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M. Muhammad Ismail

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Quaid-e-Millat
M. Muhammad Ismail
M. Muhammad Ismail on a 1996 postage stamp of India
Member of the Madras State Legislative Assembly
In office
1946–1952
Member of the Indian Constituent Assembly
In office
1948–1952
Member of the Rajya Sabha
In office
1952–1958
Member of the Lok Sabha
In office
1962–1972
ConstituencyManjeri
Personal details
Born(1896-06-05)5 June 1896
Tirunelveli, Madras Presidency, British India
Died5 April 1972(1972-04-05) (aged 75)
Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
Political party
SpouseJamal Hameeda Bi
RelationsK.T.M. Ahmed Ibrahim Sahib (brother)
ChildrenJamal Miakhan (son)

M. Muhammad Ismail (5 June 1896—5 April 1972) was an Indian politician and social worker from southern Indian state Tamil Nadu. he was a founder of the Indian Union Muslim League party after the partition of British India.[1][2] He was popularly known in Tamil Nadu and Kerala as the "Quaid-e-Millat" ("the Leader of the Nation").[3] Ismail was a member of Madras Legislative Assembly and Leader of the Opposition (1946—52).[1] He was also a member (1948—50) of the Constituent Assembly, the drafting body of the constitution of India. He was also a member of Rajya Sabha (1952—58) and Lok Sabha (3rd, 1962—67, 4th, 1967—70 and 5th, 1971—72).[1]

Early life and career

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M. Muhammad Ismail Rowther was born in Pettai, Tirunelveli, in what is now the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, on 5 June 1896 to Maulavi K. T. Miakhan Rowther in a Tirunelveli Rowther family.[1][4] He was educated at C. M. S. College and Hindu College at Tirunelveli and later at St. Joseph's College, Trichinopoly and Christian College, Madras.[1]

Ismail started the 'Young Muslim Society' in his home town Tirunelveli Pettai in 1909 ( as a 13-year-old).[1][4] He was also instrumental in establishing Majlis ul-Ulama ('the Council of Islamic Scholars') in 1918.[1] He went into business in the 1920s and became a leader of Madras leather industry and eventually of Madras commerce.[4]

Ismail married Jamal Hameeda Biwi in November 1923.[1] Ismail's brother, K. T. M. Ahmed Ibrahim, was also a principal leader of the All-India Muslim League in Madras Presidency.[5] Ismail served as Vice President, Muslim Educational Association of Southern India and Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam. He was also a founding member of the Tamil Valarchi Kazhagam, Madras.[1]

Political career

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With the All-India Muslim League

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Success in Madras commerce led Ismail into Indian politics.[4] Along with K. M. Seethi Saheb, B. Pocker and K. Uppi Saheb, he was one of the principal leaders of All-India Muslim League in Madras Presidency from the mid-1930s.[5]

In 1945, he became the President of the Madras Presidency unit of the All-India Muslim League.[1] In the elections to the Madras legislature, the League won all but ten of the reserved seats in 1936 and all in 1946.[5] The League emerged as the second largest party in the Assembly after the 1946 elections and Ismail served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly during 1946–52.[1][6][7][8]

With the Indian Union Muslim League

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Indian Union Muslim League leadership with Muhammad Ismail in 1954.

When British India was partitioned into India and Pakistan, the All-India Muslim League was virtually disbanded (December, 1947).[5] Ismail, the then President of the Madras Muslim League, was chosen as the Convener of the Indian segment of the League.[5] The Indian members of the League formed the Indian Union Muslim League at Madras (first council in March, 1948 and constitution passed in September, 1951).[5] Ismail was chosen as the first President of Indian Union Muslim League.[1]

After partition of India, Muslims were still well represented in the Constituent Assembly, the drafting body of the constitution of India (almost all of these lawmakers had been elected on League tickets). Only those from Madras Presidency formally adhered to the League.[5] Ismail was elected from the Madras Legislative Assembly to the Constituent Assembly in 1948.[1][6][7][8] When the report of the Advisory Committee on Minorities was debated (1949), Ismail moved a motion for the retention of reserved seats for Muslims and a separate communal electorate. The Assembly summarily rejected this motion.[5] Ismail Sahib wanted Tamil to be the Official Language of India.[9]

Attempts for an alliance

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In the 1950s, Ismail started negotiating with the stubborn High Command in New Delhi (through the Madras leadership) for an electoral alliance with the Congress.[5] Some informal or local alliances with the Madras Congress were realized.[5] The party thereupon suffered a rout in the 1957 General Elections and witnessed a major split in 1961 (instigated by Mohammed Raza Khan, M. S. A. Majeed and K. T. Sheriff).[5] League in due course allied with Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Swatantra Party.[5]

