Eugraphe sigma

Eugraphe sigma
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Noctuidae
Genus:	Eugraphe
Species:	E. sigma
Binomial name
	Eugraphe sigma; (Schiffermüller, 1775)
Synonyms
	Noctua sigma Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775; Agrotis signum; Noctua characterea [Schiffermüller], 1775; Phalaena (Noctua) characterea Esper, [1803]; Phalaena (Noctua) ditrapezium Esper, [1803]; Phalaena (Noctua) characterea Esper, 1790; Phalaena (Noctua) nubila Esper, 1789; Phalaena (Noctua) nubila Esper, 1798; Phalaena (Noctua) ditrapezium Esper, 1790; Noctua signum Fabricius, 1787; Noctua umbra Vieweg, 1789; Noctua signa Hampson, 1903; Noctua terminalis Strand, 1915; Eugraphe sigma f. obscura Lempke, 1939; Eugraphe sigma f. rufa Lempke, 1939;

Eugraphe sigma is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from most of Europe (except Ireland, Great Britain, the Iberian Peninsula and Greece)^[1] to the Ural, Siberia, Transcaucasia, Armenia and Korea.^[2]

Description

The length of the forewings is 17–20 mm.Warren states R. sigma Schiff. (= characterea Esp., ditrapezium Esp. nec Schiff., signum Fab., umbra View.) (10 a). Forewing black brown or deep brown, with a faint vinous tinge; costal area diffusely brownish-ochreous;the lines ochreous; cell dark brown; upper stigmata large, grey with black edges; claviform small, blackish;hind-wing dark fuscous. A central European species found in France, Switzerland, Germany and Austria;also in Armenia, Siberia and Amurland. Larva reddish yellow, with dorsal and lateral lines white; a dark oblique bar on each segment with a white dot above it; feeds on low plants. - The form nubila Esp. has the costal and apical areas of forewing dull woodcolour. ^[3]

Subspecies

Eugraphe sigma sigma
Eugraphe sigma melancholina Bryk, 1949 (Korea)
Eugraphe sigma anthracina Boursin, 1954

Biology

Adults are on wing from June to July in one generation per year.^[4]

The larvae feed on various low-growing plants, including Lamium album, Viburnum lantana, Laburnum anagyroides, Prunus spinosa, Lonicera and Ligustrum species.

References

^ Fauna Europaea
^ Eugraphe at funet
^ Warren, W. in Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Vlindernet

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[1] Fauna Europaea

[2] Eugraphe at funet

[3] Warren, W. in Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[4] Vlindernet

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