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List of military equipment of Islamic State

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This is a list of some of the military equipment formerly and currently used by the Islamic State (IS).[1][2]

Small arms

Assault and battle rifles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
MAS-36[3] Bolt-action rifle ?  France Seen service by IS insurgents in Syria, 2019.
Karabiner 98k Bolt-action rifle  Nazi Germany At least one found in a weapon stash in Iraq.[4]
SKS Semi automatic rifle

 Soviet Union

Captured from Syrian Army.[5]
AK-47 Assault rifle Unknown  Soviet Union Captured from Syrian Army, some upgraded with Picatinny rails.[6]
AKM Assault rifle Unknown[7]  Soviet Union Captured from Syrian Army.
AK-74M Assault rifle Unknown[7]  Russia

AK-103 Assault rifle  Russia Captured from Libyan Army.
AK-63 Assault rifle Unknown[8][unreliable source?]  Hungary Captured from Syrian Army.
AMD-65 Assault rifle Unknown[8][unreliable source?]  Hungary Captured from Syrian Army.
Zastava M70 Assault rifle Unknown  Yugoslavia M70B1, M70AB1, and M70AB2 variants used.[7]
Type 56 assault rifle Assault rifle Unknown  China Type 56-1 and Type 56-2 variants also used.[7]
MPi-KM Assault rifle Unknown[8][unreliable source?]  East Germany Captured from Syrian Army.
Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965 Assault rifle Unknown[8][unreliable source?]  Socialist Republic of Romania Captured from Syrian Army.
vz. 58[9] Assault rifle Small quantities  Czechoslovakia Likely captured from Iraqi stockpile.
Kbk AKMS Assault rifle  Poland Used in Iraq and Syria.[10][11]
Type 68 Assault rifle  North Korea At least 18 were found in a weapons stash in northeast Syria.[12]
Bushmaster XM-15[13] Semi automatic rifle  United States
M16 rifle

(Very Limited)

Assault rifle Unknown[8][unreliable source?]  United States Captured from Iraqi Army and police.[14] M16A2 variant. Popular within IS.
StG 44[15] Assault rifle 2,200+  Nazi Germany Around 5,000 captured by rebel forces, in common use until mid 2017 as ammunition reserves depleted.
Norinco CQ[16] Assault rifle  China
Daewoo K2C[17] Assault rifle  South Korea Most likely seized during delivery to the Iraqi Army, or captured from Iraqi troops.
Heckler & Koch G36[18] Assault rifle  Germany
FN FAL[16] Battle rifle  Belgium used in Libya
Heckler and Koch G3[16] Battle rifle  West Germany used in Yemen

Sniper rifles and anti-material rifles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Mosin–Nagant Sniper rifle  Russian Empire Limited use, mostly used by fighters in Iraq.[6]
Dragunov SVD Designated marksman rifle Unknown[7]  Soviet Union
PSL/FPK[19] Designated marksman rifle  Socialist Republic of Romania
Tabuk Designated marksman rifle Unknown[7]  Iraq Captured from the Iraqi Army.
M14 EBR (Limited) Designated marksman rifle  United States Captured from the Iraqi Army or Syrian opposition.[20]
Elmech EM 992 [hr][7] Sniper rifle  Croatia
Steyr SSG 69 Sniper rifle  Austria Limited use.[18]
AM-50 Sayyad[7] Anti-materiel rifle  Iran
M99[7] Anti-materiel rifle  China

Machine guns

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
PK General-purpose machine gun  Soviet Union Both PK and PKM variants used.[7]
Type 67-2 General-purpose machine gun  China Used in Iraq.[10]
Type 80[10] General-purpose machine gun  China Captured from Syrian Army.
Rheinmetall MG3[7] General-purpose machine gun  West Germany
M240[7] General-purpose machine gun  United States
M249[7]

Light machine gun

 United States
RP-46[7] Light machine gun  Soviet Union
RPK[7] Light machine gun  Soviet Union Both RPK and RPK-74 variants used.[7]
Type 81 Light machine gun  China Used in Iraq.[10]
Browning M1919A6[7] Medium machine gun  United States
KGK[7] Medium machine gun  Hungarian People's Republic
DShK Heavy machine gun  Soviet Union Stolen from the Iraqi or Syrian army.[21]
KPV Heavy machine gun  Soviet Union KPV and KPVT variants used.[22]
M2 Browning Heavy machine gun  United States M2HB variant used.[22]

