Jump to content

2009 Honduran constitutional crisis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Micheletti regime)

The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis[1][2][3] was a political dispute over plans to either rewrite the Constitution of Honduras or write a new one.

Honduran President Manuel Zelaya planned to hold a poll on a referendum on a constituent assembly to change the constitution. A majority of the government, including the Supreme Court and prominent members of Zelaya's own party, saw these plans as unconstitutional[4][5] as they could lead to presidential reelection, which is permanently outlawed by the Honduran constitution.[6] The Honduran Supreme Court upheld a lower court injunction against a 28 June poll.[7] However, the constitutional process for dealing with this situation was unclear; there were no clear procedures for removing or prosecuting a sitting president. The crisis culminated in the removal and exile of Honduran president Manuel Zelaya by the Honduran military in a coup d’état.

On the morning of 28 June 2009, approximately 100 soldiers stormed the president's residence in Tegucigalpa and put him on an airplane to San José, Costa Rica. Zelaya immediately called this a "coup" upon his arrival.[8] Later that day, the National Congress voted to remove Zelaya from office, having read without objection a purported letter of resignation. Zelaya said the letter was forged.[9] Roberto Micheletti, the President of Congress and next in the presidential line of succession, was sworn in as interim president[10][11] and declared a "state of exception", suspending civil liberties on 1 July[12][13] and various curfews were imposed, some nationwide.[14][15]

State of emergency

[edit]

On 21 September 2009, Zelaya returned in secret to Honduras, after several attempts to return had been rebuffed. It was announced that he was in the Brazilian embassy in Tegucigalpa.[16] The next day, the Micheletti government declared a state of emergency and suspended five constitutional rights for 45 days,[17] specifically:

The decree suspending human rights was officially revoked on 19 October 2009 in La Gaceta.[20]

Reaction

[edit]

These events garnered widespread condemnation as a coup d’état.[21] The United Nations, the Organization of American States (OAS),[22] and the European Union condemned the removal of Zelaya as a military coup, and some of these condemnations may still remain unretracted. The OAS rejected an attempt by Honduras to withdraw from the organisation[23] and then suspended the membership of Honduras the following day.[24][25] Domestic opinion remained very much divided, with demonstrations both for and against Zelaya.[citation needed]

Efforts by Costa Rican President Óscar Arias[26] and the United States[27][28][29] to effect a diplomatic solution between Micheletti and Zelaya initially resulted in a proposal by President Arias calling for Zelaya's return to the presidency, albeit with curtailed powers.[30] Arias's proposal also stipulated political amnesty and moved the Honduran general elections up by a month, pushing them to take place in October.[31] The US supported the San José Accord, but negotiations ultimately broke down. The two parties were unwilling to come to any lasting agreement.[32][33][34][35]

Election

[edit]

Zelaya (elected in January 2006) insisted that the elections of 29 November should not be a precondition to his return to power.[36]

Honduran leaders refused to reinstate Zelaya, pending the elections,[37][38] but international support for the elections remained scant leading up to the polls.[39] Many Hondurans sought to move past the crisis with the elections, which had been scheduled previous to Zelaya's ouster.[40] Zelaya urged a boycott of the vote.

Initial returns indicated a larger than usual turnout, around 60%,[41] a figure subsequently revised downward to 49%.[42] Zelaya also disputed those figures at the time.[43] Some Honduran activists ended their daily protests demanding the reinstatement of Zelaya because he was ousted in a coup, since Congress voted to keep Manuel Zelaya out of office.[44]

The crisis drew to a close with the inauguration of the newly elected president, Porfirio Lobo, on 27 January 2010. A deal allowed Zelaya to leave the Brazilian embassy and go into exile in the Dominican Republic.[45][46]

Background

[edit]

Political and socioeconomic divide in Honduras

[edit]

Two-thirds of Honduras citizens live below the poverty line, and unemployment is estimated at 28%.[47] It has one of Latin America's most unequal distribution of wealth: the poorest 10% of the population receives just 1.2% of the country's wealth, while the richest 10% collect 42%.[47] Approximately twenty per cent of the nation's GDP comes from remittances of workers from abroad.[47] The BBC called the huge wealth gap in a poor country as one of the reasons why the relations between the president and the other institutions were so strained and that his leftward movement alarmed certain sectors.[48]

Zelaya pushed for a referendum, insisting that Honduras' grinding poverty stemmed from a constitution written in 1982 at the height of that country's brutal repression of leftists – that rigs the game for the most powerful families and interests.[49]

Zelaya supporters, largely from labour unions and the poor, claim conservative business leaders are actually concerned because Zelaya had sharply increased the minimum wage. Víctor Meza, formerly Zelaya's interior minister, stated that: "The impression that stuck with the traditional political class and with the most conservative business leaders of the country was that Zelaya had taken a dangerous turn to the left, and therefore that their interests were in jeopardy." "We underestimated the conservatism of the Honduran political class and the military leadership."[50] John Donaghy of Caritas has said that the real conflict in Honduras is between the poor and wealthy: "It's a system that has kept the poor down for years."[51] To some members of Honduras's small upper class, Zelaya was ousted because of his blossoming leftist alliance with President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela which they recognised as a threat to their interests. To the working-class, it appeared Zelaya was ousted because the elite felt threatened by his efforts to improve their lives – most notably with a 60% increase in the minimum wage to about US$9.60 a day from about $6 a day. Some who protested in support of Zelaya had never voted for him.[52]

Zelaya presidency

[edit]
Manuel Zelaya

Manuel Zelaya, a businessman born into a wealthy Honduran family,[53] was elected in 2005 as the candidate of the country's historically powerful Liberal Party.[54] Zelaya's economic and social policies earned him praise from labour unions and civil society groups,[54] but alienated him from parts of his own party.[55] which were particularly upset by Zelaya's forging a regional alliance with the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA), established by Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez and other leaders in Latin America as a counter to the trade and security policies sponsored by the United States.[54] Zelaya also planned to convert the Soto Cano Air Base ("Palmerola"), where one of the three United States Southern Command Task Forces is located, into a civilian airport (it was already in use for many civilian flights because of safety concerns about Toncontín International Airport),[56] partly using financing from ALBA and Petrocaribe.[57][58] The New York Times reported that much of Zelaya's support was derived from labour unions and the nation's poor, while the middle and upper class feared Zelaya was seeking to establish Hugo Chávez's type of socialist populism with a powerful leader in the country.[59]

Zelaya's government was accused of harassing journalists[60][61] and also accused by the Organization of American States (OAS) of imposing "subtle censorship" in Honduras.[62]

According to The Economist, "Mr. Zelaya's presidency has been marked by a rise in crime, corruption scandals and economic populism."[55] By April 2009, a Mitofsky opinion poll showed that, of those consulted, only one in four respondents approved of Zelaya – the lowest approval rating of 18 regional leaders.[63]

Alliance with ALBA

[edit]
Hugo Chávez

On 22 July 2008, Zelaya announced plans to incorporate the country into the Bolivarian Alliance for the People of Our America (ALBA), an organisation founded by Hugo Chávez, and that the country had been an "observer member" for "four or more months".[64][unreliable source?] The Associated Press, citing Manuel Orozco of the Inter-American Dialogue, said his "campaign for changing the constitution has energized his support base of labour groups, farmers and civil organisations who have long felt marginalized in a country where a wealthy elite controls the media and much of politics".[citation needed]

The Honduran right opposed the ALBA alliance, and feared that Zelaya would move to eliminate the presidential term limit as other ALBA leaders had, whom they considered would-be dictators. According to National Party analyst Raúl Pineda Alvarado, Zelaya's attempt to modify the constitution was a "carbon copy" of what had happened in Venezuela, Ecuador and Nicaragua.[65] US Republican Newt Gingrich wrote in the Washington Examiner that Chávez had used ALBA to create "a tide of incipient dictatorship" flowing out of Venezuela into other countries in Latin America. He noted that Chávez had subverted democracy in Venezuela to ensure his rule would be uncontested for decades, and "one-by-one, each of the members of ALBA have followed Chavez's lead and changed their constitutions to remove limits on the number of terms their presidents can serve."[66] However, the notion of extending term limits in Latin America is not unique to ALBA countries, as efforts in Colombia have been made towards allowing President Álvaro Uribe seek re-election.[67]

Constitutional assembly plans

[edit]

As early as August 2006, Central America Report stated that "liberal sectors" were proposing to reform "obsolete articles" in the constitution, including one against presidential re-election. The Report said that this was causing controversy.[5] Debate regarding the convening of a constituent assembly took place in Honduras, with support from many groups. "The constitution has since 1980 been tweaked in other areas around thirty times, to the point where politicians of all camps are convinced that the document is no longer adequate. This is where the formal change proposed by Manuel Zelaya comes in: that in the November 2009 election-round, the voters will be presented with four ballot-boxes – the fourth one being used for a referendum on the question: "Do you agree with convening a constituent assembly to draw up a new constitution?"

On 11 November 2008, President Zelaya announced a non-binding referendum to see if the people wanted to have a fourth ballot box (or "Cuarta Urna") during the November 2009 election. The fourth ballot would ask voters whether they wanted to hold a National Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution. Zelaya, whose presidential term was to expire on 27 January 2010, would be ineligible, under the term-limitations of the present constitution, to run in the 2009 election.[68]

On 22 December 2008 Zelaya issued two emergency executive agreements ("acuerdos"), both numbered 46-A-2008, which each authorised transfer of L 30,000,000 of public money to advertising of his fourth ballot box. Only one was published in the official Gazette. The supposed advertisers paid no sales tax. The Supreme Audit Court's investigation of the advertising money raised concerns of irregularities.[69][70][71]

On 17 February 2009, at a public showcasing of tractor equipment received from Venezuela, Manuel Zelaya stated that he would propose a fourth ballot box.[72] On 24 March 2009, Zelaya called for a preliminary poll to be held on 28 June 2009 to gauge popular support for including the Constituent Assembly question in the November 2009 election.[73]

Constitutionality of referendum

[edit]

The President of the Congress, Micheletti, observed that Article 374 of the constitution states that no referendum can be used to alter the entrenched articles in the constitution that are specified in article 384.[73][74] He went on to insist that even to announce such a referendum privately is a crime (" . . . porque eso, incluso, anunciarlo privadamente es un delito.")[75]

Article 373 of the Constitution of Honduras states that the constitution can be modified by a two-thirds majority of the National Congress. However, Article 374 specifies that several articles are permanently entrenched; that is, they cannot be modified under any circumstances (Spanish: "en ningún caso").[76] The entrenched clauses include those on the system of government that is permitted, and the presidential succession.[77] Article 239 specifically prohibits the president from attempting to amend restrictions on succession, and states that whoever does so will cease "immediately" in his or her functions.[78] Zelaya's statement – "[t]he only one who can't be re-elected is the President, but re-election is a topic of the next National Constitutional Assembly" – is a declaration that some have argued violates Article 239.[79][80][81] Article 239, however, is not mentioned at all in the judicial case file.[82]

Court ruling

[edit]

On 25 March, the Attorney General's office formally notified President Zelaya that he would face criminal charges of abusing power if he proceeded with the referendum.

