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Open Compute Project

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Open Compute Project
AbbreviationOCP
Formation2011; 13 years ago (2011)
TypeIndustry trade group
PurposeSharing designs of data center products
Region
Worldwide
Membership
50+ corporations
Websiteopencompute.org

The Open Compute Project (OCP) is an organization that facilitates the sharing of data center product designs and industry best practices among companies.[1][2] Founded in 2011, OCP has significantly influenced the design and operation of large-scale computing facilities worldwide.[1]

As of July 2024, over 50 companies across the world are members of OCP, including Arm, Meta, IBM, Wiwynn, Intel, Nokia, Google, Microsoft, Seagate Technology, Dell, Rackspace, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, NVIDIA, Cisco, Goldman Sachs, Fidelity, Lenovo, Accton Technology Corporation and Alibaba Group.[1][3][2]

Structure

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Open Compute V2 Server
Open Compute V2 Drive Tray,
2nd lower tray extended

The Open Compute Project Foundation is a 501(c)(6) non-profit incorporated in the state of Delaware, United States. OCP has multiple committees, including the board of directors, advisory board and steering committee to govern its operations.

As of July 2020, there are seven members who serve on the board of directors which is made up of one individual member and six organizational members. Mark Roenigk (Facebook) is the Foundation's president and chairman. Andy Bechtolsheim is the individual member. In addition to Mark Roenigk who represents Facebook, other organizations on the Open Compute board of directors include Intel (Rebecca Weekly), Microsoft (Kushagra Vaid), Google (Partha Ranganathan), and Rackspace (Jim Hawkins).[4]

A current list of members can be found on the opencompute.org website.

History

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The Open Compute Project began in Facebook as an internal project in 2009 called "Project Freedom". The hardware designs and engineering team were led by Amir Michael (Manager, Hardware Design)[5][6][7] and sponsored by Jonathan Heiliger (VP, Technical Operations) and Frank Frankovsky (Director, Hardware Design and Infrastructure). The three would later open source the designs of Project Freedom and co-found the Open Compute Project.[8][9] The project was announced at a press event at Facebook's headquarters in Palo Alto on April 7, 2011.[10]

OCP projects

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The Open Compute Project Foundation maintains a number of OCP projects, such as:

Server designs

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Two years after the Open Compute Project had started, with regards to a more modular server design, it was admitted that "the new design is still a long way from live data centers".[11] However, some aspects published were used in Facebook's Prineville data center to improve energy efficiency, as measured by the power usage effectiveness index defined by The Green Grid.[12]

Efforts to advance server compute node designs included one for Intel processors and one for AMD processors. In 2013, Calxeda contributed a design with ARM architecture processors.[13] Since then, several generations of OCP server designs have been deployed: Wildcat (Intel), Spitfire (AMD), Windmill (Intel E5-2600), Watermark (AMD), Winterfell (Intel E5-2600 v2) and Leopard (Intel E5-2600 v3).[14][15]

OCP Accelerator Module

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OCP Accelerator Module (OAM) is a design specification for hardware architectures that implement artificial intelligence systems that require high module-to-module bandwidth.[16]

OAM is used in some of AMD's Instinct accelerator modules.

Rack and Power designs

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The designs for a mechanical mounting system have been published, so that open racks have the same outside width (600 mm) and depth as standard 19-inch racks, but are designed to mount wider chassis with a 537 mm width (21 inches). This allows more equipment to fit in the same volume and improves air flow. Compute chassis sizes are defined in multiples of an OpenU or OU, which is 48 mm, slightly taller than the typical 44mm rack unit. The most current base mechanical specifications were defined and published by Meta as the Open Rack V3 Base Specification in 2022, with significant contributions from Google and Rittal.[17]

At the time the base specification was released, Meta also defined in greater depth the specifications for the rectifiers and power shelf.[18][19] Specifications for the power monitoring interface (PMI), a communications interface enabling upstream communications between the rectifiers and battery backup unit(BBU) were published by Meta that same year, with Delta Electronics as the main technical contributor to the BBU spec.[20]

Since 2022 however, the power demands of AI in the data center has necessitated higher power requirements in order to fulfill the heavy power demands of newer data center processors that have since been released. Meta is currently in the process of updating its Open Rack v3 rectifier, power shelf, battery backup and power management interface specifications to account for these new more powerful AI architectures being used.

