Pilocarpaceae

Pilocarpaceae
	Byssoloma leucoblepharum; scale bar is 0.5 mm
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Order:	Lecanorales
Family:	Pilocarpaceae; Zahlbr. (1905)
Type genus
	Byssoloma; Trevis. (1853)
Synonyms
	Byssolomataceae Zahlbr. (1926); Ectolechiaceae Zahlbr. (1905); Lasiolomataceae Hafellner (1984); Micareaceae Vězda ex Hafellner (1984); Roccellinastraceae Hafellner (1984);

The Pilocarpaceae are a family of crustose lichens in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety of climatic regions.^[2] Pilocarpaceae was circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in Adolf Engler's influential 1905 work Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.^[3]

In 2004, the family Micareaceae included the genera; Helocarpon, Micarea, Psilolechia, Roccellinastrum, and Scutula.^[4] Then in 2005, molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial rDNA sequences showed that the genus Helocarpon was not related to the Micareaceae family and the rest of the genus were related to the Pilocarpaceae family and other genera.^[5]

Description

Pilocarpaceae species are crustose and have ascomata in the form of an brightly-coloured apothecium with a poorly-developed margin comprising loosely-intertwined hyphae. The ascospores are hyaline and often elongated with one or more septa.^[2]

Genera

Pilocarpaceae contains 32 genera and an estimated 445 species. The following list shows the genera, authority, year of publication, and number of species as of 2020^[6] (unless a newer source is cited).

Aquacidia Aptroot (2018)^[7] – 3 spp.
Badimiella Malcolm & Vězda (1994) – 1 sp.
Baflavia Lücking (2008) – 1 sp.
Bapalmuia Sérus. (1993) – 22 spp.
Barubria Vězda (1986) – 2 spp.
Brasilicia Lücking, Kalb & Serus. (2008) – 6 spp.
Bryogomphus Lücking, W.R.Buck, Sérus. & L.I.Ferraro (2005) – 1 sp.
Byssolecania Vain. (1921) – 7 spp.
Byssoloma Trevis. (1853) – 60 spp.
Calopadia Vězda (1986) – 27 spp.
Calopadiopsis Lücking & R.Sant. (2002)^[8] – 2 spp.
Ceratopycnidium Maubl. (1907)^[9] – 2 spp.
Eugeniella Lücking, Sérus. & Kalb (2008) – 11 spp.
Fellhanera Vězda (1986) – about 100 spp.
Fellhaneropsis Sérus. & Coppins (1996) – 9 spp.
Kantvilasia P.M.McCarthy, Elix & Sérus. (2000) – 1 sp.
Lasioloma R.Sant. (1952) – 9 spp.
Leimonis R.C.Harris (2009) – 2 spp.
Loflammia Vězda (1986) – 5 spp.
Loflammiopsis Lücking & Kalb (2000)^[10] – 1 sp.
Logilvia Vězda (1986) – 1 sp.
Micarea Fr. (1825) – 126 spp.^[11]
Podotara Malcolm & Vězda (1996) – 1 sp.
Pseudocalopadia Lücking (1999)^[12] – 1 sp.
Roccellinastrum Follmann (1968) – 7 spp.
Schadonia Körb. (1859) – 4 spp.
Septotrapelia Aptroot & Chaves (2007)^[13] – 4 spp.
Sporopodiopsis Sérus. (1997)^[14] – 2 spp.
Sporopodium Mont. (1851) – 24 spp.
Szczawinskia A.Funk (1984)^[15] – 5 spp.
Tapellaria Müll.Arg. (1890) – 23 spp.
Tapellariopsis Lücking (1999)^[12] – 1 sp.
Uluguria (Vězda) Vězda (2004 - sp.^[16]

