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Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B

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S-70 Okhotnik-B
S-70 prototype 071 taxiing after 2019 maiden flight
Role Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
National origin Russia
Manufacturer Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association Plant
Designer Sukhoi
Mikoyan
First flight 3 August 2019[1]
Introduction 2024
Status In development
Primary user Russian Aerospace Forces
Produced 2019–present
Number built 2
Developed from Mikoyan Skat
Sukhoi Su-57
External videos
Russian MoD Okhotnik coverage
video icon Okhotnik's maiden flight on YouTube
video icon Extended video of the first test flight on YouTube
video icon Okhotnik's first flight with Su-57 on YouTube
S-70 Okhotnik-B

The Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B (Russian: Сухой С-70 "Охотник", lit. 'Hunter'), also referred to as Hunter-B,[2][3] is a Russian heavy unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) that was being developed during the 2010s by Sukhoi and Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG.[4] Several prototypes underwent flight testing in 2019–2023[5] and, as of January 2024, it was projected that production could begin as early as the second half of 2024.[6]

The drone is based on the earlier Mikoyan Skat, designed by MiG,[4] encompassing some technologies of the fifth-generation Sukhoi Su-57 fighter jet.[7][8] As of 2021, it was projected to act under the control of pilots of Su-57 jets in a potential future version, similar to the USAF Skyborg program.[9][10]

First operational use was reported in July 2023 as a reconnaissance flight over Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[11] and an out of control S-70 was deliberately shot down by a Russian Su-57 over Ukraine in October 2024.[12][13][14]

Development

[edit]

The Okhotnik has been under development since at least 2011, when Sukhoi was selected by the Russian Defense Ministry to lead a programme for a new heavy unmanned reconnaissance and attack drone.[15][16] The new UCAV is being jointly developed by MiG and Sukhoi, based on data of the earlier Mikoyan Skat UCAV programme.[4] The work is carried out by the Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association (NAPO), part of the Sukhoi company. In the documents, the drone is characterised as a "sixth-generation unmanned aerial vehicle".[16]

The first mock-up intended for ground tests was created in 2014.[16] Prototype of the drone was first revealed in July 2017, showing the drone's flying wing configuration.[17]

In November 2018, the drone performed first series of taxiing, speeding and stopping tests in fully autonomous mode at a runway of the NAPO plant. During the runs, it reached a maximum speed of 200 km/h.[18][19][better source needed]

On 18 January 2019, the third flyable Su-57 prototype (bort no. 053) was spotted wearing a new digital camouflage paint scheme, with digital silhouette of the Okhotnik on its top and underside and unique markings on the vertical tail showing the shape of a UCAV flying alongside the shape of Su-57 with a lightning bolt (universally used to show electronic connectivity and data sharing) between the two.[20] On 24 January 2019, first flyable prototype of the drone was seen towed at the NAPO plant.[21][better source needed] According to Russian officials, the Su-57 is being used as a flying laboratory for the testing of the Okhotnik's avionics systems.[8]

In late May 2019, Okhotnik performed a series of flight tests during which the drone flew several meters above a runway of the NAPO plant.[22]

On 3 August 2019, Okhotnik performed its maiden flight. The drone flew for about 20 minutes at an altitude of 600 meters above Chkalov State Flight Test Center in Akhtubinsk, and made several circles around the airfield.[1] On August 7, the Russian Defence Ministry released a video of the first flight.[23]

On 27 September 2019, Russian MoD released a video showcasing the first flight of Okhotnik alongside Su-57. Reportedly the UAV flew autonomously for more than 30 minutes, interacting with the Su-57 to test extending the fighter's radar and target designation range to enable use of long-range air-launched weapons from outside enemy air defenses.[24]

