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Batley

Coordinates: 53°43′00″N 01°38′08″W / 53.71667°N 1.63556°W / 53.71667; -1.63556
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(Redirected from Municipal Borough of Batley)
For the name, see Batley (surname).

Batley
Town
Clockwise from top: Batley Library and War Memorial, All Saints' Church, Union Rooms on Hick Lane, Commercial Street, Town Hall
Batley is located in West Yorkshire
Batley
Batley
Location within West Yorkshire
Population39,013 (Wards, 2021 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSE245245
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Areas of the town
List
Post townBATLEY
Postcode districtWF17
Dialling code01924
PoliceWest Yorkshire
FireWest Yorkshire
AmbulanceYorkshire
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
53°43′00″N 01°38′08″W / 53.71667°N 1.63556°W / 53.71667; -1.63556
Skyline of Batley
Batley Cemetery

Batley is a market town in the Kirklees district, in West Yorkshire, England, south-west of Leeds, north-west of Wakefield and Dewsbury, south-east of Bradford and north-east of Huddersfield, in the Heavy Woollen District. In 2011, the population was 48,730.[2]

Batley Town Hall, designed in the neoclassical style, was paid for by public subscription and opened as the local mechanics' institute in 1854. The town was the home of Batley Variety Club, which was frequented by many notable musical acts, from 1967 onwards.

History

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Middle Ages

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Batley is recorded in the Domesday Book as 'Bateleia'. After the Norman conquest, the manor was granted to Elbert de Lacy and in 1086 was within the wapentake of Morley.[3] It subsequently passed into the ownership of the de Batleys, and by the 12th century had passed by marriage to the Copley family. Their residence at Batley Hall was held directly from the Crown; at this time the district was part of the Duchy of Lancaster.[4]

There has been a church in Batley since the 11th century. Batley Parish Church was built in 1485 and contains parts of a 13th-century predecessor.[5] Despite Batley being an ancient settlement, this is all that remains of any great antiquity.

Batley Town Hall

Howley Hall in Soothill was built during the 1580s by Sir John Savile, a member of the great Yorkshire landowners, the Savile family. The house was besieged during the English Civil War in 1643 before the Battle of Adwalton Moor but appears to have sustained no serious damage. It continued to be occupied during the 17th century but fell into disrepair. Howley Hall was destroyed in 1730. Among the numerous ruins that are still present are the cellars of its great hall.[6]

Methodism came to Batley in the 1740s through the evangelism of John Nelson, a lay preacher from Birstall and frequent companion of the movement's founder John Wesley.[7][8] Two leading figures in the early Methodist movement, John William Fletcher and Mary Bosanquet, were married at All Saints Church in Batley in 1781.[9] By the 1780s meetings were being held in the town and the first Methodist chapel was established around 1800.[7]

Industrial Revolution

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During the late 18th century, the main occupations in the town were farming and weaving. The Industrial Revolution reached Batley in 1796 with the arrival of its first water powered mills for carding and spinning. During the next half century the population grew rapidly, from around 2,500 at the start of the 19th century to 9,308 at the 1851 census. The parish of Batley at this point included Morley, Churwell and Gildersome, with a total population of 17,359.

Before the industrial revolution, wool was made in Batley for centuries as a cottage industry. Samuel Jubb, a 19th-century mill owner and local historian, noted that this was "a manufacture for which the place is well adapted, on account of its possessing a good supply of water and coal, and its central situation in relation to the principal local markets, being about equidistant from Leeds, Huddersfield, Bradford, Halifax, and Wakefield."[10]: 9–10  The water he referred to was not the beck but the large aquifer beneath the town, which was tapped for cleaning and dying wool.[10]

A toll road built in 1832 between Gomersal and Dewsbury had a branch to Batley (the present day Branch Road) which allowed for "the growing volumes of wool, cloth and coal" to be transported. Until then there had only been foot and cart tracks. Around the same time there were strikes in the mills, which led to an influx of Irish workers who settled permanently. Initially this led to antagonism from residents, due to the lower wages paid to the Irish workers and general anti-Roman Catholic sentiment, but this faded in time. By 1853 Catholic services were held regularly in the town; its first Roman Catholic church, St Mary of the Angels, was not built until 1870 and is still in existence.

By 1848 there was a railway station in Batley, and in 1853 Batley Town Hall was erected. It was enlarged in 1905, and is in the Neoclassical style, with a corbelled parapet and pilasters rising to a centre pediment. In 1868 Batley was incorporated as a municipal borough, the former urban district of Birstall was added to it in 1937.[11]

Batley Library

1853 also saw the establishment of a small confectionery shop by Michael Spedding. His business expanded, moving to larger premises in 1927 becoming Fox's Biscuits. Today, along with Tesco, it is one of the largest employers in the town.

