang[8]
- General of Uplifting Martial Might (奮武將軍) Cheng Yu[9]
- Palace Counsellor (太中大夫) Jia Xu[10]
- Administrator of Runan (汝南太守) Man Chong[11]
Total strength of combined land and naval forces: ≈800,000 (according to Cao Cao's claim);[12] ≈220,000–240,000 (according to Zhou Yu's estimations)[13]
Sun Quan forces
[edit]- General Who Attacks Barbarians (討虜將軍) Sun Quan[14]
- Central Army Protector (中護軍) Zhou Yu, served as the Left Chief Controller (左都督).[15][16]
- General of the Household Who Defeats Bandits (盪寇中郎將) Cheng Pu, served as the Right Chief Controller (右都督).[15][16]
- Colonel Who Praises the Army (贊軍校尉) Lu Su[17]
- General of the Household Who Attacks Barbarians (征虜中郎將) Lü Fan[18]
- General of the Household Who Sweeps Across the Wilderness (橫野中郎將) Lü Meng[19]
- General of the Household (中郎將) Han Dang[20]
- Commandant of Danyang (丹陽都尉) Huang Gai[21]
- Commandant of Vehemence (承烈都尉) Ling Tong[22]
- Chief of Yichun (宜春長) Zhou Tai[23]
- Gan Ning[24]
Total strength of combined land and naval forces: ≈30,000[25][26][27]
Liu Bei and Liu Qi forces
[edit]- General of the Left (左將軍) Liu Bei[26][28]
- Lieutenant-General (偏將軍) Guan Yu[26][29]
- General of the Household (中郎將) Zhang Fei[26][30]
- Zhuge Liang[26][27]
- Administrator of Jiangxia (江夏太守) Liu Qi[31]
Total strength of combined land and naval forces: ≈20,000[31]
References
[edit]- ^ (夏六月,以公為丞相。 ... 公至赤壁,與備戰,不利。於是大疫,吏士多死者,乃引軍還。備遂有荊州、江南諸郡。) Sanguozhi vol. 1.
- ^ (從平荊州,以仁行征南將軍,留屯江陵,拒吳將周瑜。 ... ) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h (太祖征荊州,以儼領章陵太守,徙都督護軍,護于禁、張遼、張郃、朱靈、李典、路招、馮楷七軍。) Sanguozhi vol. 23.
- ^ (... 拜禁虎威將軍。 ... 是時,禁與張遼、樂進、張郃、徐晃俱為名將,太祖每征伐,咸遞行為軍鋒, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 以遼為盪寇將軍。 ... 太祖旣征孫權還,使遼與樂進、李典等將七千餘人屯合肥。) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 以功遷平狄將軍。別征東萊,討管承,又與張遼討陳蘭、梅成等,破之。) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 遷破虜將軍。與張遼、樂進屯合肥, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 拜橫野將軍。從征荊州,別屯樊,討中廬、臨沮、宜城賊。又與滿寵討關羽於漢津,與曹仁擊周瑜於江陵。) Sanguozhi vol. 17.
- ^ (... 拜昱奮武將軍, ... 太祖征荊州,劉備奔吳。論者以為孫權必殺備,昱料之曰: ... 權果多與備兵,以禦太祖。) Sanguozhi vol. 14.
- ^ (... 徙詡為太中大夫。建安十三年,太祖破荊州,欲順江東下。 ... 太祖不從,軍遂無利。) Sanguozhi vol. 10.
- ^ (太祖憂之,以寵為汝南太守。 ... 建安十三年,從太祖征荊州。) Sanguozhi vol. 26.
- ^ (江表傳載曹公與權書曰:「近者奉辭伐罪,旄麾南指,劉琮束手。今治水軍八十萬衆,方與將軍會獵於吳。」權得書以示羣臣,莫不嚮震失色。) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 47.