In late May, the court of contentious administration ruled the poll illegal. Honduras' Supreme Electoral Tribunal also ruled that such a poll would be illegal.[83] The lower court's injunction, against the poll, was upheld by the Supreme Court.[84] In late June, the intended consultative poll was also rejected by Congress.[59][85]

On 3 June, Congress passed a resolution warning Zelaya to correct his administrative conduct.[86]

On 11 June, the Bar Association of Honduras unanimously agreed that Zelaya was violating the law.[87] It asked Zelaya to stop the illegalities and recommended officials not follow his illegal orders.[87]

On 23 June 2009, Congress passed a law forbidding holding official polls or referendums less than 180 days before the next general election, which would have made 28 June poll illegal. Since this bill was passed after the poll was scheduled, Zelaya rejected its applicability to this case.[88]

The military is in charge of security and logistics in elections in Honduras. Zelaya asked them to perform their election role for the poll, but the head of the military command, General Romeo Vásquez Velásquez, refused the order to pass out the poll materials because the Supreme Court had ruled the poll to be illegal. On 24 June, Zelaya fired him.[13] Later that day, the defence minister and heads of the army, navy and air force resigned.[89] On 25 June, the Supreme Court ruled 5–0 that General Velásquez be reinstated.[59] Tribunal member David Matamoros affirmed the Electoral Tribunal's support for the military's actions.[83]

On 24 June, surveillance cameras captured how about US$2,000,000 in cash was withdrawn from the Central Bank of Honduras and allegedly driven to the office of Enrique Flores Lanza, Zelaya's chief of staff. The suspicious money was possibly used to finance the referendum.[90][91][92][93]

Just days before the referendum, Zelaya published executive decree PCM-019-2009, which revoked the earlier decree PCM-05-2009. Zelaya issued a new executive decree PCM-020-2009, another attempt to legalise the referendum.[94][95] According to a legal analysis by former Supreme Court President Vilma Morales, Zelaya stopped being President of Honduras.[96]

Seizure of ballots

[edit]

Ballots arrived from Venezuela on a plane and the ballot boxes were kept at the Tegucigalpa airport. The Supreme Electoral Tribunal ordered the illegal ballots to be confiscated. Investigators from the Ministerio Público and the Honduran attorney general's office arrived at the airport.[97][unreliable source?][98][99]

Zelaya led several hundred people to an air force base and took possession of the disputed poll ballots, which were then kept in the presidential palace to avoid their destruction.[83]

In late June, there were large marches both for and against the proposed fourth ballot box.[100][101][102]

The Supreme Court, Congress, and the military and the National Human Rights Commissioner recommended that voters stay home because the poll would be neither fair nor safe for voters.[103]

Coup d’état

[edit]

Supreme court detention order

[edit]

On 27 May 2009, the Administrative Law Tribunal issued an injunction against holding the poll at the request of Honduran Attorney General Luis Alberto Rubi. On 16 June the Court of Appeals unanimously upheld the 27 May injunction. On 18 June, the Administrative Law Tribunal ordered Zelaya to comply with the ruling in writing within five days. On 26 June the Supreme Court unanimously found that the president had not complied with 18 June order. It also found he was answerable to charges, brought by the Attorney General, for the crimes against the form of government, treason to the motherland, abuse of office and usurpation of functions that damaged the administration. To initiate the case, the Supreme Court appointed member Tomás Arita Valle,[104][105] who, on 26 June, issued a sealed (secret) order to detain Zelaya for the purposes of taking a statement.[106][107][108][109] Some pro-Zelaya supporters have sought to cast doubt on the Supreme Court's documentation.[110]

Zelaya's detention and first exile

[edit]

Soldiers stormed the president's residence in Tegucigalpa early in the morning of 28 June, disarming the presidential guard, waking Zelaya and putting him on a plane to Costa Rica.[106] In San José, Costa Rica, Zelaya told TeleSUR that he had been awakened by gunshots. Masked soldiers took his cell phone, shoved him into a van and took him to an air force base, where he was put on a plane. He said he did not know that he was being taken to Costa Rica until he landed at the airport in San José.[59] To the media, he described the events as "a coup" and "a kidnapping".[111]

Tanks patrolled the streets and military planes flew overhead. Soldiers guarded the main government buildings. The government television station and a television station that supported the president were taken off the air. Television and radio stations broadcast no news.[59] The electrical power, phone lines, and international cable TV were cut or blocked throughout Honduras.[112] Public transportation was suspended.[113]

Later that day, the Supreme Court issued a statement that it had ordered the army to arrest Zelaya.[13][114] On 30 June, the military's chief lawyer, Colonel Herberth Inestroza, showed Judge Arita's arrest order.[106] Colonel Inestroza later stated that deporting Zelaya did not comply with the court order, but that military leadership had decided to do so to avoid violence in Honduras, asking "What was more beneficial, remove this gentleman from Honduras or present him to prosecutors and have a mob assault and burn and destroy and for us to have to shoot?".[115] Inestroza also stated that Zelaya's allegiance to Chávez was hard to stomach and "It would be difficult for us, with our training, to have a relationship with a leftist government. That's impossible. I personally would have retired, because my thinking, my principles, would not have allowed me to participate in that."[115]

Ramón Custodio, the head of the country's human rights commission, said that Zelaya's exile was a mistake and that the military made an "error" sending Zelaya into exile rather than holding him for trial. Honduras's Supreme Court has agreed to hear a case brought by a group of lawyers and judges arguing that the military broke the law taking Zelaya out of the country.[116] In August 2009, Micheletti himself said that a mistake was made when Zelaya was exiled.[117]

Alleged impeachment and presidential succession

[edit]

A document purporting to be a resignation letter written by President Zelaya, dated 25 June, was read to congress.[118] Zelaya has said he did not write the letter. Later that day, in an extraordinary session Congress voted to remove Zelaya for manifest irregular conduct and putting in present danger the state of law.

The President of the National Congress was the next on the presidential line of succession because Vice-President Elvin Santos had earlier quit to run in the 2009 elections. The President of the National Congress was Roberto Micheletti, a member of Zelaya's party. By a show of hands, the National Congress – the majority of whom belonged to Zelaya's own Liberal party[119] – named Micheletti to complete the remaining months of the presidential term.[120][unreliable source?]

A clash between pro-Zelaya protesters and the Honduran military

At around 12:37 the Honduran National Congress unanimously agreed to:[121]

  • Under the Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 205, 220, subsections 20, 218, 242, 321, 322, 323 of the Constitution of the Republic,
    • Disapprove Zelaya's repeated violations of the constitution, laws and court orders.
    • Remove Zelaya from office.
  • Name the current President of Congress to complete the presidential term that ends on 27 January 2010.

Honduran institutions, including the National Congress, the Supreme Court, and the interim government, maintain Zelaya was replaced constitutionally. Arguments that Zelaya's ouster was illegal because the proper legal procedures were not used has been advanced by several lawyers.[122][123][124][125] Acting Honduran President Roberto Micheletti said forcing deposed President Manuel Zelaya to leave the country, instead of arresting him, was a mistake.[117][126][127]

Emergency measures by the interim government

[edit]
Demonstrators supporting Micheletti.

Acting President Roberto Micheletti ordered a curfew which initially lasted for the 48 hours from Sunday night (28 June) and to Tuesday (30 June).[128] The curfew law was not published in the official journal La Gaceta and was not approved by Congress.[128] Originally the curfew ran from 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.[129] That curfew was extended, changed, or renewed several times,[130] in ways Amnesty International and the International Observation Mission called "arbitrary".[128] On 1 July, Congress issued an order (decreto ejecutivo N° 011-2009) which extended restrictions between 22:00 and 05:00 local time and also suspended four constitutional guarantees, including freedom of transit, due process, and freedom from unwarranted search and seizure.[131]

The ambassadors of Cuba, Venezuela, and Nicaragua stated that on 29 June that they were detained and beaten by Honduran troops before being released.[112] Also, several allies of Zelaya were taken into custody by the military. Among them were: Foreign Minister Patricia Rodas; the mayor of the city San Pedro Sula, Rodolfo Padilla Sunseri; several congressmen of the Democratic Unification Party (PUD); and several other government officials.[59][112][132] A dozen former ministers from the Zelaya government, as well as PUD presidential candidate Cesar Ham, went into hiding.[133] A Venezuelan state-owned media outlet claimed that Tomás Andino Mencías, a member of the party, said that PUD lawmakers were led away by the military when they tried to enter the parliament building for 28 June vote on Zelaya's deposal.[134]

Several TV stations, radio stations, and newspaper's websites were temporarily shut down.[135] The Miami Herald reported that the "crackdown on the media" began before dawn on the 28th. It said that only pro-Micheletti stations were allowed to broadcast and that they carried only news friendly to the new government.[136] Associated Press personnel were detained and removed from their hotel, but later released.[137] A number of local reporters and media sources reported on harassment and restrictions.[135][137] Alejandro Villatoro, director of Radio Globo, said that he was arrested and "kidnapped" for some hours by the military.[138]

Honduran newspaper La Prensa reported on 30 June that an armed group of Zelaya supporters, attacked its main headquarters by throwing stones and other objects at their windows, until police intervened.[139][unreliable source?]

Events after 28 June

[edit]
Pro-Zelaya protesters marching in Tegucigalpa

Protests against the coup began almost immediately, as several thousand Zelaya supporters gathered near the Presidential Palace, confronting the guarding soldiers and lit tires on fire.[59] In response to daily pro-Zelaya protests, Congress approved a decree on 1 July that applied an overnight curfew and allowed security forces to arrest people at home and hold them for more than 24 hours.[140]

On 30 June, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution which called for the reinstatement of Zelaya as the President of Honduras. Zelaya spoke in front of the General Assembly where he was applauded several times. In his speech, Zelaya promised not to seek another term as President and said that he would not accept a second term if he were asked to serve again.[141]

30 June also saw the first rally in support of Zelaya's removal take place in the capital, as thousands of Zelaya opponents took to the main square. Roberto Micheletti made an appearance and said that the November general elections will be held as scheduled and that a new president will be sworn in on 27 January 2010.[142] General Romeo Vásquez Velásquez also attended and spoke at the rally.[143]

Anti-Zelaya demonstrators in Tegucigalpa

Honduras was formally suspended from the Organization of American States on 4 July, after the Micheletti government ignored an ultimatum by the OAS to re-instate Zelaya as president.[144] OAS Secretary General José Miguel Insulza had arrived in Honduras the previous day to negotiate Zelaya's return.[145]

Zelaya met with US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in Washington on 7 July. At this meeting, Zelaya agreed to a US-backed proposal for negotiation talks with Micheletti government representatives in Costa Rica set for 9 July.[146] The talks, with Costa Rican President Óscar Arias serving as mediator, proved unsuccessful, as both sides remained far apart according to regional leaders. The participants only agreed to meet again sometime in the future, as Zelaya left Costa Rica to gather more international support.[26]

Meanwhile, Micheletti announced that he accepted the resignation of his Foreign Minister Enrique Ortez, who, in a TV interview, had called US President Barack Obama "[un] negrito que no sabe nada de nada" ("a little black man who knows nothing about nothing"). The US Embassy in Honduras strongly condemned the comments, which Micheletti described as "a scandalous epithet".[26][147][148] However, Micheletti immediately reinstated Ortez as Minister of Government and Justice.