The Mill, Batley

During the late 19th century, Batley was the centre of the shoddy and mungo trade in which wool, rags and clothes were recycled by reweaving them into blankets, carpets and uniforms.[12] In 1861 there were at least 30 shoddy mills in Batley. The owners of the recycling businesses were known as the "shoddy barons". There was a "shoddy king" and a "shoddy temple", properly known as the Zion Chapel. This imposing building in the town centre was opened in 1870, and reflected the popularity of the Methodist movement. The chapel is still active today.[13] In 1875 local woman Ann Ellis led a weavers strike against the shoddy mill owners who were planning to reduce wages.[14]

At the close of the 19th century, growth in population changed the form of governmental institutions above the parish of Batley; the Morley division of the wapentake of Agbrigg and Morley was disused as special purpose districts were formed.[citation needed]

The library was built in 1907 with funds donated by the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. The library has been modernised, with a microfilm viewer, and reels of the Batley News dating back 120 years. The newspaper was founded by James Fearnsides – a local printer. His grandson, Clement, later became the mayor of Batley. The first records of coal mining in Batley date back to the 16th century at White Lee; the last pit in the town closed in 1973.[citation needed]

Post-industrial history

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On the nights of 14 and 15 March 1941, the West Yorkshire area as a whole was subject to a Nazi air raid. Batley came through relatively unscathed with one unexploded ordnance being located near the Healey Mill area (opposite Healey Community Centre to be precise) whilst Cleckheaton, located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north-west, suffered from seven bombs that exploded as intended. Leeds, located 6 miles (9.7 km) north-east, went through two nights of damage as, "The raid caused more than 100 serious fires, damaged over 4,500 buildings and resulted in 65 people losing their lives."[15]

The manufacture of shoddy continued into the postwar period. A doctor posted to Batley hospital in 1952 described the town as "one of the last reminders of the industrial revolution as described by Dickens", riven by economic inequality and 'Victorian' diseases like rickets:[16]

In mid-winter, the hospital enjoyed brilliant sunshine on the snow-covered moors on either side of the narrow valley, reminiscent of Wuthering Heights. Nearby were the manor houses of the mill owners, flaunting Rolls-Royces in their porches. The town in the valley was, however, permanently enveloped in a thick blanket of smog spewed from the factory chimneys. The narrow valley was paved with cobbled stones with workers' houses interspersed between the factories. [...] Excess water due to rainfall or melting snow would enter the dwellings over their thresholds.

In 1974, responsibility for local government passed to Kirklees Metropolitan Council, with its headquarters in Huddersfield.

21st century

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Batley's Labour MP Jo Cox was shot and stabbed to death outside her constituency surgery in Birstall in June 2016.[17][18] The politically-motivated murder, carried out by a local man in the name of white supremacy, was the first assassination of a sitting British MP since 1990.[19][20] Her seat was filled by Labour candidate Tracy Brabin in a by-election later the same year, uncontested by the other major parties.[21]

Brabin was elected the first Mayor of West Yorkshire in 2021, triggering a high profile by-election in which Labour expected to struggle to retain the formerly safe red wall seat.[22] Former Labour MP George Galloway ran for the Workers Party of Britain, on a platform criticising newly-elected Labour leader Keir Starmer and targetting issues important to the local South Asian Muslim community.[23] Labour candidate Kim Leadbeater, the sister of Jo Cox, ultimately won the election by a narrow margin, following a campaign focused on local issues.[24] The governing Conservative's surprise loss was blamed on poor campaigning and a scandal involving Health Secretary Matt Hancock in the weekend prior to the by-election.[25][26]

The church of All Saints

In the 2024 general election, Labour lost the new Dewsbury and Batley constituency to Iqbal Mohamed, who was one of four independent candidates who won seats in heavily Muslim areas largely due to Labour's stance on the war in Gaza.[27]

Demography

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Places of worship
Batley Central Methodist Church, Holy Trinity Church, St Thomas Church, Madina Masjid and Masjud e Noor Mosque

From the end of the 1950s, the need for cheap labour in the town's textile industries drew in migrant labourers from Gujarat, Punjab, Pakistan and India. The South Asian population of Batley is now around 33% in Batley West and 54% in Batley East.[28]

Geography

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Batley includes the districts of Batley Carr, Carlinghow, Cross Bank, Hanging Heaton, Healey, Lamplands, Carlton Grange Mount Pleasant, Soothill, Staincliffe, Upper Batley and White Lee.

As Batley shares boundaries with both Dewsbury and Heckmondwike, parts of Batley Carr, Hanging Heaton and Staincliffe are part of Dewsbury, while part of White Lee is in Heckmondwike. There is an area of Ossett known as Healey, which is identical in name to the Batley district of Healey; the Ossett area is sometimes referred to as "Healey Mills" due to the very large congregation of mills that once existed in that area.