On 12 February 2021, it was reported that three additional prototypes were under construction at the Novosibirsk Chkalov Aviation Plant, according to a source in the military-industrial complex. The second model is a modified copy of the 1st prototype, with the 3rd and 4th prototypes identical to the serial production unit. Improvements relate to the systems of onboard radio-electronic equipment and structural elements of the airframe. The three additional prototypes were expected to be ready for flight tests in 2022 and 2023. The source in the military-industrial complex also said that the production Hunter would receive a standard flat nozzle to further reduce thermal and radar signature.[25]

On 28 February 2021, it was reported that the Okhotnik would be used aboard the future Project 23900 Ivan Rogov amphibious assault ships, capable of carrying 4 Okhotnik drones, for reconnaissance and strike missions.[26]

In December 2021, a second prototype with a new flat jet nozzle and no afterburner was shown being towed out of a hangar.[27][28]

Okhotnik reportedly tested unguided weapons such as free-fall bombs in 2021, and carried out tests with precision-guided munitions in 2022.[28]

In August 2023, it was reported that state tests for the Okhotnik would be completed by the end of 2023, with the drone expected to enter mass production in 2024.[5] The vice-governor of Novosibirsk oblast said in January 2024 that serial production of Okhotnik would begin in the second half of 2024.[6]

Design

[edit]
The S-70 prototype has a non-stealthy circular exhaust

The Okhotnik's design is based on the flying-wing scheme and incorporates use of composite materials and stealth coatings, reducing the drone's radar cross section in flight.[29] It has a weight of about 20 tons and a wingspan of around 65 feet (20 m). The drone is powered either by a single AL-31F turbofan, as used on the Sukhoi Su-27 fighter aircraft, or by the improved AL-41F derivative installed on Su-35S fighters and Su-57 prototypes.[citation needed] The maximum speed of the drone is reportedly 1,000 km/h while carrying its payload internally.[16]

The aircraft bears some visual resemblance to the U.S. RQ-170.[30] It is speculated that the Russian engineers could have had access to the one that was captured by Iranians,[31] but the similarly designed flying-wing Mikoyan Skat had already been in development since 2005, and the Okhotnik is a further development by Sukhoi of the former MiG design.[32]

It is likely that the Okhotnik was designed to act as a "loyal wingman" controlled by the Su-57.[33] The S-70 that was shot down in October 2024 during a test flight was deliberately downed by its accompanying Su-57. From an analysis of the wreckage a Ukrainian analyst reported that for guidance the S-70 relies on a basic radio link using the accompanying Su-57 as relay, as opposed to something network-centric like NATO's Link-16, and characterized the S-70 as "more like a glider equipped with basic flight capabilities and radio controls."[12]

Non-stealth features

[edit]

While a S-70 model shown at the 2019 MAKS International Aviation and Space Salon has low-observable apertures, the first prototype's exhaust nozzle is conventional, providing no reduction of infrared signature or radar cross section.[34][35]

After a preliminary analysis of the wreckage of the drone shot down in October 2024, a Ukrainian analyst said that it did not have any stealth polymers.[12]

Operational history

[edit]

On 1 July 2023, one of the reportedly two operational S-70 was photographed while flying over the Sumy region in apparent aerial reconnaissance during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[11]

2024 crash in Ukraine

[edit]
At 10:43 (UTC) on the day of the crash NASA's FIRMS detected a fire near a row of farm houses between Chasiv Yar and Kostiantynivka

On 5 October 2024, an S-70 was shot down by an air-to-air missile from a Russian Su-57, near Kostiantynivka, in Ukraine.[12][36][37][38]

Together the S-70 and the Su-57 had taken off from Akhtubinsk Air Base 365 miles (587 km) behind the front line for an operational test flight. The drone apparently lost contact with its ground control and flew in the direction of Ukrainian-controlled territory. By the time attempts to regain control had been abandoned, the drone had crossed the front line into Ukraine and, subsequently, the Russian Su-57 deliberately shot it down.[12] Identifiable pieces of the wreckage included a large, fairly intact portion of a wing and burned parts of a UMPB D-30SN glide bomb and a turbofan engine.[39][40][41] The crash site was reportedly targeted by a Russian Iskander ballistic missile in an apparent attempt to deny Ukraine and its allies access to the wreckage, but crash site footage indicated that the wreckage had already been recovered by Ukrainian police for further analysis.[41][42][43]

