Myxarium

Myxarium
	Myxarium nucleatum, USA
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Auriculariales
Family:	Hyaloriaceae
Genus:	Myxarium; Wallr. (1833)
Type species
	Myxarium nucleatum; Wallr. (1833)
Species
	M. cinnamomescens; M. cirratulum; M. crozalcii; M. crystallinum; M. evanidum; M. frumentaceum; M. fugacissimum; M. grilletii; M. hyalinum; M. legonii; M. mesomorphum; M. minutissimum; M. mirabilis; M. podlachicum; M. populinum; M. rotundum; M. simile; M. varium;
Synonyms
	Microsebacina P. Roberts (1993);

Myxarium is a genus of fungi in the family Hyaloriaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are gelatinous and effused or pustular. The genus is cosmopolitan. All species grow on dead wood or dead herbaceous stems.

Taxonomy

History

The genus was originally described by Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wallroth in 1833 based on the visible white inclusions in the basidiocarps of the type species, Myxarium nucleatum, which he interpreted as spores^[1] (they are in fact crystals of calcium oxalate). The genus was synonymized with Exidia by subsequent authors, until revived by Dutch mycologist M.A. Donk in 1966.^[2] The revised concept of Myxarium emphasized the microscopic presence of septate basidia with enucleate stalk cells ("myxarioid" basidia), a feature absent in Exidia. Additional species were added to the genus on this basis.^[3]

Current status

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates that Myxarium is distinct from Exidia and forms a natural (monophyletic) group of species related to the type.^[4] Not all fungi with "myxarioid" basidia belong to the genus, however, and at least one species (M. fugacissimum) lacks such basidia.^[5]^[6]

References

^ Wallroth KFW. (1833). Flora cryptogamica Germaniae. Vol II. Nuremberg. p. 923. (description on page 260)
^ Donk MA. (1966). "Check list of European hymenomycetous Heterobasidiae". Persoonia. 4: 145–335.
^ Hauerslev K. (1993). "The genus Myxarium (Tremellales) in Denmark". Mycotaxon. 49: 235–256.
^ Weiss M, Oberwinkler F. (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships in Auriculariales and related groups – hypotheses derived from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences". Mycological Research. 105 (4): 403–415. doi:10.1017/S095375620100363X.
^ Spirin V, Malysheva V, Larsson KH. (2019). "On some forgotten species of Exidia and Myxarium (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)". Nordic Journal of Botany. 36 (3). doi:10.1111/njb.01601. hdl:10138/326188.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Spirin V, Malysheva V, Roberts P, Trichies G, Savchenko A, Larsson KH. (2019). "A convolute diversity of the Auriculariales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) with sphaeropedunculate basidia". Nordic Journal of Botany. 37 (7): 1–26. doi:10.1111/njb.02394. hdl:10138/326153. S2CID 190866428.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Wallroth1833-1] Wallroth KFW. (1833). Flora cryptogamica Germaniae. Vol II. Nuremberg. p. 923. (description on page 260)

[Donk1966-2] Donk MA. (1966). "Check list of European hymenomycetous Heterobasidiae". Persoonia. 4: 145–335.

[Hauerslev1993-3] Hauerslev K. (1993). "The genus Myxarium (Tremellales) in Denmark". Mycotaxon. 49: 235–256.

[Weiss&Oberw2001-4] Weiss M, Oberwinkler F. (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships in Auriculariales and related groups – hypotheses derived from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences". Mycological Research. 105 (4): 403–415. doi:10.1017/S095375620100363X.

[Spirin2017-5] Spirin V, Malysheva V, Larsson KH. (2019). "On some forgotten species of Exidia and Myxarium (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)". Nordic Journal of Botany. 36 (3). doi:10.1111/njb.01601. hdl:10138/326188.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Spirin2019-6] Spirin V, Malysheva V, Roberts P, Trichies G, Savchenko A, Larsson KH. (2019). "A convolute diversity of the Auriculariales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) with sphaeropedunculate basidia". Nordic Journal of Botany. 37 (7): 1–26. doi:10.1111/njb.02394. hdl:10138/326153. S2CID 190866428.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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