Neohipparion
Neohipparion | |
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Skeleton of N. leptode at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Perissodactyla |
Family: | Equidae |
Subfamily: | Equinae |
Tribe: | †Hipparionini |
Genus: | †Neohipparion Gidley, 1903 |
Type species | |
Neohipparion affine (Leidy, 1869)
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Species | |
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Synonyms | |
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Neohipparion (Greek: "new" (neos), "pony" (hipparion)[1]) is an extinct genus of equid,[2] from the Neogene (Miocene to Pliocene) of North America and Central America.[3][4][5][6] Fossils of this horse have been found in Texas,[7][8] Florida,[8][9] Kansas,[10] South Dakota,[11] Montana,[12] Nevada,[13] Alabama,[14] Oregon,[15] and Mexico.[16] This prehistoric species of equid grew up to lengths of 4.5 to 5 ft (1.4 to 1.5 m) long.[17] In Florida, Neohipparion lived in a wooded grassland savanna environment during the dry season but moved to a wet environment when it came time to mate. Speaking of mating, the average age of death for a newborn colt was 3.5 years, with a juvenile mortality rate of 64% during its first 2 years of existence. [18] Its diet consisted of grasses, C3 and C4 plants.[19]
References
[edit]- ^ "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
- ^ Clementz, M. T. (2012). "New insight from old bones: Stable isotope analysis of fossil mammals". Journal of Mammalogy. 93 (2): 368–380. doi:10.1644/11-MAMM-S-179.1.
- ^ "Neohipparion eurystyle". Florida Museum. 2017-03-31. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ^ "Neohipparion". Florida Museum. 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ^ Stirton, R. A. (1955). "Two New Species of the Equid Genus Neohipparion from the Middle Pliocene, Chihuahua, Mexico". Journal of Paleontology. 29 (5): 886–902. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1300411.
- ^ MacFadden, Bruce J. (1985). "Patterns of Phylogeny and Rates of Evolution in Fossil Horses: Hipparions from the Miocene and Pliocene of North America". Paleobiology. 11 (3): 245–257. doi:10.1017/S009483730001157X. ISSN 0094-8373. JSTOR 2400665.
- ^ Quinn, James Harrison (1952). "Recognition of Hipparions and other horses in the middle Miocene mammalian faunas of the Texas Gulf region". Bureau of Economic Geology – via University of Texas at Austin.
- ^ a b Hulbert, Richard C. (July 1987). "Late NeogeneNeohipparion(Mammalia, Equidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida and Texas". Journal of Paleontology. 61 (4): 809–830. doi:10.1017/s0022336000029152. ISSN 0022-3360.
- ^ MacFadden, Bruce J. (1986). "Late Hemphillian Monodactyl Horses (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Bone Valley Formation of Central Florida". Journal of Paleontology. 60 (2): 466–475. doi:10.1017/S0022336000021995. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1305172.
- ^ Darnell, Michelle (2000-12-01). "Systematics of the Fossil Equidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla), Minimum Quarry, Graham County, Kansas". Master's Theses. doi:10.58809/HMSW1030.
- ^ Macdonald, J. R. (1960). "An Early Pliocene Fauna from Mission, South Dakota". Journal of Paleontology. 34 (5): 961–982. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1301023.
- ^ Storer, John E. (1969-08-01). "An Upper Pliocene neohipparion from the Flaxville Gravels, northern Montana". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 6 (4): 791–794. doi:10.1139/e69-076. ISSN 0008-4077.
- ^ Macdonald, J. R. (1956). "A New Clarendonian Mammalian Fauna from the Truckee Formation of Western Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 30 (1): 186–202. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1300391.
- ^ Hulbert, Richard C.; Whitmore, Frank C. (2006-06-01). "Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla local fauna, Alabama". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 46 (1): 1–28. doi:10.58782/flmnh.xcpo4034. ISSN 0071-6154.
- ^ Geology of the Rattlesnake quadrangle Bearpaw Mountains, Blaine County, Montana (Report). US Geological Survey. 1964. doi:10.3133/b1181b.
- ^ Stirton, R. A. (1955). "Two New Species of the Equid Genus Neohipparion from the Middle Pliocene, Chihuahua, Mexico". Journal of Paleontology. 29 (5): 886–902. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1300411.
- ^ Hulbert, Richard C. (July 1987). "Late Neogene Neohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida and Texas". Journal of Paleontology. 61 (4): 809–830. Bibcode:1987JPal...61..809H. doi:10.1017/s0022336000029152. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 130745896.
- ^ Hulbert, Richard C. (1982). "Population Dynamics of the Three-Toed Horse Neohipparion from the Late Miocene of Florida". Paleobiology. 8 (2): 159–167. doi:10.1017/s0094837300004504. ISSN 0094-8373.
- ^ Pérez-Crespo, Víctor Adrián; Carranza-Castañeda, Oscar; Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquín; Morales-Puente, Pedro; Cienfuegos-Alvarado, Edith; Otero, Francisco J. (2017-04-01). "Diet and habitat of unique individuals of Dinohippus mexicanus and Neohipparion eurystyle (Equidae) from the late Hemphillian (Hh3) of Guanajuato and Jalisco, central Mexico: stable isotope studies". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 34 (1): 38. doi:10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2017.1.470. ISSN 2007-2902.