In May 2024, at an Open Compute regional summit, Meta and Rittal outlined their plans for development of their High Power Rack (HPR) ecosystem in conjunction with rack, power and cable partners, increasing the power capacity in the rack to 92 kilowatts or more of power, enabling the higher power needs of the latest generation of processors.[21] At the same meeting, Delta Electronics and Advanced Energy introduced their progress in developing new Open Compute standards specifying power shelf and rectifier designs for these HPR applications.[22] Rittal also outlined their collaboration with Meta in designing airflow containment, busbar designs and grounding schemes to the new HPR requirements.[23]

Data storage

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Open Vault storage building blocks offer high disk densities, with 30 drives in a 2U Open Rack chassis designed for easy disk drive replacement. The 3.5 inch disks are stored in two drawers, five across and three deep in each drawer, with connections via serial attached SCSI.[24] This storage is also called Knox, and there is also a cold storage variant where idle disks power down to reduce energy consumption.[25] Another design concept was contributed by Hyve Solutions, a division of Synnex in 2012.[26][27] At the OCP Summit 2016 Facebook together with Taiwanese ODM Wistron's spin-off Wiwynn introduced Lightning, a flexible NVMe JBOF (just a bunch of flash), based on the existing Open Vault (Knox) design.[28][29]

Energy efficient data centers

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The OCP has published data center designs for energy efficiency. These include power distribution at 277 VAC, which eliminates one transformer stage in typical data centers, a single voltage (12.5 VDC) power supply designed to work with 277 VAC input, and 48 VDC battery backup.[12]

Open networking switches

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See also: SONiC (operating system)

On May 8, 2013, an effort to define an open network switch was announced.[30] The plan was to allow Facebook to load its own operating system software onto the switch. Press reports predicted that more expensive and higher-performance switches would continue to be popular, while less expensive products treated more like a commodity (using the buzzword "top-of-rack") might adopt the proposal.[31]

The first attempt at an open networking switch by Facebook was designed together with Taiwanese ODM Accton using Broadcom Trident II chip and is called Wedge, the Linux OS that it runs is called FBOSS.[32][33][34] Later switch contributions include "6-pack" and Wedge-100, based on Broadcom Tomahawk chips.[35] Similar switch hardware designs have been contributed by: Accton Technology Corporation (and its Edgecore Networks subsidiary), Mellanox Technologies, Interface Masters Technologies, Agema Systems.[36] Capable of running Open Network Install Environment (ONIE)-compatible network operating systems such as Cumulus Linux, Switch Light OS by Big Switch Networks, or PICOS by Pica8.[37] A similar project for a custom switch for the Google platform had been rumored, and evolved to use the OpenFlow protocol.[38][39]

Servers

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Sub-project for Mezzanine (NIC) OCP NIC 3.0 specification 1v00 was released in late 2019 establishing 3 form factors: SFF, TSFF, and LFF .[40][41]