In 1952, Ismail was elected to the Rajya Sabha from Madras with support of the independent candidates endorsed by the League.[4]

As a Member of Parliament from Kerala

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When the state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act in 1956, Ismail his constituency to northern Kerala. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Manjeri Parliamentary Constituency three times – in 1962 (Third Lok Sabha), 1967 (Fourth Lok Sabha) and 1971 (Fifth Lok Sabha) as an Indian Union Muslim League candidate.[1]

During the 1962 India-China War, Ismail famously offered to send his son Mian Khan to join the Indian Army to fight against China.[10]

General Elections
General Election Constituency Winner Party Runner up Margin
1962 (Third) Manjeri M. Muhammad Ismail Indian Union Muslim League Muhammed Kunju (CPI) 4,328
1967 (Fourth) Manjeri M. Muhammad Ismail A. N. Beevi (Congress) 107,494
1971 (Fifth) Manjeri M. Muhammad Ismail S. P. Mumammed Ali (Ind.) 119,837

Business career

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Ismail went into business in the 1920s and was involved in various commerce committees.[1][4] He was a noted businessman of the Madras Presidency involved in leather and meat industry.[11]

The boards and committees he was a member of include:

  • Madras Port Trust Board, Madras Board of Industries, Madras Provincial Marketing Board, Madras Excise Licensing Board, and South India Railway Advisory Committee.[1]
  • Industrial Planning Committee (Government of Madras), South India Chamber of Commerce and Industry (once Vice-President of the Chamber), Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, and Court of Aligarh Muslim University.[1]
  • Indian Council of Agricultural Research (Hides and Skins), Hides Cess Enquiry Committee, Mica Enquiry Committee, Chairman of Leather and Leather Goods Committee, Government of Madras, Honorary Secretary and Vice-President of Southern India Skin and Hide Merchants Association, Madras and President, Madras State Mutton Dealers Chamber.[1]

Legacy

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M. Muhammad Ismail died in 1972 (after a prolonged illness).[12] Indian National Congress politician M. Bhaktavatsalam, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, paying his tribute, described Ismail as a "a model for all Opposition leaders".[4]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "M. Muhammad Ismail (Fifth Lok Sabha Members. Profile)". Lok Sabha. Government of India.
  2. ^ Wright, Theodore P. (1966). "The Muslim League in South India since Independence". The American Political Science Review. 60 (3): 582–583. doi:10.2307/1952972. JSTOR 1952972. S2CID 143572105.
  3. ^ Wright, Theodore P. (1966). "The Muslim League in South India since Independence". The American Political Science Review. 60 (3): 597. doi:10.2307/1952972. JSTOR 1952972. S2CID 143572105.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Muthiah, S. (1 May 2017). "Who was Quaid-e-Millat?". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wright, Theodore P. (1966). "The Muslim League in South India since Independence". American Political Science Review. 60 (3): 579–599. doi:10.2307/1952972. JSTOR 1952972. S2CID 143572105.
  6. ^ a b Ralhan, Om Prakash (1998). Encyclopaedia Of Political Parties. Vol. 33–50. Anmol Publications. p. 13. ISBN 978-81-7488-865-5.
  7. ^ a b Dash, Shreeram Chandra (1968). The Constitution of India: A Comparative Study. Chaitanya Publishing House. p. 532.
  8. ^ a b Sundararajan, Saroja (1989). March to Freedom in Madras Presidency, 1916–1947. Madras: Lalitha Publications. pp. 623–636.
  9. ^ "சிறப்பு கட்டுரை: காயிதே மில்லத் தமிழரா?". News18 Tamil (in Tamil). 5 June 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  10. ^ Nair, Preetha (19 April 2019). "A Coloured Scheme Of Things". Outlook Magazine.
  11. ^ Bhattacharjee, Rupanwita (29 September 2018). "Muhammad Ismail, Indian Muslim League Pioneer who Wanted Hindustani as Official Language". The Print.
  12. ^ Lok Sabha Debates. Lok Sabha Secretariat. 1972. p. 274.
  13. ^ "University of Madras: Aided Colleges". University of Madras. Archived from the original on 21 February 2006.
  14. ^ Panneerselvan, A. S. (16 June 1997). "Name Of The Game". Outlook Magazine.
  15. ^ "DISCUSSION". Parliament of India.

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