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National Electronic Library

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National electronic library
Screenshot
Type of site
Digital library
OwnerMinistry for Culture of Russia
URLrusneb.ru
Launched2004; 20 years ago (2004)
Current statusActive

The National Electronic Library (NEL) is a website funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, which provides Internet users with access to digitized books, newspapers and magazines in Russian libraries, museums and archives. It is operated by Russian State Library located in Moscow. In November, 2024 the Library reported as having 5,752,597 electronic documents in its collection, of those 94.0 % were available under Open Access terms. The library continues growing its historic collection by scanning additional materials, converting them into text using optical character recognition, and storing in its digital database, capable of full-text search. The site has a mobile application for iOS and Android.[1]


History

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After becoming independent Russia inherited Russian State Library in Moscow, National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg, as well as several other libraries of national significance. With the advent of the Digital Age the idea of a national electronic library was brought up on several occasions.[2] But it was only in 2003, when developments in database architecture as well as in the internet infrastructure, allowed for a practical implementation of this idea in Russia.

In 2003, the project was initiated by the two largest libraries in the country: Russian National Library (RNL) in Saint Petersburg and the Russian State Library (RSL) in Moscow. The libraries approached the Ministry of Culture of Russia with an initiative to create a nation-wide electronic library. In 2004, the personnel of the two aforementioned libraries started joint development of this library.[3][4] The main purpose of the National Electronic Library was to collect, archive and describe electronic documents, that contribute to the preservation and development of national science and culture, as well as making sure that such documents are accessible to the public.[5] The project was formally announced on December 17, 2008, [6]

In 2012, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation included the development of the NEB as a state system in the federal target program “Culture of Russia ( 2012—2018)».[7] Since 2013, the Ministry of Culture has begun developing the project, allocating funding for the creation of a technological platform, the purchase of copyrights, and the digitization of printed books.

In 2016 the project received Free Knowledge Award from Wikipedia.

In February 2019, the Russian Government approved the Regulation on the Federal State Information System "National Electronic Library". The directive requires mandatory deposit of electronic copies of all works published in Russia.[8][9]

Development of supporting software and data entry

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The first stage of project was sponsored by the Russian State Library, that announced an invitation to tender for potential developers at a cost of 12 mln. roubles (ca. US$ 462,000). The project was completed jointly by two Russian companies: CROC and ЕМС. The hardware was purchased from Hewlett-Packard. Document viewing software was procured from DefView.[10]

Use statistics

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book rentals[11] reading views
total Russian State Library Russian State Library-on line Other libraries Opened to everyone
2012 1968405 320764 742977 116390 788274
2013 3186695 328475 716666 201115 1940439
2014 3506507 283502 550208 193782 2479015
2015 9478349 183128 369227 147239 8810478

Criticism

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The project has been criticized for the lack of well-defined goals,[12] restricted access to copyrighted materials, purchase of numerous books, that have little demand from the users, poor library profile in global search engines, missing deadlines by its developers, and their overall underperformance.[13]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "НЭБ.РФ Национальная библиотека - Apps on Google Play". play.google.com.
  2. ^ "NEB as a technological basis for a humanistic model standard". www.unkniga.ru. /web/20220311133217/http://www.unkniga.ru/biblioteki/bibdelo/6662-neb-kak-tehnologicheskaya-osnova-humanisticheskogo.html Archived from the original on 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2022-04-02. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
  3. ^ Barysheva O.V., Kazakov V.G., Maistrovich T.V. (2003). "Towards the Development of the Concept of the National Electronic Library" (magazine) (in Russian). No. 5 (Scientific and technical information. - Ser.1. Organization and methodology of information work. ed.). pp. 14–20. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ www.nlr.ru/inter/sovet.htm#9 Cooperation Council of the RNB and the RSL
  5. ^ Maistrovich T.V. (2005). "Russian National Electronic Library: tasks and principles of organization" (journal) (in Russian) (1) (Library Science ed.): 44–52. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference create2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation (2014). "Decision of the Board". Library Science (journal) (in Russian) (3): 9.
  8. ^ .pnp.ru/politics/kabmin-utverdil-polozhenie-o-nacionalnoy-elektronnoy-biblioteke.html "The Cabinet of Ministers approved the regulation on the National Electronic library" (in Russian). www.pnp.ru. https://www.pnp.ru/politics/kabmin-utverdil-polozhenie-o-nacionalnoy-elektronnoy-biblioteke.html Archived from the original on 2019-02-26. Retrieved 2019-02-27. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help); Check |url= value (help)
  9. ^ "Об утверждении Положения о федеральной государственной информационной системе «Национальная электронная библиотека»".
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference endwork1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference knigovidacha was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Степанов В. К. (2015). Какую Национальную электронную библиотеку мы потеряли.
  13. ^ "Национальная электронная библиотека: национальные деньги и ненациональный контент". roem.ru (in Russian). 2015-08-12. Archived from the original on 2020-09-24. Retrieved 2020-10-11.
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