Shotguns

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Benelli M3[citation needed] Combat shotgun  Italy Seen on a beheading video.
Franchi SPAS-12 [citation needed] Combat shotgun  Italy
Double-barreled shotgun Break action shotgun

Pistols

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Glock 17[23] Semi-automatic pistol  Austria
Glock 19 Semi-automatic pistol (some converted to full-auto)[24]  Austria
Browning Hi-Power[14] Semi-automatic pistol  Belgium
Beretta M9 Semi-automatic pistol  United States Licensed copy of the Beretta 92FS.[7]
Beretta M1951[25] Semi-automatic pistol  Italy
Walther P99[7] Semi-automatic pistol  Germany

Explosives, anti-tank weapons, grenade launchers, and anti-aircraft launchers

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Various IEDs Improvised explosive device Large quantities  Islamic State Made with ANFO or explosives scavenged from unexploded US-made bombs.[26]
Mk 2 grenade Hand grenade  United States
Multiple caches.[27]
M62 grenade Hand grenade  United States
Multiple caches.[28]
RGD-5[29] Hand grenade  Soviet Union Captured from Iraqi and Syrian stockpiles.
F1[29] Hand grenade  Soviet Union Captured from Iraqi and Syrian stockpiles.
HG 85 Hand grenade  Switzerland
Shipped to Syria by the UAE via Jordan.[30]
RBG-6 Grenade launcher  Croatia Used in Syria and Iraq.[21]
B-10 Recoilless rifle  Soviet Union Stolen from the Iraqi or Syrian Army.[21]
SPG-9[31] Recoilless rifle  Soviet Union
M40 Recoilless rifle 1[21]  United States M40_105_mm_RR Seized from the Syrian opposition.[21]
M60[22] Recoilless rifle  Yugoslavia
RPG-7 Rocket propelled grenade launcher Large quantities  Soviet Union Commonly used.[21]
RPG-18 Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union Used in Iraq.[32]
RPG-22 Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union Used in Iraq and Syria.[33]
RPG-26 Rocket-propelled grenade  Soviet Union Used in Syria.[32]
RPG-75[22] Recoilless rifle  Czechoslovakia
Type 69 RPG Rocket propelled grenade  China Type 69-I variant used.[10]
M79 Osa[34][35] Anti-tank rocket launcher  Yugoslavia
MILAN[31] Anti-tank missile  France

BGM-71 TOW[36] Anti-tank missile  United States Captured from FSA.
9K111 Fagot[22] Anti-tank missile  Soviet Union
9K115-2 Metis-M[22] Anti-tank missile  Russia
9M133 Kornet[31] Anti-tank missile  Russia
HJ-8[22] Anti-tank missile  China Captured from the FSA.[35]
FN-6[37] Man-portable surface-to-air missile 1[38]  China Reportedly used on October 3, 2014 in Baiji to shoot down an Iraqi Mi‑35M helicopter.[37]
9K32 Strela-2[37] Man-portable surface-to-air missile 8[38][39]  Soviet Union "Limited, aging stock."[39]
9K34 Strela-3[31] Man-portable surface-to-air missile  Soviet Union
Hwaseong-Chong[39] Man-portable surface-to-air missile 1[39]  North Korea
FIM-92[9] Man-portable surface-to-air missile  United States Stolen Iraqi stockpiles.[35]

Artillery

Mortars

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Al-Jaleel 60 mm mortar 60 mm infantry mortar Large quantities[40]  Iraq
82-BM-37 82 mm infantry mortar Large quantities[40]  Soviet Union
82-PM-41 82 mm infantry mortar Large quantities[40]  Soviet Union
M120[31] 120 mm heavy mortar  United States
Improvised mortars Heavy mortar  Islamic State Caliber varies from 80 to 100 mm.[40]

Towed guns

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
85 mm divisional gun D-44 Field gun[38] 1[38]  Soviet Union
122-mm howitzer D-30[41] Howitzer 2[39]  Soviet Union
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)[38] Howitzer 2[38]  Soviet Union
D-74 122 mm field gun[38] Field gun 6 (2015)[39]  Soviet Union
M-46[41] Field gun 34[38]  Soviet Union
M198 howitzer Howitzer Up to 5[42]  United States Captured from Iraqi Army.