In mid-July Honduran Roman Catholic Cardinal Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga said that he supported Zelaya's removal from office, saying that Zelaya now "doesn't have any authority, moral or legal", while opposing his expulsion from the country.[149] On 15 July 2009, interim president Roberto Micheletti stated he would be prepared to step down "if at some point that decision is needed to bring peace and tranquility to the country, but without the return, and I stress this, of former President Zelaya".[150][151]

In a 16 July interview President Óscar Arias said that he had a mandate from 34 world governments to restore constitutional order in Honduras, by which he meant restore President Zelaya. He rejected Micheletti's proposal to step down if Zelaya did not return to power. He said, "we will see if we can talk of an amnesty, and for whom, over political crimes (veremos si se puede hablar de una amnistía, y para quiénes, sobre delitos políticos)". "Zelaya must abandon his goal of installing a fourth ballot box", he continued. Arias indicated he intended to propose a reconciliation government headed by Zelaya combined with political amnesty.[152]

Meanwhile, both pro- and anti-Zelaya demonstrations continued on an almost daily basis throughout the deeply polarised country.

Venezuela, Nicaragua and Cuba

[edit]

After Zelaya's exile, Chavez alleged that the Venezuelan ambassador was assaulted by Honduran soldiers; Chavez said that if the ambassador were killed or the Venezuelan Embassy were violated, this would constitute an act of war requiring a military response.[153] On 2 July, Honduran police arrested several Cubans and Nicaraguans present at demonstrations, and police sources claimed Venezuelans were active in the anti-coup movement.[154] On 5 July, Venezuelan media showed Hugo Chávez watching Zelaya's attempt to land. Accidentally visible in Chávez's office was the text "051345JUL09 Swarm of africanized bees, Presidential Podium, wounded by stings and desperation of the people", the military-style code for 5, 13 July:45 coincided with a violent confrontation in Honduras.[155][156][157][158] On 8 July, Colombia arrested 80 Venezuelans who attempted to travel to Honduras.[159] On 27 July, police confiscated a booklet in a car owned by Carlos Eduardo Reina, a leader of pro-Zelaya operations. It allegedly contained a list of 15 receipts, dated 24 July, and references to a meeting near Nicaraguan border. The receipts totalled 160,000 US dollars.[160][161] Hugo Chávez allegedly made payments to ambassadors of Honduras.[162][163]

In October 2009, Daniel Ortega hinted that the "Resistance" is searching for weapons and training centres. Hugo Chávez said "I'm just warning... no one to be surprised if there is an armed movement in the mountains of Honduras".[164][165][166]

Hondurans promoting peace and opposing Zelaya and Chávez.

Opposition to the interim government

[edit]

Much of the opposition to the de facto Micheletti government and its actions were coordinated through a wide coalition of grassroots organisations and political parties and movements formerly known as Frente Nacional contra el Golpe de Estado en Honduras (FNGE), now Frente Nacional de Resistencia Popular.[167] The FNGE aimed to restore elected President Manuel Zelaya in replacement of the de facto Roberto Micheletti government,[168][169] which is perceived by the participating organisations as a dictatorship, considering the documented human rights violations[170] since the coup d’état and the reappearance of figures involved in disappearances and torture[171] in former coups d’état. The FNGE supports a process of participatory democracy that should lead to a national constituent assembly.[172]

FNGE held marches every day since 28 June, except the days when a curfew was imposed, where demonstrations took place in grassroot neighbourhoods. Notable marches on 5 July 15 September, and 27 January involved over 200,000 people per day.[173]

Human rights complaints

[edit]

A number of groups have published reports, including COFADEH,[174] International Federation of Human Rights,[175][unreliable source?] "La Misión Internacional de Solidaridad, Observación y Acompañamiento a Honduras",[176][unreliable source?] "Quixote Center Emergency Delegation of Solidarity, Accompaniment and Witness",[177] Amnesty International,[128][178] the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR),[179] and Human Rights Watch[180] that documented instances of sexual violence, excessive use of military force, arbitrary detentions, threats at gunpoint against judges responsible for habeas corpus detention and beating members of the media and several confirmed deaths and disappearances allegedly attributable to the de facto government.

19-year-old Isis Obed Murillo Mencías was shot in the head on 5 July when Zelaya's plane was trying to land at Toncontin Airport;[174][181] Roger Iván Bados, former union leader, member of the Democratic Unification Party and Bloque Popular, shot dead on 11 July while entering his home in San Pedro Sula;[177] 40-year-old campesino leader and Democratic Unification Party member Ramón García on 12 July, after he was forced by unknown people to get off a bus;[174][177] 23-year-old Pedro Magdiel Muñoz Salvador, allegedly detained by police during anti-coup protests and taken to an El Paraíso police station on 24 July, was allegedly found at 6:30 am the following morning with 42 stab wounds;[182][183][184] 38-year-old high school teacher Roger Abraham Vallejo Soriano, shot in the head allegedly by security forces during protests on 31 July, died on 1 August[176][185][186] On 3 July, Radio América journalist Gabriel Fino Noriega was murdered near La Ceiba.[187]

On or just before 4 August 2009, the National Telecommunications Commission (CONATEL) terminated Radio Globo's transmission frequency rights.[188] The Paris-based press freedom group Reporters Without Borders released a statement on 29 June stating that, "The suspension or closure of local and international broadcast media indicates that the coup leaders want to hide what is happening."[189] Carlos Lauría of the New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists said: "The de facto government clearly used the security forces to restrict the news... Hondurans did not know what was going on. They clearly acted to create an information vacuum to keep people unaware of what was actually happening." However, in an interview published on 9 July 2009 in The Washington Post, Ramón Custodio López, Honduras's human rights ombudsman, said he had received no official complaints from journalists: "This is the first I have heard about an occupation or military raid of a station," he said. "I try to do the best job I can, but there are things that escape my knowledge."[190]

On 21 August 2009, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) dispatched a six-member delegation which reported accusations it received. The delegation was told of alleged violent confrontations and arbitrary arrests. Someone even accused police of rape. Some alleged that judges were threatened "at gunpoint". According to the received allegations, 3,500 and 4,000 people had been arrested. The IACHR also received accusations that the government has threatened, detained and beaten members of the media. Based on the statements it received, the delegation concluded that there was "an atmosphere of intimidation that inhibits the free exercise of freedom of expression".[179] On the same day, 93 academics and authors, mostly from United States universities, criticised Human Rights Watch's lack of statements and reports on Honduras between 8 July and 21 August.[191][unreliable source?] Four days later, Human Rights Watch published a summary of the IACHR report and stated that it had published reports up to 8 July and that human rights supporters had encouraged the IACHR to "directly [intervene]".[180] ABC News (United States) claimed that HRW had "commissioned" the IACHR report.[192]

Violent confrontations with media continued from both Zelaya supporters and opponents during the week of 12 August 2009.[193]

On 10 October, Honduras' interim leaders put in place new rules that threaten broadcasters with closure for airing reports that "attack national security", further restricting media freedom following the closure of two opposition stations.[194]

Zelaya's secret return to Honduras

[edit]

Zelaya made two initial, open attempts to return to his country, which were rebuffed. On 5 July he attempted to return by air, and the Micheletti government responded by closing Toncontín International Airport and sending the military to guard the runways.[citation needed] As thousands of Zelaya supporters gathered at the airport to meet him, one was confirmed dead and scores injured,[195] when "several soldiers walked through [the crowd] and began firing indiscriminately".[196]

On 26 July, Zelaya briefly entered into Honduran territory, at a border crossing between Honduras and Nicaragua near Las Manos in El Paraíso Department.[197]

On 21 September 2009, Zelaya and his wife arrived at the Brazilian embassy in Tegucigalpa. Zelaya stated that to reach the embassy he travelled through mountains for fifteen hours, and took back roads to avoid checkpoints, but he did not state from which country he entered Honduras. He stated to Canal 36 that "I am here in Tegucigalpa. I am here for the restoration of democracy, to call for dialogue".

Michelletti initially denied that Zelaya had returned. After admitting the return, he issued a curfew and asked the Brazilian government to put Zelaya in Honduran custody to be put on trial. Brazilian foreign minister Celso Amorim stated that Brazil did not aid Zelaya's return.

Thousands of Zelaya supporters soon congregated around the embassy. Security Vice-Minister Mario Perdomo ordered checkpoints to be placed on highways leading to Tegucigalpa, to "stop those people coming to start trouble". Defense Minister Lionel Sevilla suspended all air flights to Tegucigalpa. Late that day, Honduran security forces used tear gas and batons to disperse the crowds outside the Brazilian embassy. The interim government also surrounded the area with military and several agencies reported that 'hooded men' had stormed the building next to the embassy. About 50 pro-Zelaya supporters have been reported wounded by police.

Electricity was cut off to the embassy area and Canal 36 TV; however, Radio Globo sent out a broadcast that included a call for generators and a pledge by the head of the electrical workers union to send technicians which shortly led to power being restored to the immediate area. The curfew was then extended until 6:00 pm the following day, a drastic measure because it means that all workplaces will be closed during daylight hours.[198][199][200][201][202][203]

Installed inside the embassy, Zelaya complained of harassment from the Micheletti government aided by Israeli mercenaries. He claimed they had installed a mobile phone jammer, which he showed to the press,[204][205] and assaulted the occupants of the embassy with toxic gases and radiation,[204] which allegedly caused nose or stomach bleeding or related symptoms in over 25 people inside the embassy.[206]

On 24 September, Brazil called an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council.[207] The Brazilian foreign minister Celso Amorim told the Security Council that "since the day it has sheltered President Zelaya at its premises, the Brazilian Embassy has been virtually under siege" and that "it has been submitted to acts of harassment and intimidation by the de facto authorities".[208][209] The UN Security Council defended the inviolability of Brazilian embassy and "called upon the de facto government of Honduras to cease harassing the Brazilian embassy and to provide all necessary utilities and services, including water, electricity, food and continuity of communications".[209][210]

Amnesty International representative Susan Lee described human rights violations by Micheletti's security forces following Zelaya's return as "alarming".[211] These included a "sharp rise in police beatings" and hundreds of arrests of political demonstrators throughout Honduras, and intimidation of human rights defenders by police firing tear gas canisters into the building of the human rights NGO Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos en Honduras (COFADEH), at a moment when about 100 people were in the COFADEH office, many who were in COFADEH to report human rights violations earlier that day.[211] Dozens of the protestors detained were held in unauthorised detention sites in Tegucigalpa on 22 September.[211] Amnesty International also reported limits imposed by the de facto authorities on free speech, in which Radio Globo and the TV channel 36 "suffered power stoppages or constant interruptions to their transmissions which prevented them from broadcasting".[211] Susan Lee stated "The only way forward is for the de facto authorities to stop the policy of repression and violence and instead respect the rights of freedom of expression and association."[211]

