Chichibu, Saitama
Chichibu
秩父市 | |
|---|---|
 View of central Chichibu, from Hitsujiyama Park | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location of Chichibu in Saitama Prefecture | |
  Chichibu | |
| Coordinates: 35°59′30.4″N 139°5′7.7″E / 35.991778°N 139.085472°E | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Kantō |
| Prefecture | Saitama |
| First official recorded | 88 BC (official) |
| City established | April 1, 1950 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Atsushi Kitabori (since May 2021) |
| Area | |
• Total | 577.83 km2 (223.10 sq mi) |
| Population (January 1, 2021) | |
• Total | 61,159 |
| • Density | 110/km2 (270/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) |
| Phone number | 0494-22-2211 |
| Address | 8-15 Kumaki, Chichibu, Saitama 368-8686 |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | Official website |
| Symbols | |
| Bird | Blue-and-white flycatcher |
| Flower | Shiba-zakura |
| Tree | Kaede |
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Chichibu (秩父市, Chichibu-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021[update], the city had an estimated population of 61,159 in 26,380 households and a population density of 110 inhabitants per square kilometre (280/sq mi).[1] The total area of the city is 577.83 square kilometres (223.10 sq mi).
Geography
[edit]
Chichibu is in the westernmost part of Saitama. Unlike other parts of the prefecture, it is largely mountainous and the population is concentrated in river terraces along the Arakawa River. It is Saitama's largest municipality in terms of surface area and shares borders with Tokyo, Yamanashi, Nagano and Gunma Prefectures. A large portion of the city belongs to Chichibu-Tama-Kai National Park.[2]
Because the region is not suitable for growing rice, many people have traditionally depended on sericulture (silk farming). Limestone from Mount Bukō, which rises south of the city center, is another major source of income for the region. The city is shifting its focus toward sightseeing, taking advantage of its rich natural environment and relative closeness to the Tokyo metropolitan area. The city is also famous for its brewing industry.
Surrounding municipalities
[edit]Climate
[edit]Chichibu has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Chichibu is 13.2 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1325 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.8 °C, and lowest in January, at around 6.0 °C.[3]
| Climate data for Chichibu (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1926−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) |
26.6 (79.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
33.0 (91.4) |
37.2 (99.0) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.2 (102.6) |
39.3 (102.7) |
38.0 (100.4) |
32.4 (90.3) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.1 (77.2) |
39.3 (102.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
13.5 (56.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.8 (85.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.8 (69.4) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
4.0 (39.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
0.7 (33.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
8.5 (47.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.8 (3.6) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.1 (43.0) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−15.8 (3.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40.3 (1.59) |
30.8 (1.21) |
69.0 (2.72) |
88.0 (3.46) |
102.4 (4.03) |
145.4 (5.72) |
192.0 (7.56) |
188.4 (7.42) |
236.7 (9.32) |
204.1 (8.04) |
47.5 (1.87) |
30.7 (1.21) |
1,375.3 (54.15) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 15 (5.9) |
12 (4.7) |
6 (2.4) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.8) |
36 (14) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.3 | 3.8 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 10.6 | 11.5 | 8.9 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 96.3 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 3 cm) | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 5.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 64 | 62 | 64 | 67 | 71 | 79 | 81 | 80 | 83 | 82 | 79 | 71 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 205.5 | 193.1 | 189.7 | 186.3 | 179.5 | 123.0 | 133.4 | 152.4 | 113.6 | 128.7 | 163.7 | 192.3 | 1,968.1 |
| Source: JMA[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]Per Japanese census data,[6] the population of Chichibu has decreased gradually over the past 60 years.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 78,285 | — |
| 1960 | 82,811 | +5.8% |
| 1970 | 78,764 | −4.9% |
| 1980 | 76,875 | −2.4% |
| 1990 | 75,845 | −1.3% |
| 2000 | 73,875 | −2.6% |
| 2010 | 66,955 | −9.4% |
| 2020 | 59,674 | −10.9% |
History
[edit]Chichibu was incorporated as a city on April 1, 1950, although Chichibu Province had already existed since before the Nara period and the region has developed many local traditions. Chichibu Province was incorporated into Musashi Province in the 7th century AD. During premodern times, the town developed as a marketplace of the district as well as the town around Chichibu Shrine. The city's older name, Ōmiya ("big shrine"), was derived from the shrine. Since its incorporation in 1950, the area of the city has grown through a series of mergers, the most recent in 2005.
