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National Endowment for the Humanities

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National Endowment for the Humanities
Seal
Logo
Agency overview
FormedSeptember 29, 1965
JurisdictionFederal government of the United States
HeadquartersConstitution Center, Washington, D.C.
Employees500 (2022)
Annual budget$207 million (2023)[1]
Agency executive
Websitewww.neh.gov

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent federal agency of the U.S. government, established by the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 (Pub. L. 89–209), dedicated to supporting research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities. The NEH is housed in the Constitution Center at 400 7th St SW, Washington, D.C.[2] From 1979 to 2014, NEH was at 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C., in the Nancy Hanks Center at the Old Post Office.

History and purpose

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The NEH provides grants for high-quality humanities projects to cultural institutions such as museums, archives, libraries, colleges, universities, public television, and radio stations, and to individual scholars. According to its mission statement: "Because democracy demands wisdom, NEH serves and strengthens our republic by promoting excellence in the humanities and conveying the lessons of history to all Americans."[3]

The NEH was created in 1965 as a sub-agency of the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities, which today also includes the National Endowment for the Arts, the Institute of Museum and Library Services, and the Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities.[4] NEH was based upon recommendation of the National Commission on the Humanities, convened in 1963 with representatives from three US scholarly and educational associations, the Phi Beta Kappa Society, the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), and the Council of Graduate Schools.[4][5]

The agencies stated purpose is to create incentives for excellent work in the humanities by:

  • awarding grants that strengthen teaching and learning in the humanities in schools and colleges
  • facilitate research and original scholarship
  • provide opportunities for lifelong learning
  • preserve and provide access to cultural and educational resources
  • strengthen the institutional base of the humanities.[3]

As part of its mandate to support humanities programs in every US state and territory, the agency supports a network of private, nonprofit affiliates, the 56 humanities councils in the states and territories of the United States.

Jim Leach leadership, 2009–2013

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The ninth NEH chair was Jim Leach. President Obama nominated the former Iowa congressman, a Republican, to chair the NEH on June 3, 2009;[6] the Senate confirmed his appointment in August 2009.[7] Leach began his term as the NEH chair on August 12, 2009, and stepped down in May 2013. Between November 2009 and May 2011, Leach conducted the American "Civility Tour" to call attention to the need to restore reason and civility back into politics, a goal that in his words was "central to the humanities." Leach visited each of the 50 states, speaking at venues ranging from university and museum lecture halls to hospitals for veterans, to support the return of non-emotive, civil exchange and rational consideration of other viewpoints. According to Leach, "Little is more important...than establishing an ethos of thoughtfulness and decency of expression in the public square. Words reflect emotion as well as meaning. They clarify—or cloud—thought and energize action, sometimes bringing out the better angels in our nature, sometimes lesser instincts."[8]

William Adams leadership, 2014–2017

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The tenth chair of the NEH was William Adams, who served from 2014 to 2017. President Obama nominated Adams on April 4, 2014;[9][10][11] Adams was confirmed by the Senate in a voice vote on July 9, 2014.[12] Adams appointed Margaret (Peggy) Plympton as the deputy NEH chair in January 2015.[13]

Before Adams's appointment, the NEH was headed by Acting Chair Carole M. Watson. Adams resigned his appointment on May 23, 2017, when he cited accomplishments under the "Common Good" initiative and the appointment of new administration officials.[14]

Jon Parrish Peede, 2018–2022

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Appointed under Donald Trump, from 2018 to 2022, Jon Parrish Peede served as Chair of the NEH.[15] On February 10, 2020, the NEH was presented by the Trump administration with a FY2021 budget that included an orderly wind-down of the agency.[16]

Shelly Lowe

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Plans to close the agency were halted under the Biden administration and the NEH continues to operate and provides funding for various projects.[17] In 2022, Shelly Lowe was confirmed as the chairman of the NEH.[18] She is the first Native American to lead the agency.[18] Congress appropriated US$180 million for the NEH in FY2022, and US$207 million in 2023.[1]

Leadership and initiatives

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Governance

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The Endowment is directed by the NEH chair. Advising the chair is the National Council on the Humanities, a board of 26 distinguished private citizens who are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.[19] The National Council members serve staggered six-year terms.