On 28 September 2009, after pressure from home and abroad, Micheletti said that he would lift his decree suspending civil liberties. As of 2 October 2009, Mr. Micheletti had not done so, but told a visiting delegation of Republican members of the US Congress that he would lift the decree and restore civil liberties by Monday, 5 October 2009 at the latest, according to a spokesman for a member of the delegation.[212] On 5 October 2009, Micheletti said that he was lifting the decree but also said that the pro-Zelaya media that had been closed down by the de facto government, Radio Globo and Canal 36 TV, would have to appear before the courts to regain their broadcast permits.[213] On 19 October 2009, the decree was reversed in the official gazette.[214]

Negotiations and accord

[edit]

On 29 October 2009, the de facto Micheletti government signed an agreement with Zelaya's negotiators that would allow the Honduran Congress to vote on whether the ousted president would be restored and allowed to serve out the few remaining months of his term.[215] Zelaya chose not to give a list of candidates for the unity government to Micheletti, arguing that the Congress was unacceptably delaying the agreed-upon vote on his restoration.[32][33]

When Micheletti announced he had, unilaterally, formed the unity government without input from Zelaya, Zelaya declared the agreement "dead" early on 6 November.[34] The United States sent diplomats to help to resurrect the pact,[35] but Zelaya insisted that he would not accept any deal to restore him to office if it meant he must recognise the elections of 29 November.[36]

Elections

[edit]

With Micheletti indicating that he would temporarily step down to allow voters to concentrate on the upcoming presidential elections,[216] and congressional and judicial leadership refusing to reinstate Zelaya before the elections,[37][38] Panamá,[217] Costa Rica,[218] and the United States indicated that they would support the outcome, but international support for the elections remained scant leading up to the polls.[39]

In the days preceding the elections, United States,[219] Israel, Italy, Colombia, Panama, Peru, Germany, Costa Rica and Japan also announced their intentions to recognise the results of the elections.[220][221][222][223][224][225]

Organisations and individuals in Honduras, including the National Resistance Front against the coup d’État in Honduras,[226] Marvin Ponce of the Democratic Unification Party,[226] and Bertha Oliva of Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos en Honduras,[227] and internationally, including Mercosur,[228] President Cristina Kirchner of Argentina[228] and the Union of South American Nations,[229] said that elections held on 29 November under Micheletti would not be legitimate.

On 29 November 2009, a presidential election was held, according to the Honduran constitution. Five candidates ran for president. Early returns indicate that conservative Porfirio Lobo was elected with around 55% of the votes.[230] Official numbers for the turnout of the election placed it at around 60%,[41] which was subsequently officially revised down to 49% – a considerable decline on the 55% 2005 election turnout.[231]

The European Parliament did not send observers.[232] However, observers were sent by the centre-right European People's Party, who reported a "high degree of civic maturity and exemplar democratic behaviour" during the elections.[233]

Zelaya-reinstatement proposal rejected by Congress

[edit]

On 2 December, the National Congress debated regarding the possible reinstatement of Zelaya to the presidency. A vast majority of the lawmakers voted against Zelaya's reinstatement. The 128 member Congress voted 111 to 14 against reinstating Zelaya, affirming its 28 June decision.[234] This decision was made as part of the Tegucigalpa/San Jose Accord, and called on the International Community to respect the decision. Almost all congressmen from Zelaya's own political party as well as the opposition National Party voted against the reinstatement, and supported the victory of Porfirio Lobo Sosa as the new president of Honduras in the November 2009 elections.[235]

Zelaya criticised the vote and urged governments not to restore ties with the incoming administration of Porfirio Lobo. "Today, the lawmakers at the service of the dominant classes ratified the coup d’état in Honduras," Zelaya said in a statement released shortly after the vote. "They have condemned Honduran to exist outside the rule of law.".[236]

On 4 December, Juan Barahona-led activists ended five months of daily protests demanding the reinstatement of Zelaya, saying they are moving on now that Congress has voted to keep Manuel Zelaya out of office. Juan Barahona, who had been leading protests since late June when Zelaya was forced out of the country, said that his supporters are "closing that chapter" of their struggle. Barahona said it's time for Hondurans who support policies in favour of the poor and other themes that Zelaya espoused to shift their focus to the 2013 elections.[44]

Second exile

[edit]

On 20 January 2010, the Dominican Republic and President-elect Porfirio Lobo agreed to a deal that would allow Zelaya to be transported safely from the Brazilian embassy in Tegucigalpa where he had been, to the Dominican Republic upon Lobo taking office on 27 January. Lobo stated that he would ensure Zelaya would leave safely and "with dignity".[237][238][239] Lobo negotiated with Dominican President Leonel Fernández. Lobo also discussed the situation with former presidential candidates who signed a statement on the agreement, as well as requesting that sanctions placed against Honduras as a result of the incident be lifted.[240] The next day, Zelaya agreed to the deal, while a close advisor said he would remain politically active and hope to later return to political activity.[241][242]

Zelaya's return after charges dropped

[edit]

In May 2011 a court in Honduras dropped all corruption charges against Zelaya, allowing him to return to Honduras.[243] He did so on 28 May 2011 to a massive reception at Toncontin International Airport.[244][245] On 1 June the OAS voted to re-admit Honduras into the OAS.[243]

Future developments

[edit]

In 2015, a Supreme Court decision during the Juan Orlando Hernández administration invalidated Article 239 of the Constitution, allowing him to run for re-election in 2017 (and allowing all former presidents to run for the office again). Zelaya stated that he believed the court did not have a right to unilaterally terminate the Article, again calling for a referendum on the issue.[246][247] The decision bypassed the entrenched nature of the Article as it was overturned by a court decision, rather than an attempted amendment. After her election, President Xiomara Castro stated that she wished to seek annulment of the order repealing Article 239.[248]

Public opinion

[edit]
Polling organization:
Dates of polling:
MOE and sample size:
CID-Gallup[249][250]
Aug 2008-Jul 2009
+/- 3.3% (>1000 adults)
COIMER & OP[251]
23–29 Aug.
+/− 4% (1,470 surveys)
Greenberg Quinlan Rosner[252]
9–13 Oct. 2009
(621 individuals)
Do you favor Zelaya's expatriation? Yes 41% / No 46% / NR 13% Yes 17.4% / No 52.7% / NR 29.9% Yes 38% / No 60% / NR 3%
Did Zelaya's actions justify his removal from office? Yes 41% / No 28% / NR 31%
Favor constitutional convention to resolve crisis? Yes 54% / No 43% / NR 11%
Favorable opinion of Manuel Zelaya? Favorable 46% / Unfavorable 44% Favorable 44.7% /
Unfavorable 25.7% /
"Regular" 22.1% / NR 7.5%
Warm 37% / Cool 39% (Personal opinion)
Approve 67% / Disapprove 31% (Government actions)
Favorable opinion of Roberto Micheletti? Favorable 30% / Unfavorable 49% Favorable 16.2% /
Unfavorable 56.5% /
"Regular" 17.1% / NR 10.2%
Warm 28% / Cool 57% (personal opinion)
Approve 48% / Disapprove 50% (Government actions)
Favorable opinion of Hugo Chávez? Warm 10% / Cool 83% (personal opinion)
Zelaya should be restored? Yes 51.6% / No 33% / NR 15.4% Yes 46% / No 52% / NR 2% (Full powers)
Yes 49% / No 50% / NR 1% (Limited powers)
Elections should go forward even if crisis unresolved? Yes 66.4% / No 23.8% / NR 2.9% Legitimate 54% / Illegitimate 42% / NR 4%


International reaction

[edit]

No foreign government recognised Micheletti as president.[253] US President Barack Obama, along with leaders and officials of governments throughout the hemisphere and the rest of the world, condemned the removal of President Zelaya as undemocratic and called the action taken against him a coup d’état.[254][255][256] However, in the United States, the Congressional Research Service (a nonpartisan entity within the Library of Congress working on behalf of the United States Congress), after studying the relevant texts of Honduran law, determined that "The Supreme Court of Honduras has constitutional and statutory authority to ... request of the assistance of the public forces to enforce its rulings," and did not misapply its authority in this case: "Available sources indicate that the judicial and legislative branches applied constitutional and statutory law in the case against President Zelaya in a manner that was judged by the Honduran authorities from both branches of the government to be in accordance with the Honduran legal system."[257][258]

Americas-based international organisations such as the Organization of American States, Mercosur, and the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas also condemned the events. Over ten Latin American countries, as well as all European Union countries,[259] agreed to withdraw their ambassadors from Honduras until Zelaya is returned to power.[260]

  •  United Nations: A one-page resolution, passed by acclamation in the then 192-member body, condemned the removal of Zelaya as a coup and demanded his "immediate and unconditional restoration" as president.[261] The resolution calls "firmly and categorically on all states to recognize no government other than that" of Zelaya.[262]
  •  Americas: The OAS called for an emergency meeting on Sunday,[13][263] where it approved a resolution demanding "the immediate, safe and unconditional return of the constitutional president, Manuel Zelaya".[264] Secretary General José Miguel Insulza called the situation "a military coup".[265] On 4 July 2009, the OAS carried out a prior ultimatum by unanimously suspending Honduras.[266]
  •  United States: The United States Department of State condemned the ouster of Zelaya and continued to recognise him as the only constitutional president of Honduras.[13][267][268] Although US officials characterised the events as a coup, suspended joint military operations on 1 July,[269] suspended all non-emergency, non-immigrant visas,[270][271] and cut off certain non-humanitarian aid to Honduras,[272][273] they have held back from formally designating Zelaya's ouster a "military coup", which would require them to cut off almost all aid to Honduras.[274][275][276][277] However, on 24 September, the Law Library of Congress issued a report stating that the Honduran Congress had constitutional power to remove Zelaya from office, but indicating that his expatriation was unconstitutional.[278] On 29 October, LLOC refused to retract the report.[279] The State Department warned the Micheletti government that it might not recognise the results of 29 November elections if Zelaya were not allowed to return to power first,[280] but ultimately recognised the elections at the last second, despite Zelaya not having been returned to power.[281]
  •  European Union: The European Union called on the Honduran military to release the president and "restore constitutional order".[13] All EU ambassadors had left the country by 2 July.[259]
  • The World Bank: World Bank President Robert Zoellick stated that the World Bank had "paused" all lending for development programs to Honduras, said to be around US$80 million for the next fiscal year.[282]
  • The nine members of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas announced in a joint statement that they would not recognise any new government in Honduras.[283]
  •  Caribbean: In a press release, CARICOM denounced the coup and voiced its concern over the treatment of Honduran and diplomatic officials during the coup. "The Caribbean Community condemns the military action which has interrupted the democratic process in Honduras and which contravenes the principles of the Inter-American Democratic Charter. The Community therefore calls for the immediate reinstatement of President Zelaya."[284]
  • The Association of Caribbean States condemned the coup in a statement and called for Zelaya's reinstatement. Additionally it stated, "we highlight our condemnation of the brutal treatment that Honduras military personnel gave to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Patricia Rodas as well as the Ambassadors of Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela. This situation is a serious violation of International law, and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations."[285]
  •  Mercosur and  Paraguay: President of Paraguay and current president pro tempore of Mercosur Fernando Lugo condemned the coup and said that no member state of Mercosur will recognise a Honduran government that is not led by Manuel Zelaya. Lugo also called for those behind the coup to be punished by serving prison sentences.[286]
  •  South American Union and  Chile: Chilean president Michelle Bachelet, speaking on behalf of her government and UNASUR, condemned the coup.[287]
  • The Inter-American Development Bank (IADB): IADB President Luis Alberto Moreno stated that the IADB is pausing all new loans to Honduras until democracy is restored.[288]
  • The Central American Bank for Economic Integration: Central America's development bank says it is provisionally freezing credits to Honduras.[289]