- ^ (江表傳曰: ... 及會罷之夜,瑜請見曰:「諸人徒見操書,言水步八十萬,而各恐懾,不復料其虛實,便開此議,甚無謂也。今以實校之,彼所將中國人,不過十五六萬,且軍已久疲,所得表衆,亦極七八萬耳,尚懷狐疑。 ...) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ (曹公表權為討虜將軍, ... 是時曹公新得表衆,形勢甚盛,諸議者皆望風畏懼,多勸權迎之。惟瑜、肅執拒之議,意與權同。瑜、普為左右督,各領萬人,與備俱進,遇於赤壁,大破曹公軍。) Sanguozhi vol. 47.
- ^ a b (以瑜為中護軍, ... 時劉備為曹公所破,欲引南渡江,與魯肅遇於當陽,遂共圖計,因進住夏口,遣諸葛亮詣權,權遂遣瑜及程普等與備并力逆曹公,遇於赤壁。 ... 又豫備走舸,各繫大船後,因引次俱前。曹公軍吏士皆延頸觀望,指言蓋降。蓋放諸船,同時發火。時風盛猛,悉延燒岸上營落。頃之,煙炎張天,人馬燒溺死者甚衆,軍遂敗退,還保南郡。) Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ a b (後拜盪寇中郎將, ... 與周瑜為左右督,破曹公於烏林, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (時周瑜受使至鄱陽,肅勸追召瑜還。 ... 遂任瑜以行事,以肅為贊軍校尉,助畫方略。) Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ (七縣平定,拜征虜中郎將, ... 曹公至赤壁,與周瑜等俱拒破之, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
- ^ (以蒙為橫野中郎將,賜錢千萬。 ... 是歲,又與周瑜、程普等西破曹公於烏林,圍曹仁於南郡。) Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ (後以中郎將與周瑜等拒破曹公, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (遷丹楊都尉,抑彊扶弱,山越懷附。 ... 建安中,隨周瑜拒曹公於赤壁,建策火攻,語在瑜傳。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (權以統為承烈都尉, ... 與周瑜等拒破曹公於烏林, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (後從攻皖,及討江夏,還過豫章,復補宜春長, ... 後與周瑜、程普拒曹公於赤壁,攻曹仁於南郡。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (後隨周瑜拒破曹公於烏林。) Sanguozhi vol. 55.
- ^ (江表傳曰: ... 權撫背曰:「 ... 五萬兵難卒合,已選三萬人,船糧戰具俱辦,卿與子敬、程公便在前發,孤當續發人衆,多載資糧,為卿後援。 ... 」) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 54.
- ^ a b c d e (江表傳曰:備從魯肅計,進住鄂縣之樊口。諸葛亮詣吳未還,備聞曹公軍下,恐懼,日遣邏吏於水次候望權軍。吏望見瑜船,馳往白備,備曰:「何以知之非青徐軍邪?」吏對曰:「以船知之。」備遣人慰勞之。瑜曰:「有軍任,不可得委署,儻能屈威,誠副其所望。」備謂關羽、張飛曰:「彼欲致我,我今自結託於東而不往,非同盟之意也。」乃乘單舸往見瑜,問曰:「今拒曹公,深為得計。戰卒有幾?」瑜曰:「三萬人。」備曰:「恨少。」瑜曰:「此自足用,豫州但觀瑜破之。」備欲呼魯肅等共會語,瑜曰:「受命不得妄委署,若欲見子敬,可別過之。又孔明已俱來,不過三兩日到也。」備雖深愧異瑜,而心未許之能必破北軍也,故差池在後,將二千人與羽、飛俱,未肯係瑜,蓋為進退之計也。) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ^ a b (權大恱,即遣周瑜、程普、魯肅等水軍三萬,隨亮詣先主,并力拒曹公。 ... 曹公敗于赤壁, ...) Sanguozhi vol. 35.
- ^ (表先主為左將軍, ... 與曹公戰于赤壁,大破之,焚其舟船。) Sanguozhi vol. 32.
- ^ (曹公禽羽以歸,拜為偏將軍,禮之甚厚。) Sanguozhi vol. 36.
- ^ (... 曹公拜飛為中郎將。) Sanguozhi vol. 36.
- ^ a b (亮曰:「豫州軍雖敗於長阪,今戰士還者及關羽水軍精甲萬人,劉琦合江夏戰士亦不下萬人。 ...) Sanguozhi vol. 35.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
- Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.