Specifications (Sukhoi S-70)

[edit]

Data from TASS,[16] Ainonline[33]

General characteristics

  • Crew: None
  • Wingspan: 20 m (65 ft)
  • Empty weight: 10,000 to 20,000 kg (22,046 to 44,092 lb) [44] (not confirmed)
  • Max takeoff weight: 25,000 kg (55,116 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × AL-41F derivative

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 1,000 km/h (620 mph, 540 kn) 0.82 Mach
  • Range: 6,000 km (3,700 mi, 3,200 nmi)
  • Combat range: 3,000 km (1,900 mi, 1,600 nmi) (Less than )

Armament

  • 2 internal weapons bays for up to 2,000 kg of guided and unguided munitions

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Russian heavy strike drone Okhotnik makes first flight". TASS. 3 August 2019. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  2. ^ "Russian combat UAV Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik made first flight | August 2019 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2019 | Archive News year". 5 August 2019.
  3. ^ "Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  4. ^ a b c "RSK MiG will work together with Sukhoi on a future unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV), using experience gained on its Skat programme". Flight Global. 11 August 2011. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  5. ^ a b "ТАСС: испытания беспилотника "Охотник" завершатся в 2023 году" [TASS: tests of the Okhotnyk drone will end in 2023]. военное.рф (in Russian). 9 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Серийный выпуск БПЛА "Охотник" в Новосибирске начнется во второй половине 2024 года" [Serial production of the Okhotnik UAV in Novosibirsk will begin in the second half of 2024]. www.aex.ru. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
  7. ^ "How Good Is Russia's New Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B "Hunter" Stealth Drone? | The National Interest". 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-11-11.
  8. ^ a b "Источник: системы БПЛА "Охотник" испытывают на Су-57" [Source: Okhotnik UAV systems are being tested on the Su-57]. TASS. 29 January 2019. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  9. ^ "Russia is testing its own 'loyal wingman' drone for its Su-57 stealth fighter". businessinsider.com. 7 December 2020.
  10. ^ "S-70 Okhotnik: news from the Russian Loyal Wingman". aviacionline.com. 14 December 2021.
  11. ^ a b Nikolov, Boyko (2023-07-01). "UCAV shaped and sized as a Russian S-70 spotted over Ukraine". bulgarianmilitary.com. Retrieved 2024-10-05.
  12. ^ a b c d e Malyasov, Dylan (2024-10-06). "New details emerge on Russia's S-70 drone loss over Ukraine". defence-blog.com. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  13. ^ Rare Russian S-70 Okhotnik Stealth Drone Reportedly Shot Down Over Donetsk in Ukraine, Global Defense News, 6 October 2024, retrieved 7 October 2024.
  14. ^ "Mystery of Russia's secret weapon downed in Ukraine". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
  15. ^ "Новые детали НИР "Охотник-Б" и проекта беспилотного летательного аппарата С-70" [New details of the Okhotnyk-B R&D and the S-70 unmanned aerial vehicle project]. bmpd.livejournal.com (in Russian). 30 July 2017. Archived from the original on 8 November 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  16. ^ a b c d e "Russia's attack drone prototype to start test flights this year". TASS. 8 July 2018. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  17. ^ "Russian Ministry of Defence Released a Video of First UAV Okhotnik Flight". 7 August 2019.
  18. ^ "Источник: тяжёлый беспилотник "Охотник" на испытаниях разогнался на полосе до 200 км/ч" [Source: heavy unmanned aerial vehicle "Hunter" accelerated to 200 km/h during tests]. TASS (in Russian). 23 November 2018. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  19. ^ "Russian Okhotnik combat drone develops speed of up to 200 km at trials". armyrecognition.com. 26 November 2018. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  20. ^ Trevithick, Tyler Rogoway and Joseph (23 January 2019). "Is This Russia's 'Hunter' Stealthy Flying Wing Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle?". The Drive. Archived from the original on 2019-08-26. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  21. ^ "Фотография первого прототипа беспилотного летательного аппарата по теме "Охотник"" [Photo of the first prototype of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the topic "Hunter"]. bmpd.livejournal.com (in Russian). 