Reactions of individual countries are dealt with in the International reaction to the 2009 Honduran coup d’état.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Honduras in crisis over president re-election bid". Reuters. 25 June 2009. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
  2. ^ Stebbins, Will (8 November 2009). "Winners and losers in Honduras". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  3. ^ "Timeline: The Honduran Crisis". AS/COA Online. 12 November 2009. Archived from the original on 15 January 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
  4. ^ "Q&A: Crisis in Honduras". news.bbc.co.uk. BBC. 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 6 July 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  5. ^ a b "Latin American election statistics". University of California, San Diego Library. 2006: Central America report, 4 August 2006.
  6. ^ Rosenberg, Mica (28 June 2009). "Army overthrows Honduras president in vote dispute". Reuters. Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  7. ^ "Honduras Congress Communiqué explaining why ex President Zelaya was removed". Retrieved 9 July 2009.
  8. ^ "Honduran leader forced into exile", BBC, 28 June 2009;
    One hundred soldiers: "Honduran Leader's Populism is what Provoked Military Violence" Archived 23 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Benjamin Dangl, Alternet, 1 July 2009.
    Ten guards: "Honduras supreme court 'ordered arm coup'" Telegraph, 28 June 2009.
  9. ^ "Honduran Congress names provisional president". CNN. 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 26 December 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  10. ^ Longman, Jeré (21 June 2010). "Spain 2, Honduras 0 – Spain Impresses, but Still Has Work To Do". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  11. ^ Booth, William; Forero, Juan (29 June 2009). "Honduran Military Ousts President". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  12. ^ "High noon in Honduras" Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Laura Carlsen, Alternet, 4 July 2009.
  13. ^ a b c d e f "Honduran leader forced into exile". BBC News. 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  14. ^ El nuevo presidente de Honduras decreta el toque de queda
  15. ^ Honduras suspende el toque de queda
  16. ^ "Ousted leader returns to Honduras". BBC News. 21 September 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  17. ^ Redacción BBC Mundo. "Honduras: estado de sitio durante 45 días". BBC. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  18. ^ Ordaz, Pablo (28 September 2009). "Micheletti ordena el cierre de los medios de comunicación afines a Zelaya". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  19. ^ Giordano, Al (27 September 2009). "Honduras Coup Leader Micheletti Decrees 45-Day Suspension of Constitution". Narco News. Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  20. ^ Rosenberg, Mica; Palencia, Gustavo (19 October 2009). "Honduras de facto leader lifts ban on media, protests". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  21. ^ Romero, Simon (28 June 2009). "Rare Hemisphere Unity in Assailing Honduran Coup". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  22. ^ "OAS condemns Honduras coup, demands return of Zelaya". World Bulletin. Reuters. 29 June 2009. Archived from the original on 2 July 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  23. ^ "(Jim Wolf), July 4, 2009". Reuters. 4 July 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  24. ^ "The Special General Assembly of the Organization of American States (OAS) decided today to suspend immediately the right to participate in the institution of Honduras following the coup d'Etat that expelled President José Manuel Zelaya from power". press release. OAS. 5 July 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  25. ^ Markey, Patrick (5 July 2009). "Ousted Honduran leader departs on flight for home". Reuters. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  26. ^ a b c "Honduras talks end without accord". BBC News. 11 July 2009. Archived from the original on 12 July 2009. Retrieved 12 July 2009.
  27. ^ "Honduras' ousted president, government sign pact". AP via Yahoo News. 30 October 2009. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
  28. ^ "GuaymurasFirmado". 30 October 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
  29. ^ "Diálogo Guaymuras". LaTribuna.hn. 31 October 2009. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
  30. ^ Malkin, Elisabeth (19 July 2009). "Mediator proposes reinstating Honduran leader". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  31. ^ "Honduras' Zelaya says he returns for peace, dialogue". Xinhua. 22 September 2009. Archived from the original on 25 September 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  32. ^ a b "Zelaya: US-brokered pact for Honduran crisis fails". AP via Yahoo News. 6 November 2009. Archived from the original on 7 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  33. ^ a b "Zelaya atrasa integración de gobierno de unidad (Zelaya delays integration of unity government)". ElHeraldo.hn. 6 November 2009. Archived from the original on 10 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  34. ^ a b "Deal over Honduran crisis 'dead'". BBC. 6 January 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  35. ^ a b "US diplomat in Honduras trying to revive pact". AP via Yahoo News. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original on 12 November 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
  36. ^ a b "Ousted Honduran president won't recognize vote". AP via Yahoo News. 15 November 2009. Archived from the original on 18 November 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  37. ^ a b "Honduran Congress will rule on Zelaya after vote". AP via Yahoo News. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.[dead link]
  38. ^ a b "Honduran court: Zelaya shouldn't be restored". Associated Press. 26 November 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2009.[dead link]
  39. ^ a b Malkin, Elisabeth (29 November 2009). "Weary of Political Crisis, Honduras Holds Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
  40. ^ "Honduras hopes to move past coup with election (Version 1)". AP via Yahoo News. 29 November 2009. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
  41. ^ a b "Honduras voting for new president". BBC News. 29 November 2009. Archived from the original on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  42. ^ "AFP: Honduras revises down participation in disputed polls". AFP. 4 December 2009. Archived from the original on 13 December 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  43. ^ "Ousted Honduran leader urges region to reject vote". AP via Forbes.com. 1 December 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2009.[dead link]
  44. ^ a b "Zelaya supporters say it's time to move on". AP via Yahoo News. 4 December 2009. Archived from the original on 13 December 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  45. ^ "New Honduran leader to take office, ending turmoil". AP in Yahoo News. 27 January 2010. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  46. ^ Mattson, Sean (27 January 2010). "Honduran Zelaya flies into exile, ending crisis". Reuters. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  47. ^ a b c Smith, Geri (29 June 2009). "Honduras' Coup: The Last Thing a Poor Nation Needs". Business Week. Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  48. ^ "Q&A: Crisis in Honduras". BBC. 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 10 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
  49. ^ Padgett, Tim (29 June 2009). "The Honduran Coup: How Should the U.S. Respond?". Time. Archived from the original on 2 July 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  50. ^ Lee, Morgan & Olson, Alexandra (6 August 2009). "Honduran Coup Shows Business Elite Still in Charge". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 August 2009.[dead link]
  51. ^ Archambault, Sheila (6 October 2009). "Lay Missionary: Honduran Conflict Between Poor, Wealthy". Catholic News Service. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  52. ^ Thompson, Ginger (8 August 2009). "President's Ouster Highlights a Divide in Honduras". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  53. ^ Manuel Zelaya, en un sainete bananero. ABC.es
  54. ^ a b c The Nation: In Honduras The Heat Is On by John Nichols, NPR, 30 June 2009
  55. ^ a b "Defying the outside world". The Economist. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  56. ^ Mejía, Thelma (2 June 2009). "HONDURAS: Soldier, Sailor, Airport Builder?". Australia.TO (from IPS). Archived from the original on 25 July 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  57. ^ "Estado construirá la terminal aérea". Diario La Prensa. 10 May 2009. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  58. ^ "Palmerola tardaría diez años". Diario La Prensa. 19 May 2009. Archived from the original on 23 May 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g Malkin, Elisabeth (28 June 2009). "Honduran President is Ousted in Coup". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  60. ^ "CORRUPTION-HONDURAS: A Murky Transparency Law". Interpress Service. 23 February 2007. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  61. ^ "Journalist murdered following threats, government harassment of critical radio station". International Freedom of Expression Exchange. 19 October 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
  62. ^ "Honduras: Government advertising as subtle censorship", Inter Press Service, 2 October 2008, Archived 10 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  63. ^ "Honduran President Ousted by Military". Coa.counciloftheamericas.org. 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 2 July 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  64. ^ "Manuel Zelaya Rosales". Centro de Estudios Internacionales de Barcelona. 22 July 2009. Archived from the original on 19 July 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  65. ^ "Cuarta urna, una idea reciclada de Venezuela". El Heraldo. Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  66. ^ "An undemocratic tide in the Americas". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on 15 December 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  67. ^ "Colombia ruling backs Uribe reelection bid". Reuters. 12 January 2010. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
  68. ^ Murialdo, Hugo (31 August 2009). "América Latina, Democracia Cristiana y golpes de Estado" [Latin America, Democracia Cristiana and coups] (in Spanish). Argentina: Argenpress. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.
  69. ^ Staff (20 September 2009). "Aparecen acuerdos para saquear el FHIS" [Agreements appear to plunder the FHIS]. El Heraldo. Honduras. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013.
  70. ^ Staff (8 October 2009). "Deducirán responsabilidad civil a ex director del FHIS" [They deduced liability to former director of FHIS]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011.
  71. ^ Staff (20 September 2009). "Saqueo de arcas en Fhis paralizó 300 proyectos" [Sacking of FHIS paralyzed coffers in 300 projects]. La Prensa (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011.
  72. ^ Méndez, Marilyn (26 June 2009). "Honduras: La ruta ilegal de la Cuarta Urna" [Honduras: The legal route of the Fourth Ballot Box]. La Prensa. Honduras. Archived from the original on 30 June 2009.
  73. ^ a b Staff (24 March 2009). "Honduras: busca reforma constitucional" [Honduras: seeking constitutional reform]. BBC Mundo (in Spanish). United Kingdom.
  74. ^ Note that article 374 does not say that; and there is no article 384: the constitution has only 378 numbered articles. Apparently either the BBC, La Tribuna (the BBC’S source), or Micheletti are in error. The quote from Micheletti, copied and pasted from the BBC article, is: "El artículo 374 dice que no se podrá utilizar el plebiscito y el referendo para reformar los artículos pétreos que establece el artículo 384 y que se refiere a la forma de gobierno, al territorio nacional, al período presidencial, a la prohibición para ser nuevamente Presidente de la República al ciudadano que lo haya desempeñado bajo cualquier tipo y referente." (BBC’S source was La Tribuna.)
  75. ^ ""El presidente Zelaya está equivocado": Micheletti" ["President Zelaya is wrong": Micheletti]. La Prensa. Honduras. 23 March 2009. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
  76. ^ Staff (26 May 2009). "Artículos pétreos no pueden reformarse ni con plebiscito ni referendo". La Prensa (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 30 May 2009.