Timeline
[edit]- 708: Deposits of copper are discovered in the region and offered to the Imperial Court. The era name Wadō (和銅, meaning "Japanese copper") is proclaimed in recognition of this welcome event in the initial months of Empress Genmei's reign.[7] The copper is used to mint Wadō Kaihō or Wadōkaichin, which are amongst the oldest examples of coinage in Japan.-- see image of Wado Kaichin from Japan Mint Museum
- 1884: The Chichibu incident: uprising of impoverished peasants under the influence of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement. Seven are sentenced to death and over 4,000 people punished.
- 1889: Ōmiya Town was founded within Chichibu District, Saitama with the establishment of the municipalities system
- 1914: The Chichibu Railway opened.
- 1916: Ōmiya Town was renamed Chichibu Town.
- 1950: Chichibu was elevated to city status.
- 1954: Chichibu absorbed the villages of Odamaki, Haraya and Kuna.
- 1957: Chichibu absorbed the villages of Takashino and Ōta.
- 1958: Chichibu absorbed the town of Kagemori.
- 1969: The Seibu Chichibu Line opened.
- 2005: Chichibu absorbed the town of Yoshida, and the villages of Arakawa and Ōtaki (all from Chichibu District).
Government
[edit]Chichibu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 22 members. Chichibu contributes one member to the Saitama Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Saitama 11th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Economy
[edit]The local economy of Chichibu remains based on agriculture and forestry, as well as tourism.
Education
[edit]Chichibu has 14 public elementary schools and eight public middle schools operated by the city government, and two public high schools operated by the Saitama Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the handicapped.
Transportation
[edit]Railway
[edit]Two lines serve the city: the Chichibu Main Line and Seibu Chichibu Line. The Chichibu Railway was constructed along the Arakawa River and first opened in 1914. Seibu Railway reached the city in 1969 and considerably reduced the travel time to Tokyo. It takes approximately one and a half hours to travel from Seibu-Chichibu Station to Ikebukuro Station, one of the major train terminals in Tokyo. These lines carry people as well as limestone from Mount Bukō. The two lines were directly connected on April 1, 1989. Chichibu Railway also operated the Mitsumine Ropeway, which carried passengers visiting Mitsumine Shrine. The ropeway was taken out of service since May 19, 2006, and was officially abandoned on December 1, 2007.[8]
Seibu Railway – Seibu Chichibu Line
Chichibu Railway – Chichibu Main Line
- Wadō-Kuroya – Ōnohara – Chichibu – Ohanabatake – Kagemori – Urayamaguchi – Bushū-Nakagawa – Bushū-Hino – Shiroku – Mitsumineguchi
Highway
[edit]Two national roads, Route 140 and 299, serve the city. Route 140 connects the city to its nearest expressway interchange, Hanazono Interchange of the Kan-Etsu Expressway. The city had no road communication to Yamanashi Prefecture due to steep Okuchichibu Mountains, but the opening of the Karisaka Tunnel in 1998 enabled the city to connect to Yamanashi.[9]
Sister cities
[edit]
Toshima, Tokyo, since October 14, 1983- Sanyō-Onoda, Yamaguchi, since May 20, 1996
Antioch, California, United States, since September 16, 1967
Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea, since February 16, 1983[10]
Linfen, Shanxi Province, China, since October 7, 1988[10]
Warringah, Australia, since April 26, 1996[10]
Yasothon, Yasothon Province, Thailand, since May 6, 1999[10]
Local attractions
[edit]-
Ryusei festival in Yoshida town -
Icicles of the Misotsuchi -
Chichibu Night Traditional Festival -
Hitsujiyama-park Phlox subulata -
A main gate in Chichibu Shrine
On December 3, Chichibu holds an annual night festival (Intangible cultural heritage). It attracts crowds from Chichibu, Saitama prefecture, neighboring Tokyo, and the Kantō region. Kawase matsuri is Chichibu shrine's summer festival. It takes place every July 19 and July 20. Eight groups carrying special dashi floats march along to festival music around the city. Mikoshi (sacred portable shrines) are brought to special places in each neighborhood where they are enshrined. Neighborhood association heads wash the mikoshi in the Arakawa River.