Transport

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Batley bus station

Batley bus station serves the town and is owned and maintained by West Yorkshire Metro. It is situated in Batley town centre and can be accessed from Bradford Road and St. James's Street. It was re-built by Metro in April 2005 replacing the previously owned Arriva Yorkshire site. There are six stands and a real-time information board at the bus station. Arriva Yorkshire is the main operator.[29]

Batley railway station is on the Huddersfield line between Leeds and Manchester.

Schools

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Batley Grammar School was founded in 1612 by the Rev. William Lee and is still in existence.[30]

Primary schools

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  • Batley Parish CE (VA) J, I and N School
  • Birstall Primary Academy
  • Carlinghow Princess Royal J, I and N School
  • Field Lane J, I and N School
  • Fieldhead Primary Academy
  • Hanging Heaton CE (VC) J and I School
  • Healey J, I and N School
  • Hyrstmount Junior School
  • Lydgate J and I School (Soothill)
  • Manorfield I and N School
  • Mill Lane Primary School (Hanging Heaton)
  • Park Road J.I and N School
  • Purlwell I and N School
  • St. Mary's Catholic Primary School, Batley
  • St. Patrick's Catholic Primary School, Birstall
  • Staincliffe CE (VC) Junior School
  • Warwick Road J.I and N School
  • Windmill Primary School

Secondary schools

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PRU

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  • Engage Academy
Commercial Street
Commercial Street, Zion Chapel

Landmarks

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See also: Listed buildings in Batley

Landmarks around Batley include Oakwell Hall, Bagshaw Museum, Wilton Park, Mount Pleasant stadium, and All Saints Church, a Grade I listed building.

Sport

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Batley Bulldogs' Mount Pleasant in 2016

The town is home to the professional rugby league club Batley RLFC[31] and junior football club Batley Juniors F.C. (formerly Carlinghow Boys F.C.) Carlinghow is also located in Batley.

In cricket, Batley has several local teams, and is also part of the cricket association for the Heavy Woollen District. The original definition of the latter area was to within a 6 miles (9.7 km) radius of Batley Town Hall. The Heavy Woollen Cup can now be entered by any team within 18 miles (29 km) of Batley, but there is an upper limit of 64 teams.

The Mount Cricket Club play at Staincliffe and currently in the Halifax Cricket League.

Culture

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Bagshaw Museum, with its distinctive copper tower, was originally the home of the Sheard family

Wilton Park (Batley Park) is a large park between the town centre and Birstall. In its grounds are the Milner K. Ford Observatory (built in 1966 and home to the Batley & Spenborough Astronomical Society) and Bagshaw Museum. The museum is located in a house built by the "shoddy baron", George Sheard, and features local history, natural history, curios from around the world, and an Ancient Egyptian exhibition. The museum (originally the Wilton Park Museum) is named after its first curator Walter Bagshaw, a Batley councillor and extensive traveller.

The Yorkshire Motor Museum had a small but varied collection of cars dating back to 1885, and reflecting local car makers as well as more famous marques. The museum closed in 2010.

Batley Art Gallery, in the Batley Library building, features contemporary art, craft and photography.

Between 1966 and 1977 the Batley Variety Club was frequented by many notable acts including Louis Armstrong, Johnny Mathis, Eartha Kitt, the Bee Gees, Roy Orbison, the Hollies and Cliff Richard among others. For a brief period it was named Crumpets, after which it was closed for four years surviving numerous applications to have the building demolished.[32] The club was then known as the Frontier nightclub from the late 1970s onwards. The Frontier was sold to businessmen in April 2005 and continued to operate as a nightclub whilst hosting variety shows and sporting events such as boxing, snooker and darts. The Frontier closed its doors for the final time in 2016 and following a £2 million refurbishment was successfully transformed into JD gym.

A dramatic society was founded in October 1913 at Shelton's café at 53 Commercial Street to present dramatic works to raise funds for Batley and District Hospital. On 8 January 1914 at a meeting in the Temperance Hall, it was decided that it would be known as the “Batley Amateur Thespian Society” and it became affiliated with the National Operatic and Dramatic Association.

Media

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Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Emley Moor transmitter and the local relay transmitter situated in the town centre. [33]

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Leeds, Heart Yorkshire, Capital Yorkshire, Hits Radio West Yorkshire, Greatest Hits Radio West Yorkshire, and Rhubarb Radio, a community based station that broadcast from Wakefield. [34]

The town is served by the local newspaper, Dewsbury Reporter.