The NEH chair

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The Endowment is directed by a chair, who has legal authority to approve all recommendations and award grants and cooperative agreements. The chair is nominated by the president and confirmed with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate. The chair's decisions are informed by recommendations from the National Council on the Humanities, peer-reviewers who are selected to read each project proposal submitted to the Endowment, as well as by the Endowment's staff.

National Council on the Humanities

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The council is composed of 27 members, 26 appointed by the president of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate and the chairperson of the NEH, who also serves as chair of the council. The twenty-six appointed by the President are selected from among private citizens of the United States who are recognized for their broad knowledge of, expertise in, or commitment to the humanities, and have established records of distinguished service and scholarship or creativity and in a manner which will provide a comprehensive representation of the views of scholars and professional practitioners in the humanities and of the public throughout the United States. In making these appointments, the President shall give due regard to equitable representation of women, minorities, and individuals with disabilities who are involved in the humanities, and may give consideration to such recommendations as may from time to time be submitted to him by leading national organizations concerned with the humanities.[20]

These are appointed to serve terms of six years. The terms are staggered so a number of terms end January 26 every other year. The members are not eligible for reappointment during the two-year period following the expiration of their term. However, they may continue to serve on the council after their term's expiration until a successor takes office. Fourteen members of the council constitutes a quorum.[20]

Current council members

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The current council members as of September 29, 2024:[21]

Position Name Assumed office Term expiration Appointed by
Chair Shelly Lowe February 2, 2022 February 2, 2026 Joe Biden
Member Kathe Hicks Albrecht August 5, 2019 January 26, 2024 Donald Trump
Member Daryl Baldwin December 18, 2021 January 26, 2024 Joe Biden
Member Francine Berman November 24, 2015 January 26, 2020 Barack Obama
Member Russell A. Berman August 5, 2019 January 26, 2020 Donald Trump
Member Allison Blakely January 10, 2011 January 26, 2016 Barack Obama
Member Keegan F. Callanan September 5, 2019 January 26, 2024 Donald Trump
Member Constance M. Carroll June 1, 2011 January 26, 2016 Barack Obama
Member Deborah Coen July 21, 2022 January 26, 2028 Joe Biden
Member William English August 5, 2019 January 26, 2024 Donald Trump
Member Genine Macks Fidler October 1, 2021 January 26, 2022 Joe Biden
Member Marjorie Fisher August 5, 2019 January 26, 2022 Donald Trump
Member Beverly Gage March 24, 2022 January 26, 2024 Joe Biden
Member David Hajdu March 16, 2022 January 26, 2024 Joe Biden
Member Christine M. Kim May 19, 2022 January 26, 2026 Joe Biden
Member Dorothy Kosinski August 5, 2013 January 26, 2016 Barack Obama
Member Kathryn Matthew March 15, 2022 January 26, 2024 Joe Biden
Member Claire McCaffery Griffin August 5, 2019 January 26, 2022 Donald Trump
Member Vanessa Northington Gamble March 16, 2022 January 26, 2024 Joe Biden
Member Lynnette Young Overby December 18, 2021 January 26, 2022 Joe Biden
Member Matthew Rose August 5, 2019 January 26, 2024 Donald Trump
Member Ramón Saldívar January 7, 2013 January 26, 2018 Barack Obama
Member David Kekaulike Sing December 18, 2023 January 26, 2026 Joe Biden
Member Karen A. Stout May 19, 2022 January 26, 2026 Joe Biden
Member Katherine H. Tachau August 5, 2013 January 26, 2018 Barack Obama
Member Vacant January 26, 2028
Member Vacant January 26, 2030

Nominations

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President Biden has nominated the following to fill seats on the commission. They await Senate confirmation.[22]

Name Term expires Replacing
Estrellita Bograd Brodsky January 26, 2026 Russell A. Berman
Daryle Williams January 26, 2030 Shelly Lowe
Emily Edenshaw January 26, 2028 Dorothy Kosinski
Margaret Mary FitzPatrick January 26, 2030 Katherine H. Tachau
Deborah Willis January 26, 2028 Constance M. Carroll

Major program offices

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The NEH has six grant-making divisions and offices:[23]

  • The Division of Preservation and Access awards grants to preserve, maintain, and improve access to primary sources in the humanities, in both digital and analog form.
  • The Division of Public Programs supports projects that bring the humanities to large audiences through libraries and museums, television and radio, historic sites, and digital media.
  • The Division of Research makes awards to support the publication of books in and outside the humanities.
  • The Division of Education works to support and strengthen teaching of the humanities.
  • The Office of Federal/State Partnership collaborates with 56 state and territory humanities councils to strengthen local programs.
  • The Office of Digital Humanities advises on use of technology in the humanities and coordinates, and was established in 2008.[24]

The Office of Challenge Grants, dissolved in 2017, administered grants intended to support capacity building and encourage fundraising in humanities institutions. The Division of Preservation and Access now offers a grant program that is similar to previous programs in the Challenge Grants office.