  77. ^ Honduras Constitution: Titulo VII: De la Reforma y la Inviolabilabidad de la Constitución, Capitulo I De la Reforma de la Constitución: Articulo 373. – La reforma de esta Constitución podrá decretarse por el Congreso Nacional, en sesiones ordinarias, con dos tercios de votos de la totalidad de sus miembros. El decreto señalará al efecto el artículo o artículos que hayan de reformarse, debiendo ratificarse por la subsiguiente legislatura ordinaria, por igual número de votos, para que entre en vigencia. ARTICULO 374. – No podrán reformarse, en ningún caso, el artículo anterior, el presente artículo, los artículos constitucionales que se refieren a la forma de gobierno, al territorio nacional, al período presidencial, a la prohibición para ser nuevamente Presidente de la República, el ciudadano que lo haya desempeñado bajo cualquier título y el referente a quienes no pueden ser Presidentes de la República por el período subsiguiente. (Title VII: Amendment and Inviolability of the Constitution, Heading I Amendment of the Constitution: Article 373. – The amendment of this Constitution may be ordered by Congress, in regular session, by two-thirds vote of all members. In order to enter into force, the decree for that purpose, containing the article or articles to be reformed, should subsequently be ratified by the legislature by an ordinary equal number of votes. Article 374. – They will not be able to amend, in any case, the previous article [Art. 373], the present article, the constitutional articles that establish the form of government, the national territory, the presidential term of office, the prohibition on again being President of the Republic, for any citizen, regardless of the title, and those who cannot be presidents of the Republic in any subsequent period. "Constitución De La República De Honduras, 1982" part 2 Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Honduras.net; See also the Honduras Decreto (Decree) 169/1986.
  78. ^ "Articulo 239: El ciudadano que haya desempeñado la titularidad del Poder Ejecutivo no podrá ser Presidente o Designado. El que quebrante esta disposición o proponga su reforma, así como aquellos que lo apoyen directa o indirectamente, cesarán de inmediato en el desempeño de sus respectivos cargos, y quedarán inhabilitados por diez años para el ejercicio de toda función pública." ("Article 239: No citizen who has already served as head of the Executive Branch can be President or a designated person. Whoever violates this law or proposes its reform, as well as those that support such violation directly or indirectly, will immediately cease in their functions and will be unable to hold any public office for a period of 10 years.") – "República de Honduras / Republic of Honduras, Constitución de 1982 (Political Constitution of 1982)". Political Database of the Americas. Georgetown University. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  79. ^ "Zelaya's return to Honduras met with force-Video[10:04–10:22]". The Real News Network. 22 September 2009. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
  80. ^ "Presidente sigue obstinado en encuesta (President remains obstinate on poll)". ElHeraldo.hn. 24 June 2009. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  81. ^ "Investigan actos del presidente Zelaya (President Zelaya's acts are investigated)". LaPrensa.hn. 26 June 2009. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  82. ^ Expediente judicial, judiciary of Honduras. Retrieved 8 September 2009. Archived 20 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine 10 September 2009.
  83. ^ a b c Staff (27 June 2009). "Honduras president: Nation calm before controversial vote". CNN.com. United States.
  84. ^ De Cordoba, José (26 June 2009). "Honduras Lurches Toward Crisis Over Election". The Wall Street Journal. United States.
  85. ^ Staff (26 June 2009). "Honduran leader defies top court". BBC Online. United Kingdom.
  86. ^ Staff (4 June 2009). "Diputados imprueban la conducta del Ejecutivo y le recomiendan que rectifique". La Tribuna (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 22 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  87. ^ a b Staff (10 June 2009). "Jurídicamente imposible convocatoria a Constituyente" [Legally impossible to call Constituent]. La Tribuna (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 22 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  88. ^ Palencia, Gustavo (28 June 2009). García, Hernán (ed.). "Congreso de Honduras aprueba ley de referendo contra Zelaya" [Honduras Congress approves referendum law against Zelaya]. Reuters (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
  89. ^ De Cordoba, Jose (25 July 2009). "Behind the Honduran Mutiny". The Wall Street Journal. United States.
  90. ^ Staff (22 July 2009). "EXCLUSIVE: Ousted Honduran leader accused of theft". The Washington Times. United States.
  91. ^ De Cordoba, Jose (25 July 2009). "Behind the Honduran Mutiny". The Wall Street Journal. United States.
  92. ^ Staff (7 August 2009). "Más evidencia de millonaria malversación por cuarta urna" [More evidence of embezzlement of millions fourth ballot]. La Prensa (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 1 August 2009.
  93. ^ Staff (7 July 2009). "En maletas sacaron L40 millones del Banco Centra" [In L40 million bags were removed from the Central Bank]. La Prensa. Honduras. Archived from the original on 11 July 2009.
  94. ^ Staff (28 June 2009). "Cambio de reglas a última hora" [Changing the rules at the last minute]. La Tribuna (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 22 November 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  95. ^ Staff (29 June 2009). "Fiscalía notifica an Interpol captura contra Mel" [Prosecutor notifies Interpol arrest Mel]. La Prensa. Honduras. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  96. ^ Staff (7 July 2009). "Ya no era presidente cuando fue detenido" [He was not president when he was arrested]. La Prensa. Honduras. Archived from the original on 24 August 2009.
  97. ^ Thompson, Brian (26 June 2009). "The People of Honduras v. President Zelaya". United States: Spero News. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  98. ^ Goodman, Joshua; Schmidt, Blake (1 July 2009). "Honduras Supreme Court Judge Defends President Ouster (Update1)". United States. Bloomberg.
  99. ^ Staff (25 June 2009). "Turba encabezada por "Mel" se toma base aérea" [Mob led by "Mel" takes airbase]. El Heraldo. Honduras. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011.
  100. ^ Staff (26 June 2009). "Honduras dismisses military chief amid political chaos". janes.com. United Kingdom: IHS Inc. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. A march of several tens of thousands of people against Zelaya's re-election plans took place in the second city of San Pedro Sula....
  101. ^ Staff. "Thousands March Against Zelaya's Plan to Change Honduras Constitution". Latin American Herald Tribune. Venezuela. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2009. Thousands of Hondurans marched Tuesday in San Pedro Sula....
  102. ^ Luhnow, David (27 June 2009). "Honduras Crisis Opens Regional Rift". The Wall Street Journal. United States.
  103. ^ Weissert, Will (27 June 2009). "Honduran leader pushes ahead with divisive vote". United States. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
  104. ^ "Orden de captura de la Fiscalía (Documento original)" [Warrant from the Attorney (Original document)]. Libertad Digital (in Spanish). Spain. 25 June 2009.
  105. ^ "Se presenta requermiento fiscal. Que se libre orden de captura.- ..." (PDF-1.3). Libertad Digital. Spain. 2 July 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009.Closed access icon; creation/modification timestamp contained in PDF-1.3 file is "20090702113502-05'00'"; date in displayed version of the file: 25 June 2009
  106. ^ a b c Lacey, Marc (2 July 2009). "Leader's Ouster Not a Coup, Says the Honduran Military". The New York Times.
  107. ^ Corte Suprema de Justicia de Honduras (26 June 2009). "Orden de captura contra Zelaya" [Arrest warrant against Zelaya]. Libertad Digital. Spain. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  108. ^ "letter to: Senor jefe del estado mayor conjunto de las fuerzas armadas..." Libertad Digital. Spain. 2 July 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009.Closed access icon; creation timestamp contained in PDF-1.4 file is "20090207105728+02'00'" and is listed here bibliographically as ISO 8601 date 2 July 2009; date in displayed version of the file: 26 June 2009
  109. ^ Goodman, Joshua; Schmidt, Blake (1 July 2009). "Honduras Supreme Court Judge Defends President Ouster (Update1)". United States. Bloomberg.
  110. ^ "Report of Global Exchange Delegation to Honduras". Translated by Judy Ancel. Embajada de Honduras en Washington D.C. 21 August 2009. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Jari Dixon and others from the Lawyers Front Against the Coup
  111. ^ "Honduran president calls arrest a 'kidnapping'". New York Post. Associated Press. 28 June 2009.
  112. ^ a b c "Leftist leaders hold emergency meeting over Honduras coup". The Christian Science Monitor. 29 June 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  113. ^ Ordaz, Pablo (29 June 2009). "El nuevo Goierno de Honduras decreta el toque de queda" [The new Government of Honduras decrees curfew]. El País (in Spanish). Spain.
  114. ^ McDermott, Jeremy (28 June 2009). "Honduras supreme court 'ordered army coup'". The Daily Telegraph. United Kingdom.
  115. ^ a b English summary of interview with the legal counsel of the Honduras armed forces, Colonel Herberth Bayardo Inestroza, Robles, Frances (3 July 2009). "Top Honduran military lawyer: We broke the law". The Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 6 September 2009.; original Dada, Carlos; José Luis Sanz (2 July 2009). "Cometimos un delito al sacar a Zelaya, pero había que hacerlo" [We committed an offense to remove Zelaya, but had to do it] (in Spanish). El Faro.net, El Salvador. Archived from the original on 6 September 2009.
  116. ^ Schmidt, Blake; Sabo, Eric (13 August 2009). "Zelaya's Exile an 'Error', Honduras Human Rights Chief Says". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  117. ^ a b Martinez, Andres; Schmidt, Blake (17 August 2009). "Honduras's Micheletti Says Zelaya Exile Was 'Error' (Update1)". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
  118. ^ "Esta es la supuesta renuncia de Zelaya". 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  119. ^ "listadodiputados". Archived from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  120. ^ Weissert, Will; Cuevas, Freddy (28 June 2009). "Honduran military ousts president ahead of vote". The Star. Toronto. Associated Press. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  121. ^ "Congreso destituye a Manuel Zelaya". La Tribuna. 29 June 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024.
  122. ^ Moncada Silva, Efrain (25 September 2009). "Inconstitucionalidad de la llamada "sucesión constitucional"". La Tribuna (Honduras). Archived from the original on 30 October 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
  123. ^ Orellana, Edmundo (21 September 2009). "¿Sucesión presidencial?". La Tribuna (Honduras). Archived from the original on 15 November 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  124. ^ Cassel, Doug (29 July 2009). "Honduras: Coup d'Etat in Constitutional Clothing?". American Society of International Law. Archived from the original on 2 September 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  125. ^ El-Hage, Javier (18 July 2011). "Caudillos Can Be Already Removed from Office in Honduras—Just Not the Way It Was Done with President Zelaya". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
  126. ^ "Honduras: Constitutional Law Issues" (PDF). the Law Library of Congress, USA. August 2009. p. 5. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  127. ^ Restivo, Néstor (30 September 2009). "Sacamos a Zelaya porque se fue a la izquierda, puso a comunistas". El Clarin (Argentina). Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.. 4 October 2009.
  128. ^ a b c d "Honduras: human rights crisis threatens as repression increases" (PDF). Amnesty International. 19 August 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
  129. ^ "New Honduras leader orders 48-hour curfew". Inquirer. 29 June 2009. Archived from the original on 2 July 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  130. ^ "Toque de queda hasta el martes" [Curfew until Tuesday] (in Spanish). 3 July 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2009.[dead link]
  131. ^ "Congresso restringe cuatro guarantías constitucionales". 2 July 2009. Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  132. ^ Ordaz, Pablo (28 June 2009). "El Ejército expulsa al presidente hondureño, Manuel Zelaya". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  133. ^ Booth, William (1 July 2009). "Honduras Targets Protesters With Emergency Decree: Media in Country Also Feel Pressure". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  134. ^ "Hondureños de 37 ciudades se movilizarán para restituir a Zelaya en la presidencia". Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias. Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias. 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 11 October 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  135. ^ a b "Police clash with demonstrators in Honduran capital". CNN. 29 June 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  136. ^ Miami Herald, 1 July 2009, Honduras new government is censoring journalists. Retrieved 23 July 2009. Archived 26 July 2009. [dead link]