24 January 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  22. ^ "Российский стелс-беспилотник "Охотник" впервые поднялся в воздух" [Russian stealth drone "Okhotnik" takes to the air for the first time]. interfax.ru. 25 May 2019. Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  23. ^ "Первый полет новейшего беспилотного летательного аппарата "Охотник"" [The first flight of the newest unmanned aerial vehicle "Hunter"]. YouTube. 7 August 2019. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  24. ^ "Russia's Okhotnik UAV makes first flight with Su-57". janes.com. 27 September 2019. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  25. ^ "Источник сообщил о строительстве еще трех тяжелых беспилотников "Охотник"" [Source reports construction of three more heavy Okhotnik drones]. ria.ru. 12 February 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  26. ^ "Источник: на заводе "Залив" начали формировать корпуса будущих кораблей-вертолетоносцев" [Source: Zaliv Shipyard Begins to Form Hulls of Future Helicopter Carriers]. tass.ru. 28 February 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  27. ^ "Russia rolls out first flight prototype of state-of-the art Okhotnik heavy strike drone". tass.com. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  28. ^ a b "Russian attack drone S-70 Okhotnik carried out tests with precision-guided munition". www.airdatanews.com. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  29. ^ "First photos published of Russia's secret Okhotnik strike drone". rbth.com. 8 February 2019. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  30. ^ "Russia shows off new military drone, which looks a lot like the U.S. Sentinel drone". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  31. ^ Rogoway, Joseph Trevithick and Tyler (7 August 2019). "Full Analysis Of The First Flight Of Russia's 'Hunter' Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle". The Drive. Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  32. ^ "MiG and Sukhoi to join forces on Russian UCAV".
  33. ^ a b "Russia Prepares To Flight-test the Sukhoi S-70 UCAV". ainonline.com. 25 January 2019. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  34. ^ Rogoway, Joseph Trevithick and Tyler (7 August 2019). "Full Analysis Of The First Flight Of Russia's 'Hunter' Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle". The Drive. Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  35. ^ Rogoway, Tyler (25 August 2019). "Russia's Sukhoi Shows Off Stealthier Vision For Its "Hunter" Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle". The Drive. Archived from the original on 2019-08-25. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  36. ^ Malyasov, Dylan (5 October 2024). "Russian S-70 drone reportedly shot down by friendly fire". Defence Blog. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
  37. ^ "Воевода Вещает" [The Voivode Broadcasts]. Telegram. Retrieved 2024-10-05.
  38. ^ Davies, Brooke (2024-10-05). "Putin red-faced after his £11,500,000 stealth drone is shot down by own warplane". metro.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-10-05.
  39. ^ Fedorov, Kirill. "Fragments of a unique Russian munition found at the crash site of the S-70 Okhotnik". Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  40. ^ Axe, David. "That Russian Stealth Drone Was On A Bombing Run When It Got Shot Down Over Ukraine". Forbes. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  41. ^ a b c Newdick, Thomas (2024-10-07). "Russia's S-70 Hunter Drone Was Armed When Shot Down By Friendly Fighter Over Ukraine". twz.com. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
  42. ^ Hambling, David (2024-10-08). "A Missile Could Not Erase Russian Drone's Embarrassing Stealth Secret". Forbes.
  43. ^ @Osinttechnical (October 5, 2024). "I can confirm, based on footage from @PEnssle, that Ukrainian forces have already recovered and removed large, relatively intact pieces of the advanced Russian S-70 Okhotnik UCAV that crashed in Donetsk Oblast. Notably including the wing segment seen in this video" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  44. ^ "Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
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