Special initiatives

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These are special priorities of the endowment that indicate critical areas of the humanities as identified by the NEH chair. They differ from the divisions of the endowment in that they do not sponsor or coordinate specific grant programs.

Bridging Cultures initiative

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Bridging Cultures was an NEH initiative that explored ways the humanities promote understanding and mutual respect for people with diverse histories, cultures, and perspectives. Projects supported through this initiative focused on cultures globally as well as within the United States.[25]

Standing Together

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This initiative, launched in 2014, marks a priority to make awards that promote understanding of the military experience and to support returning veterans.[26]

We the People

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We the People was an NEH special funding stream initiated by NEH chair Coles, using dedicated funds available to each chair of the NEH, which was designed to encourage and enhance the teaching, study, and understanding of American history, culture, and democratic principles.[27] The initiative supports projects and programs that explore significant events and themes in American nation's history, which advance knowledge of the principles that define America.[28]

According to NEH, the initiative led a renaissance in knowledge about American history and principles among all US citizens. The initiative was launched on Constitution Day, September 17, 2002, and active through 2009.[29]

Notable projects

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Since 1965, the NEH has sponsored many projects, including:

Awards

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Jefferson Lecture

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Main article: Jefferson Lecture

Since 1972 the NEH has sponsored the Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities, which it describes as "the highest honor the federal government confers for distinguished intellectual achievement in the humanities." The Jefferson Lecturer is selected each year by the National Council on the Humanities. The honoree delivers a lecture in Washington, D.C., during the spring, and receives an honorarium of $10,000. The stated purpose of the honor is to recognize "an individual who has made significant scholarly contributions in the humanities and who has the ability to communicate the knowledge and wisdom of the humanities in a broadly appealing way."[40]

National Humanities Medal and Charles Frankel Prize

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Main article: National Humanities Medal

The National Humanities Medal, inaugurated in 1997, honors individuals or groups whose work has deepened the nation's understanding of the humanities, broadened citizens' engagement with the humanities, or helped preserve and expand Americans' access to important resources in the humanities. Up to 12 medals can be awarded each year. From 1989 to 1996 the NEH awarded a similar prize known as the Charles Frankel Prize.[41] The new award, a bronze medallion, was designed by David Macaulay, the 1995 winner of the Frankel Prize. Lists of the winners of the National Humanities Medal[42] and the Frankel Prize[43] are available at the NEH website.

