Murrah buffalo
 Murrah buffaloes in the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) at its Central Mindanao University facility in Maramag, Bukidnon | |
| Conservation status | Domesticated |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | India |
| Distribution | Azerbaijan, Brazil, Colombia, China, Ecuador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Viet Nam, Venezuela |
| Use | Dairy |
| Traits | |
| Weight |
|
| Height |
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| Coat | Black |
| |
The Murrah buffalo is a breed of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) mainly kept for milk production. It originates in Haryana and Punjab of India, where it is kept in the districts of Bhiwani, Agra, Hisar, Rohtak, Jind, Jhajhar, Fatehabad, Gurgaon and the capital region of Delhi.[1] It has been used to improve the milk production of dairy buffalo in other countries, such as Italy, Bulgaria and Egypt.[2] A Murrah buffalo at the Lakshmi Dairy Farm in Punjab set a record of 26.335 kg (58.06 lb) of milk in the 2016 National Livestock Competition and Expo.[3] In Brazil, this breed of buffalo is used for production of both meat and milk. Murrahs sell for a high price.[4][5]
Among Indian buffalo breeds, Murrah is noted to have the highest milk yield.[6]
Appearance
[edit]
Murrah buffaloes are jet black in colour, sometimes with white markings on the face or legs. Their eyes are black, active, and prominent in females, but slightly shrunken in males and should not be walled, i.e., the cornea should not have whiteness. Their necks are long and thin in females and thick and massive in males. Their ears are short, thin, and alert. [7]
They typically have short and tightly curved horns. Bulls weigh around 550 kg (1,210 lb) and cows around 450 kg (990 lb). Average milk production is 2,200 L (480 imp gal; 580 US gal) in a lactation period of 310 days.[8][9]
Research institutes
[edit]These institutes have ongoing research programs to enhance and disseminate the Murrah breed:
- The Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes in Hisar is the premier research institute in India for improving the Murrah buffalo breed and for disseminating Murrah buffalo semen to farmers and buffalo breeders for fertilization of cows. It has cloned a Murrah buffalo to replicate the high quality breed.[10][11][12][13][14][15]
- National Dairy Research Institute is an agro-dairy university in Karnal.[16]
- The Philippine Carabao Center in the Philippines breeds Murrah buffaloes for adapting them to the local tropical conditions.
Export to other nations
[edit]
In Asia, Murrah buffaloes were first introduced in Philippines from India in 1917 to cross breed with native Carabao breed. A few Nili-Ravi breed were also exported from India to Philippines.[17] Philippine Carabao Center was established in 1992 at Science City of Muñoz in Nueva Ecija province to breed and cross carabao based on high-yield Murrah buffalo in the Philippines as a multi-purpose animal that can be raised for milk, meat, hide, and draft.[18][19][20][21] This project has now expected to more than 14 buffalo research centers, based on murrah breed, spread across Philippines.
In Europe, the native breed were crossbred with the Indian Murrah breed in Bulgaria, and later in Romania, some were crossbred with Bulgarian Murrah.[22]
In South America, starting from late 19th century Murrah & Jaffarabadi breeds were imported by Brazil to improve the breed there.[23]
See also
[edit]- List of water buffalo breeds
- List of Indian cattle breeds
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)
- Government Livestock Farm, Hisar, research and dissemination institute to improve the feed for cattle to enhance the milk yield, situated next to the CIRB Hisar
References
[edit]- ^ "Murrah Buffalo". Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ^ Moioli, B. and A. Borghese (2016). Buffalo Breeds and Management Systems. Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia (Animal Production Research Institute).
- ^ "Murrah buffalo sets record with 26.33 kg milk". tribuneindia.com. 16 January 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ "Andhra Pradesh farmer buys Haryana murrah buffalo for Rs 25L". The Times of India. 11 August 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
- ^ "Rs 40-lakh-a-year hurrah for owner of this Murrah!". Hindustan Times. 17 February 2014. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
- ^ Nilotpal, Ghosh (July 2019). Livestock Production Management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-93-88028-98-1.
- ^ "Livestock:: Buffalo:: BreedsAnimal Husbandry ::buffalo breeds".
- ^ "Murrah". ansi.okstate.edu. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
- ^ "Murrah Buffalo". bharathidairyfarm.com.
- ^ CIRB website
- ^ Mohammad, Ali; Munir, Abdul; Rehman, Hifzur (26 June 2007). Fifty Years of Indian Agriculture. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 9788180693601 – via Google Books.
- ^ "लुवास का भैंस फार्म देश का सर्वश्रेष्ठ केंद्र घोषित (Hisar LUVAS Buffalo farm best in the nation).", Dainik Jagran, 25 July 2017.
- ^ Training on Advanced Buffalo Husbandry organized at CIRB, Hisar
- ^ Syed Mohmad Shah, Manmohan Singh Chauhan. 2017 Reproduction in Buffalo: Natural and assisted reproductive techniques, Notion Press, Chennai.
- ^ "Bulgarian Murrah".
- ^ Staff, Hill Post (19 July 2019). "Nauni University At Rank 12 Among Agri Research Institutes Of Country".
- ^ Cockrill, W. R., ed. (1977). The Water Buffalo (PDF). Animal Production and Health Series. Vol. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 978-9251001080. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
- ^ "Philippine Carabao Center History". Archived from the original on 7 April 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- ^ Hernandez, Ma. Eloisa E. "The Philippine Carabao Center ...has gone a long way". Bureau of Agricultural Research. Archived from the original on 23 July 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- ^ Robles, Chan. "REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7307". Robles Chan Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- ^ "The Philippines: Enterprise-Driven Dairy Development" (PDF). Philippine Carabao Center. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- ^ Borghese, A., Mazzi, M. (2005). Buffalo Population and Strategies in the World. Pages 1–39 in Borghese, A. (ed.) Buffalo Production and Research. REU Technical Series 67. Inter-regional Cooperative Research Network on Buffalo, FAO Regional Office for Europe, Rome.
- ^ Minervino, A.H.H.; Zava, M.; Vecchio, D.; Borghese, A. (2020). "Bubalus bubalis: A Short Story". Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 7: 570413. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.570413. PMC 7736047. PMID 33335917.