  137. ^ a b "Journalists briefly detained by troops in Honduras". Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
  138. ^ Villatoro, Alejandro (30 June 2009). "Contra la libertad de expresion Fuerzas Armadas de Honduras de toman instalaciones de Radio Globo" (in Spanish). Radio Globo. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  139. ^ "UViolencia contra LA PRENSA". La Prensa. 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  140. ^ Lacey, Marc; Thompson, Ginger (1 July 2009). "Compromise Is Sought to Honduras Standoff". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  141. ^ "UN backs Honduras leader's return". BBC News. 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 1 July 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  142. ^ "Honduras' Micheletti joins anti-Zelaya rally in central Tegucigalpa". Xinhua. 1 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  143. ^ "Honduran top military chief General Rome". Getty Images. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  144. ^ "Ousted Honduran leader mulls return after OAS ruling". Reuters. 5 July 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  145. ^ "Honduran court defiant on Zelaya". BBC News. 4 July 2009. Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  146. ^ "Honduras' Zelaya says to meet coup backers on Thursday". Reuters. 7 July 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  147. ^ Enrique Ortez Colindres calls Obama negrito US envoy blasts Honduran minister for racist comments. Archived 15 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  148. ^ "Honduran Foreign Minister Apologizes for Comments on Obama". Latin American Herald Tribune. 8 July 2009. Archived from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  149. ^ "Honduran Catholic hierarchy opposes Zelaya, Chavez". Reuters. 16 July 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
  150. ^ "Honduran interim leader: I'm willing to step down". Associated Press. 15 July 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2009.[dead link]
  151. ^ "Honduran leader 'could step down'". BBC. 16 July 2009. Archived from the original on 16 July 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
  152. ^ "Arias propondrá Gobierno de reconciliación". Diario El Tiempo. 16 July 2009. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
  153. ^ Staff (29 June 2009). "Hugo Chavez threatens military action in Honduras". The Telegraph. United Kingdom.
  154. ^ Staff (2 July 2009). "Confirmada presencia de venezolanos, cubanos y nicas" [Confirmed presence of Venezuelans, Cubans and Nicaraguans]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011.
  155. ^ Staff (11 July 2009). "Un Chávez nervioso intenta ahora explicar que no planeó masacre" [A nervous Chavez now tries to explain that he did not plan to slaughter]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 16 July 2009.
  156. ^ Staff (9 July 2009). "Venezuela tenía fuerza militar para Zelaya" [Venezuela provided military force for Zelaya]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 12 July 2009.
  157. ^ Staff (10 July 2009). "Chávez Adviced (sic) Mel Not to Meet with Micheletti". La Prensa. Honduras. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011.
  158. ^ "Chávez quería provocar un baño de sangre" [Chavez wanted to provoke a bloodbath]. Explored: Archivo Digital de Noticias del Ecuador (in Spanish). Ecuador: Hoy. 9 July 2009. Archived from the original on 12 July 2009.
  159. ^ Staff (8 July 2009). "Detienen venezolanos que viajaban a Honduras" [Arrested Venezuelans who traveled to Honduras]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Honduras. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  160. ^ "Tres millones para apoyar marchas de Zelaya". El Heraldo. 28 July 2009. Archived from the original on 12 December 2009.
  161. ^ "En dólares pagan a líderes de protestas pro Zelaya". La Prensa. 28 July 2009. Archived from the original on 31 July 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  162. ^ "Hasta venezolanos estuvieron en el consulado de LA". El Heraldo. Archived from the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
  163. ^ "Venezuela le paga a embajador Reina". El Heraldo. Archived from the original on 10 August 2009.
  164. ^ "La resistencia niega que esté buscando armas". La Prensa. 18 October 2009. Archived from the original on 20 October 2009.
  165. ^ "Chávez "alerta" sobre surgimiento de guerrilla". El Heraldo. 18 October 2009. Archived from the original on 21 October 2009.
  166. ^ "Ortega confiesa que resistencia hondureña busca armas en países centroamericanos". Proceso Digital. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  167. ^ Santibáñez, Samuel (2 August 2009). "Honduras: La disyuntiva de la revolución no es democracia o dictadura, sino capitalismo o socialismo". Militante. Archived from the original on 8 August 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  168. ^ "Llamamiento del Frente Nacional contra el Golpe de Estado en Honduras a la Clase Obrera Mundial". Centro de Estudios y Apoyo Laboral (CEAL) – Derechos Laborales en Centroamerica. 3 August 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  169. ^ "Frente Nacional Contra el Golpe de Estado en Honduras" (in Spanish). Plataforma Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, Democracia y Desarrollo. 12 July 2009. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  170. ^ "16 de Agosto: MUERTOS 101 HONDURAS GOLPE MILITAR. CODEH – En Honduras No Pasarán". Tvpts.tv. 4 October 2009. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  171. ^ Thompson, Ginger (8 August 2009). "A Cold War Ghost Reappears in Honduras". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  172. ^ Frente Nacional contra el Golpe de Estado en Honduras (10 July 2009). "Posicionamiento frente al encuentro de San José, Costa Rica". Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  173. ^ "Marcha de la resistencia del 15 de septiembre p04 – AOL Video". Video.aol.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  174. ^ a b c "Informe Preliminar Violaciones A Derechos Humanos En El Marco Del Golpe De Estado En Honduras". Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos en Honduras. 15 July 2009. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  175. ^ Pérez, Luis Guillermo; (many) (6 August 2009). "Gobierno de facto viola derechos humanos" (in Spanish). Agencia Latinoamerica de Información. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  176. ^ a b "International Mission denounces the brutal repression of pacific demonstrations". Agencia Latinoamerica de Información. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  177. ^ a b c Quixote Center Emergency Delegation of Solidarity, Accompaniment and Witness (7 August 2009). "Letter to Honduran Attorney General Rubi". Quixote Center. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  178. ^ "Police brutality rampant in Honduras, amnesty report says". CNN. 19 August 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
  179. ^ a b "Preliminary Observations on the IACHR Visit to Honduras". Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 21 August 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
  180. ^ a b Human Rights Watch (25 August 2009). "Honduras: Rights Report Shows Need for Increased International Pressure". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
  181. ^ Figueroa, Laura (13 July 2009). "Honduran teen's slaying propels youth movement". The Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  182. ^ "Exiled Honduran leader makes 2nd trip to border". Associated Press). Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  183. ^ Emanuelsson, Dick (28 July 2009). "Atentado con bomba en sede de sindicato hondureño" (in Spanish). Tercera Informacion. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  184. ^ COFADEH (26 July 2009). "Communiqué on the murder of Pedro Magdiel Muñoz Salvador". Derechos Human Rights. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  185. ^ "Hieren a manifestante en Tegucigalpa" (in Spanish). Diario El Tiempo. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 August 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  186. ^ "Fallece maestro seguidor de Zelaya herido durante marcha en Honduras". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 1 August 2009. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  187. ^ "journalist Gabriel Fino Noriega and calls for lifting of restrictions on press freedom". Portal.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  188. ^ "Gobierno de facto anuncia el cierre de Radio Globo" (in Spanish). COFADEH. 5 August 2009. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
  189. ^ Rosenberg, Mica (29 June 2009). "Honduran army smothers media after coup". Reuters. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  190. ^ Forero, Juan (9 July 2009). "In Honduras, One-Sided News of Crisis". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
  191. ^ Grandin, Greg; Pine, Adrienne (22 August 2009). "Over 90 Experts Call on Human Rights Watch to Speak Out on Honduras Abuses". Common Dreams. Archived from the original on 29 August 2009. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  192. ^ Hurtado, Viviana (26 August 2009). "Honduran Government Wages Campaign of Fear and Intimidation, Human Rights Group Alleges". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
  193. ^ "In new wave of violence against media, de facto regime "reaps what it sowed"". Reporters Without Borders. 17 August 2009. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
  194. ^ "New media measures take effect in Honduras". Associated Press. 10 October 2009. Retrieved 11 October 2009.[dead link]
  195. ^ "Zelaya's jet blocked in Honduras". BBC News. 6 July 2009. Archived from the original on 6 July 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  196. ^ Strange, Hannah (7 July 2009). "Teenager killed in Honduras as soldiers fire on Zelaya supporters at airport". London: Times Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 12 June 2010.[dead link]
  197. ^ "Ousted Zelaya makes brief return". BBC News. 25 July 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  198. ^ "Al Jazeera English – Americas – Tensions rise in Honduran standoff". Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
  199. ^ "Zelaya 'will rebuild democracy'". BBC News. 21 September 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  200. ^ Honduras coup Archived 25 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  201. ^ "Google hosted news". AFP. 21 September 2009. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  202. ^ Malkin, Elisabeth (22 September 2009). "Ousted Leader Returns to Honduras". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  203. ^ "Ousted President Outwits Foes With Secret Journey to Brazilian Embassy in the Capital, Guardian News & Media". Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  204. ^ a b Robles, Frances (24 September 2009). "They're torturing me, Honduras' Manuel Zelaya claims". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 7 October 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
  205. ^ Ordaz, Pablo (24 September 2009). "Mercenarios israelíes, ultrasonidos y suicidios fingidos". El Pais (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
  206. ^ "Marco Rosa confirma intoxicación dentro de la embajada de Brasil". El Tiempo (Honduras). 25 September 2009. Archived from the original on 28 September 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
  207. ^ "Micheletti defends response to Zelaya's return to Honduras". CNN. 24 September 2009. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
  208. ^ United Nations Security Council Verbatim Report 6192. S/PV/6192 page 2. Mr. Amorim Brazil 25 September 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
  209. ^ a b UN Security Council defends inviolability of Brazilian embassy in Honduras Xinhua. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
  210. ^ "UN condemns Honduras 'harassment'". BBC News. 25 September 2009. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
  211. ^ a b c d e "Beatings and detentions follow Honduras demonstrations". Amnesty International. 24 September 2009. Archived from the original on 28 September 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