References

^ Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.). Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. p. 126. ISBN 978-3-443-01089-8. OCLC 429208213.
^ ^a ^b Cannon, Paul F.; Kirk, Paul M. (2007). Fungal Families of the World. Wallingford: CAB International. pp. 281–282. ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5.
^ Engler, Adolf (1905). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelman. p. 115.
^ Eriksson, O. E.; Baral, H.-O.; Currah, R. S.; Hansen, K.; Kurtzman, C. P.; Rambold, G.; Laessøe, T. (2004). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2004". Myconet. 10: 1–99.
^ Andersen, Heidi L.; Ekman, Stefan (January 2005). "Disintegration of the Micareaceae (lichenized Ascomycota ): amolecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial rDNA sequences". Mycol. Res. 109 (1). The British Mycological Society: 21–30. doi:10.1017/S0953756204001625. PMID 15736860.
^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; LKT, Al-Ani; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; Tsurykau, Andrei; Mesic, Armin; Navathe, Sudhir; Papp, Viktor; Oliveira Fiuza, Patrícia; Vázquez, Víctor; Gautam, Ajay; Becerra, Alejandra G.; Ekanayaka, Anusha; K. C., Rajeshkumar; Bezerra, Jadson; Matočec, Neven; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa; Suetrong, Satinee (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
^ Aptroot, A.; Sparrius, L.B.; Alvarado, P. (2018). "Aquacidia, a new genus to accommodate a group of skiophilous temperate Bacidia species that belong in the Pilocarpaceae (lichenized ascomycetes)". Gorteria. 40: 11–14.
^ Lücking, R.; Santesson, R. (2002). "On the identity of Pyrenotrichum 'atrocyaneum', P. 'mirum', and P. 'podosphaera', campylidea of lichenized Ascomycota (Lecanorales, Ectolechiaceae)". Bryologist. 105 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2002)105[0057:OTIOPA]2.0.CO;2.
^ Maublanc, A. (1907). "Ceratopycnidium, genre nouveau de Sphéropsidées". Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France (in French). 23 (3): 146–149.
^ Lücking, R.; Kalb, K. (2000). "Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu Coenogonium und Dimerella (Gyalectaceae)". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (in German). 122: 1–61.
^ Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+ (14 February 2020). "Micarea". Catalog of Life Version 2021-08-25. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
^ ^a ^b Lücking, R. (1999). "Verbesserungen zur Kenntnis der foliikolen Flechtenflora Costa Ricas. Die Familie Ectolechiaceae" (PDF). Phyton (in German). 39 (1): 131–165.
^ Aptroot, A.; Saipunkaew, W.; Sipman, H.J.M.; Sparrius, L.B.; Wolseley, P.A. (2007). "New lichens from Thailand, mainly microlichens from Chiang Mai". Fungal Diversity. 24: 75–134.
^ Sérusiaux, E. (1997). "Sporopodiopsis, a new genus of lichens (Ectolechiaceae) from S-E Asia". Abstracta Botanica. 21 (1): 145–152. JSTOR 43519214.
^ Funk, A. (1983). "Szczawinskia, a new genus of the lichen-forming Coelomycetes". Syesis. 16: 85–88.
^ "Species Fungorum - GSD Species". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 11 November 2022.

[Frey_2016-1] Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.). Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. p. 126. ISBN 978-3-443-01089-8. OCLC 429208213.

[Cannon_&_Kirk_2007-2] Cannon, Paul F.; Kirk, Paul M. (2007). Fungal Families of the World. Wallingford: CAB International. pp. 281–282. ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5.

[Zahlbruckner_1905-3] Engler, Adolf (1905). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelman. p. 115.

[4] Eriksson, O. E.; Baral, H.-O.; Currah, R. S.; Hansen, K.; Kurtzman, C. P.; Rambold, G.; Laessøe, T. (2004). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2004". Myconet. 10: 1–99.

[5] Andersen, Heidi L.; Ekman, Stefan (January 2005). "Disintegration of the Micareaceae (lichenized Ascomycota ): amolecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial rDNA sequences". Mycol. Res. 109 (1). The British Mycological Society: 21–30. doi:10.1017/S0953756204001625. PMID 15736860.

[Wijayawardene_et_al._2020-6] Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; LKT, Al-Ani; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; Tsurykau, Andrei; Mesic, Armin; Navathe, Sudhir; Papp, Viktor; Oliveira Fiuza, Patrícia; Vázquez, Víctor; Gautam, Ajay; Becerra, Alejandra G.; Ekanayaka, Anusha; K. C., Rajeshkumar; Bezerra, Jadson; Matočec, Neven; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa; Suetrong, Satinee (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.

[Aptroot_et_al._2018-7] Aptroot, A.; Sparrius, L.B.; Alvarado, P. (2018). "Aquacidia, a new genus to accommodate a group of skiophilous temperate Bacidia species that belong in the Pilocarpaceae (lichenized ascomycetes)". Gorteria. 40: 11–14.

[Lücking_&_Santesson_2002-8] Lücking, R.; Santesson, R. (2002). "On the identity of Pyrenotrichum 'atrocyaneum', P. 'mirum', and P. 'podosphaera', campylidea of lichenized Ascomycota (Lecanorales, Ectolechiaceae)". Bryologist. 105 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2002)105[0057:OTIOPA]2.0.CO;2.

[Maublanc_1907-9] Maublanc, A. (1907). "Ceratopycnidium, genre nouveau de Sphéropsidées". Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France (in French). 23 (3): 146–149.

[Lücking_&_Kalb_2000-10] Lücking, R.; Kalb, K. (2000). "Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu Coenogonium und Dimerella (Gyalectaceae)". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (in German). 122: 1–61.

[CoL-Species_Fungorum:_Micarea-11] Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+ (14 February 2020). "Micarea". Catalog of Life Version 2021-08-25. Retrieved 3 September 2021.

[Lücking_1999-12] Lücking, R. (1999). "Verbesserungen zur Kenntnis der foliikolen Flechtenflora Costa Ricas. Die Familie Ectolechiaceae" (PDF). Phyton (in German). 39 (1): 131–165.

[Aptroot_et_al._2007-13] Aptroot, A.; Saipunkaew, W.; Sipman, H.J.M.; Sparrius, L.B.; Wolseley, P.A. (2007). "New lichens from Thailand, mainly microlichens from Chiang Mai". Fungal Diversity. 24: 75–134.

[Sérusiaux_1997-14] Sérusiaux, E. (1997). "Sporopodiopsis, a new genus of lichens (Ectolechiaceae) from S-E Asia". Abstracta Botanica. 21 (1): 145–152. JSTOR 43519214.

[Funk_1983-15] Funk, A. (1983). "Szczawinskia, a new genus of the lichen-forming Coelomycetes". Syesis. 16: 85–88.

[16] "Species Fungorum - GSD Species". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 11 November 2022.

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