Litigation

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In March, 2015,[42] BladeRoom Group Limited and Bripco (UK) Limited sued Facebook, Emerson Electric Co. and others alleging that Facebook has disclosed BladeRoom and Bripco's trade secrets for prefabricated data centers in the Open Compute Project.[43] Facebook petitioned for the lawsuit to be dismissed,[44] but this was rejected in 2017.[45] A confidential mid-trial settlement was agreed in April 2018.[46]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Metz, Cade (11 Apr 2015). "How Facebook Changed the Basic Tech That Runs the Internet". Wired.
  2. ^ a b "Open Compute Project".
  3. ^ "Incubation Committee". Open Compute. Retrieved 2016-08-19.
  4. ^ "Organization and Board". Open Compute. Archived from the original on 2015-09-26. Retrieved 2015-09-12.
  5. ^ "Facebook Follows Google to Data Center Savings". Data Center Knowledge. 2009-11-27. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  6. ^ "Oxide Computer Company: On the Metal: Amir Michael". Oxide Computer Company. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  7. ^ "Facebook Hacks Shipping Dock Into World-Class Server Lab". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  8. ^ "Why I Started the Open Compute Project – Vertex Ventures". Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  9. ^ "Introducing the Open Compute Project - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  10. ^ "Facebook Opens its Server, Data Center Designs". Data Center Knowledge. 2011-04-07. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
  11. ^ Metz, Cade (January 16, 2013). "Facebook Shatters the Computer Server Into Tiny Pieces". Wired. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  12. ^ a b Michael, Amir (February 15, 2012). "Facebook's Open Compute Project". Stanford EE Computer Systems Colloquium. Stanford University. (video archive)
  13. ^ Schnell, Tom (January 16, 2013). "ARM Server Motherboard Design for Open Vault Chassis Hardware v0.3 MB-draco-hesperides-0.3" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 23, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  14. ^ Data Center Knowledge (April 28, 2016). "Guide to Facebook's Open Source Data Center Hardware". Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  15. ^ Register, The (January 17, 2013). "Facebook rolls out new web and database server designs". The Register. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  16. ^ Ledin, Jim (2020-04-30). Modern Computer Architecture and Organization. Birmingham Mumbai: Packt Publishing Ltd. p. 361. ISBN 978-1-83898-710-7.
  17. ^ Charest, Glenn; Mills, Steve; Vorreiter, Loren. "Open Rack V3 Base Specification". opencompute.org. Meta. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  18. ^ Keyhani, Hamid; Tang, Ted; Shapiro, Dmitriy; Fernandes, John; Kim, Ben; Jin, Tiffany; Mercado, Rommel. "Open Rack V3 48V PSU Specification Rev: 1.0". opencompute.org. Meta. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  19. ^ Keyhani, Hamid; Shapiro, Dmitriy; Fernandes, John; Kim, Ben; Jin, Tiffany; Mercado, Rommel. "Open Rack V3 Power Shelf Rev 1.0 Specification". opencompute.org. Meta. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  20. ^ Sun, David; Shapiro, Dmitriy; Kim, Ben; Athavale, Jayati; Mercado, Rommel. "Open Rack V3 48V BBU Specification Rev: 1.4". opencompute.org. Meta. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  21. ^ Open Compute Project. "ORv3 High Power Rack (HPR) Ecosystem Solution". youtube.com. Youtube. Retrieved 25 September 2024. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  22. ^ Open Compute Project. "Requirements/Considerations of Next Generation ORv3 PSU and Power Shelves". Youtube. Youtube. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  23. ^ Open Compute Project. "ORv3 High Power Rack (HPR) Ecosystem Solution". Youtube. youtube. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  24. ^ Mike Yan and Jon Ehlen (January 16, 2013). "Open Vault Storage Hardware V0.7 OR-draco-bueana-0.7" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 21, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  25. ^ "Under the hood: Facebook's cold storage system". May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  26. ^ "Hyve Solutions Contributes Storage Design Concept to OCP Community". News release. January 17, 2013. Archived from the original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  27. ^ Malone, Conor (January 15, 2012). "Torpedo Design Concept Storage Server for Open Rack Hardware v0.3 ST-draco-chimera-0.3" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 21, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  28. ^ Petersen, Chris (March 9, 2016). "Introducing Lightning: A flexible NVMe JBOF". Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  29. ^ "Wiwynn Showcases All-Flash Storage Product with Leading-edge NVMe Technology". March 9, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  30. ^ Jay Hauser for Frank Frankovsky (May 8, 2013). "Up next for the Open Compute Project: The Network". Open Compute blog. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
  31. ^ Chernicoff, David (May 9, 2013). "Can Open Compute change network switching?". ZDNet. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  32. ^ "Facebook Open Switching System (FBOSS) from Facebook". SDxCentral. Archived from the original on October 1, 2018 – via Internet Archive.
  33. ^ "Introducing "Wedge" and "FBOSS," the next steps toward a disaggregated network". Meet the engineers who code Facebook. June 18, 2014. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  34. ^ "Facebook Open Switching System ("FBOSS") and Wedge in the open". Meet the engineers who code Facebook. March 10, 2015. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  35. ^ "Opening designs for 6-pack and Wedge 100". Meet the engineers who code Facebook. March 9, 2016. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  36. ^ "Accepted or shared hardware specifications". Open Compute. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  37. ^ "Current Network Operating System (NOS) List". Open Compute. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  38. ^ Metz, Cade (May 8, 2013). "Facebook Rattles Networking World With 'Open Source' Gear". Wired. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  39. ^ Levy, Steven (April 17, 2012). "Going With the Flow: Google's Secret Switch to the Next Wave of Networking". Wired. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  40. ^ "Server/Mezz - OpenCompute". www.opencompute.org. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
  41. ^ Kumar, Rohit (2022-05-02). "OCP NIC 3.0 Form Factors The Quick Guide". ServeTheHome. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
  42. ^ "BladeRoom Group Limited et al v. Facebook, Inc". Justia. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  43. ^ "ORDER granting in part and denying in part 128 Motion to Dismiss". Justia. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  44. ^ Greene, Kat (10 May 2016). "Facebook Wants Data Center Trade Secrets Suit Tossed". Law360. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  45. ^ SVERDLIK, YEVGENIY (17 February 2017). "Court Throws Out Facebook's Motion to Dismiss Data Center Design Lawsuit". Data center Knowledge. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  46. ^ "Facebook settles $365m modular datacentre IP theft case with UK-based BladeRoom Group". Computer Weekly. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
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