  212. ^ Malkin, Elisabeth (2 October 2009). "A Promise to Restore Civil Liberties Is Slow to Become Reality in Honduras". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  213. ^ "Honduras repeals emergency decree". CNN. 6 October 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  214. ^ Rosenberg, Mica; Palencia, Gustavo (19 October 2009). "Honduras de facto leader lifts ban on media, protests". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  215. ^ Malkin, Elisabeth (30 October 2009). "Deal Reached in Honduras to Restore Ousted President". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
  216. ^ "Honduras interim president may take leave for vote". AP via Yahoo News. 20 November 2009. Archived from the original on 23 November 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  217. ^ "Martinelli: Panamá reconocerá a ganador de elecciones en Honduras" [Martinelli: Panama will recognize the winner of elections in Honduras]. LaEstrella.com.pa. 14 November 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  218. ^ "Costa Rica: Honduras vote must be backed if fair". AP via Yahoo News. 27 November 2009. Retrieved 28 November 2009.[dead link]
  219. ^ "US to recognise Honduras election – Americas". Al Jazeera English. 28 November 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  220. ^ Redacción (28 November 2009). "Israel apoya las elecciones de Honduras – Al Frente" (in Spanish). ElHeraldo.hn. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  221. ^ Frank, Dana (27 November 2009). "No Fair Election in Honduras under Military Occupation". Common Dreams (Press release). Archived from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  222. ^ "German Parliament Votes to Support Honduran Elections". Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  223. ^ Thompson, Ginger (27 November 2009). "U.S. Approach to Honduras Raises Doubts in Latin America". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  224. ^ "Japón respalda proceso electoral de Honduras" [Japan Supports Honduran Election Procedures]. La Prensa (Honduras) (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  225. ^ "Honduras hopes to move past coup with election (Version 2)". AP via Yahoo News. 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009.
  226. ^ a b "Pro-Zelaya organization issues ultimatum for Zelaya's restitution". Xinhua News Agency. 6 November 2009. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  227. ^ "Honduras' Most Prominent Human Rights Expert Calls on Obama Administration to Denounce "Grave Human Rights Violations"". Center for Economic and Policy Research. 5 November 2009. Archived from the original on 20 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  228. ^ a b "Mercosur warns it rejects any attempt to call new elections in Honduras". Mercopress. 25 July 2009. Archived from the original on 30 July 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  229. ^ "Union of South American Nations rejects elections under Honduran de facto regime". Guelph Mercury/AP/The Canadian Press. 10 August 2009. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
  230. ^ "Proceso Digital". Proceso.hn. 31 December 2006. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  231. ^ "Honduras revises down participation in disputed polls". AFP via France24. 4 December 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2009.[dead link]
  232. ^ Political situation in Honduras with a view to the elections on 29 November 2009 (debate). European Parliament, Wednesday, 11 November 2009 – Brussels
  233. ^ El Grupo PPE reconoce plena legitimidad a las elecciones de Honduras Archived 15 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine. EPP Group in the European Parliament
  234. ^ Malkin, Elisabeth (3 December 2009). "Honduran Congress Votes Down Return by Zelaya". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  235. ^ "Honduran lawmakers debate ousted leader's future". AP via Yahoo News. 2 December 2009. Archived from the original on 5 December 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  236. ^ "Honduran Congress votes against restoring Zelaya". AP via Yahoo News. 3 December 2009. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  237. ^ "D.R., Honduras reach deal on Zelaya". Washington Times. 21 January 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  238. ^ "UPDATE 2-Zelaya says may leave Honduras at end of mandate". Reuters. 21 January 2010. Archived from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  239. ^ Malkin, Elisabeth (20 January 2010). "Accord Reached to Let Honduran President Depart". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  240. ^ "Honduran president-elect promises to safeguard Zelaya to leave for Dominican Republic – People's Daily Online". People's Daily. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  241. ^ "Zelaya to leave Honduras next week says adviser". Reuters. 21 January 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  242. ^ Malkin, Elisabeth (22 January 2010). "Honduras: Ousted President Agrees to Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  243. ^ a b "OAS lifts Honduras suspension after Zelaya agreement". BBC News. 1 June 2011. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  244. ^ Jesse Freeston. "Massive Turnout for Zelaya Launches New Chapter of Honduran Struggle" Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine. The Real News Network. 1 June 2011.
  245. ^ "Zelaya Returns to Honduras Almost 2 Years After Ouster" Archived 18 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Latin America Herald Tribune, 28 May 2011.
  246. ^ Bow, Juan Carlos (24 April 2015). "Honduras modifica su Constitución para permitir la reelección". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  247. ^ "The unconstitutionality of a constitutional reform: the case of Honduras". ConstitutionNet. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  248. ^ "Nueva presidenta de Honduras pedirá anular la reelección e integrará comisión, con ayuda de ONU, para investigar corrupción". Noticias de El Salvador (in Spanish). 27 January 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  249. ^ Brown, Ian T.; Rios, Jesus (30 October 2009). "In Honduras, Instability, Fear of Civil War Preceded Deal". United States: Gallup. Results are based on face-to-face interviews with at least 1,000 adults, aged 15 and older, conducted in Aug. 24-Sept. 2008, and July 11-25, 2009, in Honduras. ...maximum margin of sampling error is ±3.3 percentage points....
  250. ^ Boz (10 July 2009). "Poll Numbers!!! Divided in Honduras". Bloggings by Boz. Retrieved 13 July 2009. ...these numbers come from interviews done from 30 June-4 July....[unreliable source?]
  251. ^ COIMER & OP (Consultores en Investigación de Mercados y Opinión Pública) (2009). "Estudio de Opinión Pública – Nivel Nacional" [Public opinion survey - National Level] (PDF) (in Spanish). United States: Narco News. Retrieved 7 October 2009. Para la realización del estudio se levantaron 1470 encuestas en 16 de los 18 departamentos del pais.... La encuesta se comenzó a levantar el 23 de agosto y finalizó el jueves 29 de agosto. El margen de error se estima en 4.0%.
  252. ^ "Honduras Frequency Questionnaire, October 9–13, 2009" (PDF). United States: Greenberg Quinlar Rosler Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2009. October 9-13, 2009; 621 Respondents
  253. ^ McPhaul, John (14 July 2009). "WRAPUP 2-Give talks a chance, U.S. tells Honduras rivals". Reuters. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  254. ^ Mohammed, Arshad; Alexander, David (29 June 2009). "Obama says coup in Honduras is illegal". Reuters. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  255. ^ "Kerry's Attempt to Block DeMint's Honduras Trip Reveals Policy Feud". The Washington Post. 2 October 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  256. ^ Miller, Sunlen (29 June 2009). "Obama Says Coup in Honduras Would Set a "Terrible Precedent"". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2 August 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  257. ^ "Hillary's Honduras Obsession; The U.S. is trying to force the country to violate its constitution". Wall Street Journal. 21 September 2009.
  258. ^ "Honduras's Interim Leaders Try to Regain Spotlight". Wall Street Journal. 25 September 2009.
  259. ^ a b "EU ambassadors leave Honduras". Canada: CBC. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
  260. ^ Kiernan, Paul; Luhnow, David (30 June 2009). "New Honduras Leader Faces Backlash From Coup". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
  261. ^ Lacey, Marc (30 June 2009). "U.N. Backs Ousted Honduran Leader". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  262. ^ "UN backs Honduras leader's return". BBC News. 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 1 July 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
  263. ^ "OEA convoca una reunión de urgencia para analizar Golpe de Estado en Honduras". El Mercurio (in Spanish). EFE. 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  264. ^ WEISSERT, Will (29 June 2009). "Ousted president, replacement duel for Honduras". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  265. ^ "La comunidad internacional pide que se restablezca el orden constitucional". El Mundo (in Spanish). 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  266. ^ "Americas group suspends Honduras". news.bbc.co.uk. BBC. 5 July 2009. Archived from the original on 5 July 2009. Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  267. ^ Morgan, David (28 June 2009). "U.S. says Zelaya is the only president of Honduras". Reuters. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  268. ^ "Situation in Honduras". US State Department. 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 15 July 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  269. ^ Weissert, Will (1 July 2009). "Honduras government's isolation grows after coup". Associated Press. Retrieved 1 July 2009.[dead link]
  270. ^ Kelly, Ian (25 August 2009). "Temporary Suspension of Non-Immigrant Visa Services in Honduras". US State Department. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  271. ^ "U.S. To Reduce Visa Services in Honduras". Reuters. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2009. [dead link]
  272. ^ "U.S. Assistance to Honduras". US State Department. 7 July 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  273. ^ Cromwell, Susan (5 August 2009). "U.S. appears to soften support for Honduras's Zelaya". Reuters. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  274. ^ Mohammmed, Arshad (29 June 2009). "U.S. holds off on cutting aid to Honduras". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  275. ^ Sheridan, Mary Beth (30 June 2009). "U.S. Cautious on Calling Honduras a "Coup"". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  276. ^ "Background Briefing on the Situation in Honduras". US State Department. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
  277. ^ "US Response to Honduran Coup". YouTube. 3 April 2010. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  278. ^ Gutiérrez, Norma C. (24 September 2009). "Honduras: Constitutional Law Issues". Law Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  279. ^ Clark, Lesley (29 October 2009). "Library of Congress stands by report on Honduras coup". McClatchy Washington Bureau. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
  280. ^ "Honduras Regime Uses Noise Attack as U.S. Cuts Visas". The New York Times. Reuters. 21 October 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2009. [dead link]
  281. ^ "Briefing on the Honduran Elections" . U.S. Department of State. 30 November 2009.
  282. ^ Wroughton, Lesley (30 June 2009). "World Bank 'pauses' loans to Honduras – Zoellick". Reuters. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  283. ^ Chavez threatens military action over Honduras coup [dead link] by Frank Jack Daniel and Enrique Andres Pretel, Reuters (reprinted by the National Post), 28 June 2009.
  284. ^ "Statement Issued by the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) on the Situation in Honduras". CARICOM. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009. [dead link]
  285. ^ "Declaration of the ACS on the situation in Honduras". Association of Caribbean States. 28 June 2009. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  286. ^ "Mercosur condena el golpe militar y exige la inmediata restitución de zelaya" (in Spanish). Telecinco. 29 June 2009. Archived from the original on 30 June 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  287. ^ "Gobierno chileno condenó Golpe de Estado en Honduras" (in Spanish). El Mercurio Online. 28 June 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2009.
  288. ^ "IADB says pausing loans to Honduras over coup". Reuters. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
  289. ^ "Central American bank freezes Honduras loans". Associated Press. 27 August 2009. Retrieved 27 August 2009.[dead link]
[edit]

Images

[edit]

Video

[edit]

Analysis

[edit]