Other attractions of the city include:
- Chichibu 34 Kannon Pilgrimage
- Chichibu Muse Park
- Chichibu Shrine
- Hitsujiyama Park
- Lake Chichibu
- Mitsumine Shrine
- Nakatsugawa Gorge
- Okuchichibu Mountains
In popular media
[edit]As a picturesque area within fairly easy reach of Tokyo, Chichibu has been much photographed. However, the photography of Chichibu by the Chichibu native Bukō Shimizu (1913–1995) is particularly extensive: Shimizu presented photographs of the mountains, people and customs of Chichibu in numerous books for the Japanese market, starting in 1954.[11][12]
The town of Chichibu is the setting for the popular anime series Anohana: The Flower We Saw That Day and the anime films The Anthem of the Heart and Her Blue Sky, all of which were written by Mari Okada who was born in Chichibu.
Possible connection with The Mikado
[edit]The city considers itself as the inspiration for Gilbert and Sullivan's 1885 comic opera, The Mikado; the name of the opera's setting, "Titipu", is pronounced "Chichipu" in Japanese. Rokusuke Ei, a popular essayist, was convinced that Chichibu, the site of a peasant uprising in 1884, inspired the author, W. S. Gilbert, to set the opera in Japan. Other Japanese researchers have concluded that Gilbert may simply have heard of Chichibu silk, an important export in the 19th century. A theatre company from Chichibu first presented The Mikado in Japanese in Chichibu on March 10, 2001, performed by local actors, and throughout other locations in Japan.[13][14] In August 2006, it travelled with this production to the International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival in Buxton, England.[15]
Notable people from Chichibu
[edit]- Seijuro Arafune, Former Minister of Transport
- Tatsuya Fujiwara, actor[16]
- Wakachichibu Komei, former sumo wrestler
- Arisa Nakajima, professional wrestler[17]
- Mari Okada, screenwriter and director[18]
- Akihito Ozawa, footballer
- Bukō Shimizu, photographer[12]
- Akira Taue, professional wrestler[19]
References
[edit]- ^ "Chichibu city official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
- ^ "環境省_秩父多摩甲斐国立公園_概要・計画書".
- ^ Chichibu climate data
- ^ 観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）. JMA. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. JMA. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
- ^ Chichibu population statistics
- ^ Titsingh, Issac. (1834). Nipon o daï itsi ran, p. 63.
- ^ "12月に廃止 撤去へ 休止中の「三峰ロープウェイ」 秩父市「日本一の階段」検討". Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
- ^ 雁坂トンネル Archived 2007-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d "International Exchange". List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures. Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR). Archived from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- ^ Mihashi Sumiyo (三橋純予), "Shimizu Bukō", Nihon shashinka jiten (日本写真家事典) / 328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers (Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2000; ISBN 4-473-01750-8), p.175. (in Japanese) (Despite the English-language alternative title, all in Japanese.)
- ^ a b 埼玉ゆかりの偉人/検索結果（詳細）/清水 武甲 (in Japanese). Saitama, Japan: Saitama Prefecture. 19 March 2010. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
- ^ Sumiko Enbutsu: The Mikado in the Town of Chichibu Archived February 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Brooke, James. "Japanese Hail The Mikado, Long-Banned Imperial Spoof", The New York Times, 3 April 2003, accessed 15 July 2014
- ^ [1] Archived September 4, 2006, at the Wayback Machine; and [2]
- ^ Internet Movie Database
- ^ "JWP女子プロレス 中島安里紗" [JWP Female Professional Wrestling: Arisa Nakajima]. JWP Official Information (in Japanese). Japan: JWP Female Professional Wrestling. 2005. Archived from the original on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
- ^ Mari Okada IMDB
- ^ "Akira Taue profile". Pro Wrestling NOAH Official Site (in Japanese). Japan: NOAH. Archived from the original on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
Further reading
[edit]- Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. ...Click link for digitized, full-text copy of this book (in French)
External links
[edit]
- Official Website (in Japanese)
- Chichibu Area Tourism Organization
- Institute Chichibu tourism organizations
- The Hall of Curious Stones, a private museum in Chichibu]
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