Humanities magazine

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Starting in 1969, the NEH published a periodical called Humanities; that original incarnation was discontinued in 1978. In 1980, Humanities magazine was relaunched (ISSN 0018-7526). It is published six times per year, with one cover article each year dedicated to profiling that year's Jefferson Lecturer. Most of its articles have some connection to NEH activities. The magazine's editor since 2007 has been journalist and author David Skinner.[44] From 1990 until her death in 2007, Humanities was edited by Mary Lou Beatty (who had previously been a high-ranking editor at the Washington Post).[45][46]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "NEH Appropriations History". Federal Government. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  2. ^ "Visiting NEH". National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  3. ^ a b "About". NEH.
  4. ^ a b "How NEH Got Its Start". National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  5. ^ "NEH Timeline".
  6. ^ Robin Pogrebin, "Obama Names a Republican to Lead the Humanities Endowment", New York Times, June 4, 2009.
  7. ^ Robin Pogrebin, "Rocco Landesman Confirmed as Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts", New York Times, August 7, 2009.
  8. ^ Dionne Jr., E.J. (30 November 2009). "E.J. Dionne Welcomes Jim Leach's Call for Civility". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
  9. ^ "President Obama Announces his Intent to Nominate Dr. William "Bro" Adams as Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities". National Endowment for the Humanities. April 10, 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  10. ^ "Obama nominates William 'Bro' Adams to be next head of National Endowment for the Humanities". Minneapolis Star Tribune. 10 April 2014. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  11. ^ "Adams Tapped by President Obama". Colby College. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  12. ^ "Senate confirms head of US Humanities Endowment". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  13. ^ "Deputy Chair". National Endowment for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 14 March 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  14. ^ "NEH Chairman William D. Adams Announces Resignation". Washington, D.C.: National Endowment for the Humanities. May 22, 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  15. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (4 March 2018). "Trump Nominates New Chairman for the National Endowment for the Humanities". New York Times. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  16. ^ "NEH Statement on Proposed FY 2021 Budget". Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  17. ^ Bahr, Sarah (16 August 2022). "National Endowment for the Humanities Announces $31.5 Million in Grants". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  18. ^ a b "Shelly Lowe confirmed as chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities". The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  19. ^ "National Council on the Humanities". National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  20. ^ a b 20 U.S.C. § 957
  21. ^ "National Council on the Humanities". NEH.gov. National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  22. ^ "Quick Search National Council on the Humanities". Congress.gov. Library of Congress. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  23. ^ "Information about the Divisions and Offices that Administer NEH Grant Programs". National Endowment for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  24. ^ Allington, Daniel; Brouilette, Sarah; Golumbia, David (May 1, 2016). "Neoliberal Tools (and Archives): A Political History of Digital Humanities". Los Angeles Review of Books.
  25. ^ "About the Bridging Cultures Initiative". Archived from the original on 2014-02-26. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  26. ^ "NEH Veterans Initiative". Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  27. ^ "We the People". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  28. ^ "The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau". March 2, 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-03-02.
  29. ^ "About We the People". Archived from the original on 2016-04-03.
  30. ^ "King Tut Comes to America". Archived from the original on 2017-01-24. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
  31. ^ "Ken Burns The Civil War". Archived from the original on 2017-01-24. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
  32. ^ "Library of America". National Endowment for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 2017-01-24. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
  33. ^ "Newspapers: The First Draft of History". National Endowment for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 2017-01-24. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
  34. ^ "NEH & Books". Archived from the original on 2016-09-26. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
  35. ^ "Edsitement". National Endowment for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 2017-01-24. Retrieved 2017-01-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  36. ^ Myers, J. Wilson. "Eleanor Emlen Myers, 1925–1996" (PDF). Breaking Ground: Women in Old World Archaeology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  37. ^ "Valley of the Shadow". National Endowment for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 2017-01-24. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
  38. ^ "What's on the menu?". National Endowment for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 2017-01-24. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
  39. ^ "Katherine Anne Porter at 100 records". University of Maryland Archival Collections. hdl:1903.1/7856.
  40. ^ Jefferson Lecturers Archived 2011-10-20 at the Wayback Machine at NEH Website (retrieved January 22, 2009).
  41. ^ Awards and Honors Archived 2009-01-17 at the Wayback Machine at NEH Website (retrieved January 23, 2009).
  42. ^ National Humanities Medals Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine at the NEH website (retrieved January 23, 2009).
  43. ^ Winners of the Charles Frankel Prize at NEH Website (retrieved January 23, 2009).
  44. ^ "Editor's Note, September/October 2007". National Endowment for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 2016-08-27. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
  45. ^ "Editor's Note, March/April 2007". National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
  46. ^ Sullivan, Patricia (2007-02-09). "Mary Lou Beatty; Editor at NEH, Post". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-08-21.

Further reading

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  • Jensen, Richard. The Culture Wars, 1965–1995: A Historian's Map Journal of Social History (Vol. 29, Special Issue: Social History and the American Political Climate: Problems and Strategies (1995)), pp. 17–37 online
  • Kammen, Michael. "Culture and the State in America." Journal of American History 83.3 (1996): 791–814. online
  • Koch, Cynthia M. "Postscript: The Endowments at Fifty." in Funding Challenges and Successes in Arts Education (IGI Global, 2018) pp. 32–48.
  • Miller, Stephen. Excellence and Equity: The National Endowment for the Humanities (UP of Kentucky, 2015).
  • Redaelli, Eleonora. "Understanding American cultural policy: the multi-level governance of the arts and humanities." Policy Studies 41.1 (2020): 80–97. online[dead link‍]
  • Topf, Mel A. "The NEH and the Crisis in the Humanities." College English 37.3 (1975): 229–242. online
  • Zainaldin, Jamil. "Public works: NEH, Congress, and the state humanities councils." Public Historian 35.1 (2013): 28–50. online
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