Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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| Properties | |
| C32H40Br2N4O4 | |
| Molar mass | 704.504 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Melting point | 121–125 °C (250–257 °F; 394–398 K) |
| Soluble | |
| Solubility | Soluble in polar solvents |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Extremely toxic |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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16 μg/kg (Mice) 6 μg/kg (Rabbits) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide) (4-673-745-01) is an extremely potent carbamate nerve agent. It works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, causing acetylcholine to accumulate.[1][2] Since the agent molecule is positively charged, it does not cross the blood brain barrier very well.[1]
Toxicity
[edit]Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide) is an extremely toxic nerve agent that can be lethal even at extremely low doses. The LD50 in mice and rabbits is 16 μg/kg and 6 μg/kg, respectively.[3]
Synthesis
[edit]5-Hydroxyisoquinoline and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is heated on a steam bath for 2 hours. The mixture is then cooled and treated with benzene. The resulting solid is then dissolved in water. Sodium hydroxide is added to make the solution basic. The solution is extracted with chloroform and then dried with magnesium sulfate. The solvent is evaporated and the solid residue is then recrystallized from petroleum ether. The resulting product, 5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinoline, is then mixed with 1,8-dibromooctane in acetonitrile and refluxed for 8 hours. After cooling, the precipitate is filtered and recrystallized from acetonitrile. The product is then dried in vacuo for 14 hours at room temperature, resulting in the final product.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Gupta, Ramesh C., ed. (2009). Handbook of toxicology of chemical warfare agents (1st ed.). London: Academic Press. ISBN 9780123744845.
- ^ Ellison, D. Hank (2007). Handbook of chemical and biological warfare agents (2nd. ed.). Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC. ISBN 9780849314346.
- ^ a b "Isoquinilinium chemical agents". Google Patents.