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Royal Newfoundland Constabulary

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Royal Newfoundland Constabulary
Badge of the RNC
Badge of the RNC
Shoulder flash of the RNC
Shoulder flash of the RNC
Shirt and vest patch
Shirt and vest patch
RNC flag
RNC flag
AbbreviationRNC
Motto"Safer Communities Through Policing Excellence"
Agency overview
Formed1841
Preceding agency
  • Newfoundland Constabulary (1729)
Employees545 (2015, approximately)
Annual budgetTotal RNC $60,043,208 Total Current $48,454,517 (2012-2013)
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionNewfoundland and Labrador, Canada
The area served by the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary
Population526,702
Legal jurisdictionProvincial
Governing bodyHis Majesty in Right of Newfoundland
Constituting instrument
  • Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Act[1]
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters1 Fort Townshend, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Officers420 (approximately)
Civilians125 (approximately)
Minister responsible
Agency executive
Facilities
Office or detachments6
Website
www.rnc.gov.nl.ca Edit this at Wikidata

The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC) is the provincial police service for the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary is one of three provincial police forces in Canada, alongside the Ontario Provincial Police and the Sûreté du Québec. Uniquely, the responsibility for policing in Newfoundland and Labrador is not granted to municipalities. In Ontario and Quebec, the provincial police provide frontline police services only to small communities or at the request of a municipal council; in Newfoundland and Labrador, the Constabulary operates in all communities by default. Since 1949, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police have provided police services in the province's rural interior, in place of the RNC.[2]

As of 2023, the Constabulary currently serves or is expanding to serve the northeast Avalon Peninsula (metropolitan St. John's); the Bay of Islands and the Humber Valley (metropolitan Corner Brook); and western Labrador (Churchill Falls, Labrador City, and Wabush).[3][1][4]

History

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The first police constables in Newfoundland and Labrador were appointed by Governor Henry Osborn to six separate judicial districts in 1729. In the 19th century, the RNC was modeled after the Royal Irish Constabulary[5] with the secondment in 1844 of Timothy Mitchell to be Inspector General. The administration of police services was centralized under one Inspector and General Superintendent of Police in 1853.[6] Legislation governing the Newfoundland Constabulary was passed by the House of Assembly in 1871.

In January 1909, John J. Sullivan became the first Newfoundland-born police chief of the Constabulary, a post he held until September 1917.[7]

In 1935, the Newfoundland Commission of Government established the Newfoundland Ranger Force, a police service modelled on the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, to serve rural parts of Newfoundland and Labrador.[8] The Ranger Force replaced the Newfoundland Constabulary outside of the Avalon Peninsula, the Humber Arm (and in particular, the four communities that make up present-day Corner Brook), Grand Falls, and other built-up communities on the island.[8]

During World War II, the Newfoundland Constabulary provided police and investigative services to the foreign militaries stationed at St. John's, famously investigating the 1942 Knights of Columbus Hostel fire, a fatal structure fire believed to have been an arson attack.[9][10]

After Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949, the Ranger Force was disbanded and replaced by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, which also replaced the Newfoundland Constabulary outside of the City of St. John's.[11]

In 1979, Queen Elizabeth II of Canada conferred a royal patronage on the Newfoundland Constabulary in recognition of its long history of service to Newfoundland and Labrador.[11] The force subsequently changed its name to the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary.

The first women were sworn in as constables in 1980.[11]

Between 1981 and 1986, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary gradually re-expanded, replacing the RCMP in the northeast Avalon Region, parts of Labrador, and Corner Brook.[11]

In 1998, RNC officers were authorized to begin carrying their handguns on their belt.[12] Previously, officers were required to keep their firearms locked in the trunk of their car unless they were needed.

On May 3, 2005, the RNC made a formal exchange of colours with the Garda Síochána, one of two successor forces to the Royal Irish Constabulary. The exchange of colours was to mark the historic links between policing in Newfoundland and Ireland.