Rocket artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
Type 63[31] Multiple rocket launcher  China

Anti-aircraft guns

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZU-23-2[41] Towed anti-aircraft twin autocannon 83 (2015)[38][39]  Soviet Union Usually mounted on technicals.[38]
AZP S-60 Anti-aircraft gun 21[38][39]  Soviet Union Some mounted on technicals.[31]

Vehicles

Logistics and utility vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
UAZ-469 Off-road military light utility vehicle 8[38][39]  Soviet Union Captured in Iraq.
MTVR 6×6 tactical military truck 9[38]  United States 10 vehicles were seized by ISIL. 3 vehicles were captured from Iraqi Forces and paraded through Mosul during the aftermath of Mosul's fall in June 2014. 3 others were also paraded at an unknown location and date. 1 was turned into a VBIED and triggered at an unknown location and date. 3 were captured and paraded through Raqqa during the aftermath of the Raqqa campaign (2012–2013).
M548 Tracked cargo carrier 2[38]  United States ISIL has seized 2 vehicles. The first one was captured from Iraqi-Shia militants in Khalidiya Island and the second one was captured from the PMF's 30th Brigade in the "Al-Sajr" area.
Ural-4320 6×6 off-road military truck 9[38]  Soviet Union Captured in Iraq.
Tatra 148 Truck 1[6]  Czechoslovakia Captured from the Syrian Army.[6]
Tatra 815 Truck 1[6]  Czechoslovakia Captured from the Syrian Army.[6]
GAZ-3308 Truck 1[6]  Russia Captured from the Syrian Army.[6]
MAZ-6317 Truck 3[39]  Belarus Captured in Syria.
KrAZ-6322 Truck 5[38]  Ukraine At least one was transferred to IS forces in Syria.[39]
Daewoo Novus Truck 11[38]  South Korea Captured in Iraq.
HMMWV Military light utility vehicle ≈2,300 (2015)[43][44][45][46]  United States Many captured from Iraqi Army. Main vehicle used by IS in SVBIED operations.

Most of them were taken back by the Iraqi army since IS defeat. Some of them were destroyed while the damaged ones were refurbished and made operational again. (4:15 mins)[47]

Technicals Improvised fighting vehicles Varies from hundreds to thousands.  Islamic State Hundreds of variants exist, including SVBIED versions.
Safir Off-road military light utility vehicle 1+[6]  Iran Captured from the Syrian Army.[6]

Tanks and armored fighting vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BMP-1 Amphibious Infantry fighting vehicle 25[38]  Soviet Union Captured from the armies of Iraq, Syria, and other factions such as SDF and FSA. Some converted to SVBIED.
BTR-4 Amphibious Infantry fighting vehicle 3[38]  Ukraine 3 vehicles were seized by ISIL. 2 were captured from Iraqi Forces around October 2016 after ISIL conducted an offensive to retake the town of Ar-Rutbah where they were driven out. The other one was captured at an unknown location and date.
Type 69-II Main battle tank 17[38]  China Captured in Iraq.[48]
Leopard 2A4 Main battle tank At least 2  West Germany Captured from Turkey in the Battle of al-Bab during Euphrates Shield; Amaq News Agency posted video of captured 2A4s.[49]
M1A1 Main battle tank At least 10  United States captured from Iraqi Army during their retreat in the Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015).[50]
Eagle Main battle tank None, all destroyed or captured.  Nigeria Captured from the Nigerian Army by Boko Haram.
MT-LB[51]
 Amphibious Armoured personnel carrier unknown[39]  Soviet Union
BRDM-2[38] Amphibious Scout car 6[38]  Soviet Union
MRAP Infantry mobility vehicle 13[41]  United States Captured from the Iraqi Army and Police.
M113 APC Armoured personnel carrier 52[39]  United States Captured from the Iraqi[52] and the Egyptian Army. Some converted to SVBIED.
Mowag Piranha[53][54] Armoured personnel carrier At least 2   Switzerland Operated by Boko Haram, probably captured from the Nigerian Army.
Saurer 4K 4FA[55] Armoured personnel carrier  Austria Operated by Boko Haram, probably captured from the Nigerian Army.
Panhard AML-60[56] Armored car  France Operated by Boko Haram, probably captured from the Nigerian Army.
VBL[57] Scout car  France Operated by Boko Haram, probably captured from the Nigerian army.
T-55/55MV/AM/AMV Main battle tank At least 82 (2015)[38][39][58]  Soviet Union Captured from the Iraqi Army, Syrian Army and Libyan militias.[8] Many destroyed or captured. Some converted to SVBIED.
T-62 Obr. 1967/Obr. 1972 Main battle tank 15 (2015)[38]  Soviet Union Possibly captured from Syrian Army, one destroyed near Kobani, another with reinforced turret knocked out near Ma'adan.
T-72/72M/A/AV /TURMS-T/M1 TURMS-T Main battle tank 22 (2015)[38][39]  Soviet Union Possibly captured from the Syrian Army.