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Batley was used for location filming of the fictional town of Barfield in the 1955 film Value for Money, starring John Gregson and Diana Dors.[35] Monty Python's Flying Circus had a series of recurring sketches in which the members of the Batley Ladies Townswomen's Guild would present famous plays or musicals, or re-enact various historical battles (such as the Battle of Pearl Harbor), by charging at each other, swinging handbags and wrestling in the mud.[36]

Notable people

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Further information: Category:People from Batley

The following people are or were from Batley:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Batley (West Yorkshire, Yorkshire and the Humber, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Population profile: Selection: Batley M.B. Geo-type: Parish, Towns, North and South Kirklees". Kirklees Observatory. Kirklees Council. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021. Select "Batley M.B." from "Available Areas"
  3. ^ Batley in the Domesday Book. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  4. ^ Batley Official Guide and Industrial Review 1966, page 55. Home Publishing Co Ltd H/12392/B/K
  5. ^ Historic England. "Church of All Saints, Stocks Lane (1134620)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  6. ^ Historic England. "Howley Hall; a 16th century country house and gardens (1016323)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  7. ^ a b Dews, Colin D. "Batley, Yorks". A Dictionary of Methodism in Britain and Ireland.
  8. ^ Hargreaves, John A. "Nelson, John". A Dictionary of Methodism in Britain and Ireland.
  9. ^ Brown, Earl Kent (1983). Women of Mr. Wesley's Methodism. New York: Edwin Mellen. p. 142. ISBN 978-0889465381.
  10. ^ a b Jubb, Samuel (1860). The History of the Shoddy-trade: Its Rise, Progress, and Present Position. London: Houlston and Wright.
  11. ^ Batley Official Guide and Industrial Review 1966, pages 20,56. Home Publishing Co Ltd H/12392/B/K
  12. ^ Shell, Hanna Rose (2020). Shoddy: From Devil's Dust to the Renaissance of Rags. Chicago: University of Chicago. pp. 19–35. ISBN 9780226377759.
  13. ^ "Batley Central Methodist Church". 2017.
  14. ^ Reynolds, Melanie (13 June 2024), "Ellis [née Waite], Ann (1843–1919), trade unionist and power- loom weaver", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000382494, ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8, retrieved 17 June 2024
  15. ^ "The Leeds Blitz | Leeds Beckett University". www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  16. ^ Antia, N. H. (February 2004). "A shoddy town named Batley". The Lancet. 363 (9409): 662. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15612-2. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 14987905.
  17. ^ Booth, Robert; Dodd, Vikram; Parveen, Nazia (16 June 2016). "Labour MP Jo Cox has died after being shot and stabbed". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  18. ^ "Jo Cox MP dead after shooting attack". BBC News. 16 June 2016. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  19. ^ Cobain, Ian; Parveen, Nazia; Taylor, Matthew (23 November 2016). "The slow-burning hatred that led Thomas Mair to murder Jo Cox". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  20. ^ Rentoul, John (16 June 2016). "Jo Cox Dead: A History of violence against MPs". Independent. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  21. ^ "Tories retain Witney and Labour holds Batley and Spen in byelections". The Guardian. 21 October 2016. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  22. ^ "Is Batley and Spen Labour's next by-election headache?". The Independent. 8 May 2021. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  23. ^ Batten, Dave (28 May 2021). "George Galloway enters Batley and Spen by-election race, vowing to oust Keir Starmer as Labour leader". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  24. ^ "Batley & Spen: Labour candidate says election is about local area not party leader". ITV News. 10 June 2021. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  25. ^ Balls, Katy (2 July 2021). "The Batley and Spen by-election was a setback for the Tories – but Matt Hancock was not entirely to blame". i. Archived from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  26. ^ Quinn, Ben (2 July 2021). "Anger over Hancock affair a factor in byelection defeat, says Tory co-chair". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  27. ^ Kiran, Stacey (5 July 2024). "Senior Labour figures admit stance on Gaza cost party seats". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  28. ^ "Neighbourhood Statistics - Home Page". Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  29. ^ "Batley Bus Station". Metro. Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  30. ^ "About BGS". Batley Grammar School. BGS. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  31. ^ "History". Batley Bulldogs. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  32. ^ Teale, Connor (27 December 2020). "The star power of Batley Variety Club - by those who knew it best". YorkshireLive. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  33. ^ "Freeview Light on the Batley (Kirklees, England) transmitter". May 2004.
  34. ^ "Yorkshire Radio Stations". Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  35. ^ "Remembering when the streets of Batley were transformed into a movie set". Dewsbury Reporter. 26 December 2021.
  36. ^ Cogan, Brian; Massey, Jeff (18 March 2014). Everything I Ever Needed to Know About _____* I Learned from Monty Python. St. Martin's Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-4668-4216-8.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Batley.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Batley".
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