In 2019, the force hired its first Black police officers, Paul Growns and Jevaughn Coley.[13]

In 2022, the Constabulary sparked controversy after it was revealed that a constable facing four domestic violence-related charges was granted the Chief of Police's Commendation, which recognizes "distinguished, commendable act of police duty or outstanding contribution to the RNC," during her criminal trial.[14]

In 2023, the Constabulary re-expanded again, replacing the RCMP in the areas surrounding Corner Brook, to Pasadena in the northeast and the Bay of Islands in the west.[4]

Operations

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The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary operates out of five police stations, referred to as regional offices or detachments:

The Constabulary also maintains a satellite office of the St. John's Regional Office in Mount Pearl.[3]

Organizational structure

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Rank Commanding officers Senior officers Police officers Officer-in-training
Chief of Police Deputy Chief of Police Superintendent Inspector Staff Sergeant Sergeant Constable Cadet
INSIGNIA

Specialized units

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The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary maintains several specialized investigative and response units, including a tactical response team, criminal and general investigations units, a police dogs unit, a marine unit, a public order unit, and a collision reconstruction team.[15]

Mounted unit

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The RNC has operated a mounted unit since 1873.[16]

RNC Constables march in their dress uniforms along with Sea Cadets and other groups at the Labrador City Remembrance Day Parade, 2023

The current horse-mounted team was created in 2003, replacing a voluntary unit. The unit's history can be traced back to three earlier units, the Newfoundland Constabulary Mounted Force 1873–1894, New Fire Brigade Mounted Force 1895–1922, and Newfoundland Constabulary 1922–1951.

The unit has four Percheron horses:[16]

  • Dr. Rich
  • Townshend
  • Fraize
  • Dobbin

Fleet

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The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary maintains a fleet of vehicles of models from several major automakers, such as models including but not limited to the following:

RNC Police Interceptor Ford Taurus at the Labrador City Town Hall.
Make/Model Type Status Origin
Chevrolet Impala General police vehicle  Canada
Chevrolet Tahoe (marked) General police vehicle, Traffic Services  Canada
Chevrolet Silverado (marked) General police vehicle, Forensic Identification Section  Canada
Dodge Charger General police vehicle  Canada
Ram pickup Parking Enforcement, Document Services Section  United States
Ford Police Interceptor Highway Unit, General police vehicle, Traffic Services  United States
Ford Expedition (marked) Supervisor Truck, Traffic Services, Special Operations  United States
Ford F-150 General police vehicle, Forensic Services Section  United States
GMC Sierra General police vehicle  United States
Dodge Durango General police vehicle  United States
Ford Explorer (Ford Police Interceptor Utility) (2020+) General police vehicle  United States
  • Other vehicles are commissioned for special purposes, such as the Tactics and Rescue Unit (TRU), Dog Services, Mounted Unit Transport, and Evidence Collection.
  • 29-foot Mercury Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat (RHIB) with twin 200HP engines
  • The RNC has no helicopters, and instead relies on the RCMP to provide police helicopter services.

Equipment

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As a result of the recommendations of the Select Committee on the Arming Policy of the RNC, members on operational duty were permitted to wear sidearms starting 14 June 1998.[17] Previously, members were required to keep all firearms secured in the trunk of the police cruiser and were only deployed with permission from the Chief.

Model Type Image Origin Details
SIG Sauer P226 handgun
 Germany
Colt C8 Patrol Carbine Semi-automatic rifle
 Canada
Remington Model 870 shotgun
 United States
Pepper spray Lachrymatory agent
 Canada
Armament Systems and Procedures baton collapsible baton
 United States
Taser X26 Electroshock weapon
 United States

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Act
  2. ^ "About the RCMP in Newfoundland and Labrador". Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 14 September 2015. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  3. ^ a b "Office Locations". Royal Newfoundland Constabulary. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  4. ^ a b "RNC expanding on Newfoundland's west coast, citing Mountie shortage". CBC News.
  5. ^ "Royal Newfoundland Constabulary". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  6. ^ "Our History". Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Historical Society. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  7. ^ The Biography of John J. Sullivan.
  8. ^ a b "Newfoundland Ranger Force". Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  9. ^ Browne, Gary (2009). To Serve and Protect: The Newfoundland Constabulary on the Home Front World War Two. ISBN 978-0-9783434-9-1.
  10. ^ Darrin McGrath (December 2002). Last Dance: The Knights of Columbus Fire. St. John's, Newfoundland: Flanker Press. ISBN 1-894463-25-0. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
  11. ^ a b c d "Newfoundland Constabulary". Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  12. ^ "Annual Report of the Auditor General 2001" (PDF).
  13. ^ "Diverse 2019 class of RNC cadets includes the force's first black officer". CBC News.
  14. ^ "Critics slam commendation for RNC officer on trial for assault". CBC News.
  15. ^ "What We Do". Royal Newfoundland Constabulary. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
  16. ^ a b "Mounted Unit". Royal Newfoundland Constabulary. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  17. ^ "Annual Report of the Auditor General 2001" (PDF).
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