Self-propelled artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
2S1 Gvozdika Self-propelled artillery 3-4[38][41]  Soviet Union Captured from Syrian army.
ZSU-23-4 Shilka[31] Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 2[39]  Soviet Union Captured from the Syrian army.
BM-21 Grad[41] Multiple rocket launcher 11[38]  Soviet Union Captured from Syrian army.

Aircraft

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
L-39ZA Jet trainer/Ground-attack aircraft 3 (2 operational, as of 2014)[59]  Czechoslovakia Originally four. Captured by Jaysh al-Islam at the Jirah airfield on 12 February 2013. One was subsequently destroyed during a SAAF bombing.[60] Two were repaired to airworthiness and shown taxiing during a propaganda video released by Jaysh al-Islam.[61] Project abandoned upon the airfield's capture by ISIL.[62]
MiG-21 Interceptor aircraft 7 (unknown amount operational, as of 2014)[63]  Soviet Union Captured at the Jirah airfield on 30 August 2012. Flown by ex Iraqi pilots and were operated from the Jirah airfield.[64][63]
Commercial civilian drones Unmanned aerial vehicle Many[65][66][67][68][69]  Iran Some were captured from the Syrian Army and Iran. ISIL demonstrated the use of a reconnaissance drone in "Clanking of the Swords IV" (June 2014) and in October 2014 over Kobanî in the John Cantlie video and the Tabqah Air Base video. The three drones in Syria were shot down over Kobanî by Kurdish forces defending the city,[70][71] and by the Syrian Army over an airbase.[69]
Improvised bombing and surveillance drones (mostly quadcopters)[72] Unmanned aerial vehicle 80+[72]  Islamic State Large numbers of originally civilian drones are used by ISIL, often heavily adapted to be used for bomb attacks, spy missions, propaganda, etc. These drones are mostly controlled by the Al Bara’ bin Malik Brigade, part of the aviation sector of the Islamic State’s Committee for Military Manufacturing and Development.[72]

Watercraft

ISIL has been using a mix of watercraft to transport fighters around the Tigris River and Euphrates River and has been referred to as their unofficial riverine navy.[73] US forces have come across small watercraft that can ply rivers to carry troops, equipment and in some cases act as floating IEDs.[73]

Weapons production

IS has an indigenous weapons industry. Their workshops can produce identical copies of the RPG-7 and SPG-9. In addition, they have developed an indigenous rocket launcher, which comes in four varieties. Two variants fire PG-9 munitions at short and long range. A third fires PG-7V munitions and the fourth fires an unspecified thermobaric munition. They also produce grenades to be fired from the muzzle of an AK pattern rifle or dropped from a drone. They also produce mortar ammunition and rockets.[74]

See also

Bibliography

  • Iraq: Taking stock: The arming of Islamic State (PDF) (Report). Amnesty International. 7 December 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  • International Institute for Strategic Studies (9 February 2016). The Military Balance 2016. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85743-835-2.
  • Weapons of the Islamic State – A three-year investigation in Iraq and Syria (PDF) (Report). London: Conflict Armament Research. December 2017.
  • Islamic State Weapons in High-Profile Operations in North-East Syria (Report). London: Conflict Armament Research. January 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.

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