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Doctors in Unite
Founded1914
HeadquartersLondon, WC1
United Kingdom
Location
Key people
Coral Jones (Chair)
AffiliationsTUC, Unite the union
Websitedoctorsinunite.com

Doctors in Unite is a trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom. It was formerly known as the Medical Practitioners' Union (MPU) before its affiliation with Unite.

Origin

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The union was founded as the Panel Medical Practitioners' Union in 1914.[1] It was then renamed the Medico Political Union, and then the Medical Practitioners' Union in 1922. It amalgamated with the Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs[2][3][4] in 1970 under the leadership of Hugh Faulkner. It underwent a series of mergers which formed the Manufacturing, Science and Finance union, Amicus[5] and ultimately Unite.[6]

Initially the MPU focused on providing trade union services to GPs in their dealings with local administration of the National Health Insurance scheme, and arguing the case for the extension of the scheme to everyone. The MPU's aims from the outset were to extend the provision of medical care by the state, while retaining the independence of general practitioners.[1]

History

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Doctors in Unite members supporting junior doctors outside the Department of Health in 2016

In the 1950s the MPU focused its attention on occupational health, following the failure to secure the inclusion of occupational health in the NHS when it was established in 1948.[7]

In the 1960s the MPU produced the first ever study of the working patterns of women doctors.[8][9] This led to demands by the MPU and the Medical Women's Federation for the establishment of part-time posts. The MPU also produced the Family Doctors' Charter,[10][11] and called for the modernisation of general practice.[12][13][14] After a campaign by the MPU, the BMA also supported this.[15] Its implementation lead to a significant improvement in general practice.[11]

In the 1970s the MPU renewed its demands for the introduction of part-time posts. It promoted a resolution at the Junior Doctors' Conference calling for such posts.[16] The resolution initially passed, but was then rejected by the BMA's Annual Representative Meeting. [citation needed] However, because of the autonomy guaranteed to MPU representatives, it was still possible for junior doctors to pursue the issue, despite BMA opposition. They succeeded, placing medicine ahead of many other professions in the recognition of part-time work.

In the 1980s the MPU continued to pursue the issue of women's equality, producing the document Women in Medicine which addressed the needs of women doctors, women's health and issues of family-friendly employment for doctors of all genders.[17] It also fought a long campaign to reduce the hours of work of junior doctors.[18][19][20] This including several Parliamentary bills promoted by MPs allied to the Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs union, which detailed proposals on how hours of work could be reduced.[citation needed] There were a series of associated demonstrations, including sleep-ins.[citation needed] Eventually the campaign enabled the BMA to negotiate a new deal on hours of work. The MPU also conducted research documenting racial discrimination in medical recruitment.[21]

Towards the end of the 1980s the MPU produced a document on medical ethics called A Charter of Patient's Rights and Medical Ethics, in conjunction with the Patients Association.[citation needed] It proposed that the composition of the NHS' democratic structure could involve elected neighbourhood health committees,[22] where local communities would pursue measures to improve the health of the community. This would provide a grass roots structure for the control of the NHS, with district, regional and national tiers partly elected directly and partly built up from below. The proposed neighbourhood health committees would consist partly of local residents elected by the local community, partly of health workers elected by their colleagues, and partly of health workers elected by the local community. This made it possible to for health workers and elected community representatives to both be in the majority group.

In the 1990s the MPU focused on opposition to GP fundholding, a policy introduced by Margaret Thatcher's government where GPs held budgets for their patients' care.[11] The MPU proposed its replacement - locality commissioning, where local communities would plan, and allocate resources for, health care which serves their community. Locality commissioning became Labour Party policy in the 1992 election. The document Alternatives to Fundholding, which expanded on these ideas, was produced following the 1997 election.[23] In 1993 it initiated a campaign for a salaried GP option and published "Salaried Service; Threat or Opportunity" in 1997.[24] The policy favoured providing a salaried option for general practitioners who would be employed by the NHS.

Locality commissioning was widely endorsed by doctors, including the BMA, and was implemented by the incoming Labour government in 1997. Sadly, its roots in communities and primary care were soon eroded by commercialisation and competitive markets. The MPU once again had to advocate for an NHS which would be the mechanism for society to pursue health as a social goal.[citation needed] In 2019 it published proposals for public health and primary care in local neighbourhoods.[25]

Relationship with the British Medical Association

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BMA House, Tavistock Square, London

In the 1930s the MPU produced proposals for a National Health Service.[citation needed] The BMA also campaigned for an NHS at the time, but in the 1940s divisions emerged between the two organisations.[26] The MPU supported Aneurin Bevan's plans. The BMA however was concerned by issues that arose in local authority hospitals in the 1930s, and abandoned its previous support for an NHS run by county councils. Instead it firmly opposed nationalisation of hospitals and state employment for doctors.[27][28][29]

The MPU was originally the only medical trade union until the BMA registered as a trade union In 1971.[30] The Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association followed suit in 1974.

The MPU was the only TUC affiliated medical trade union until 1979, when the HCSA also affiliated. It was the only TUC affiliated trade union party to medical negotiating machinery until 2016, when the HCSA also gained recognition.[citation needed] It is committed to restoring the NHS as a publicly owned, publicly provided service which is democratically controlled, planned to meet need and serves as the means by which society pursues health as a social goal.[citation needed]

When the medical negotiating machinery was set up in 1948 the BMA sought to exclude the MPU[citation needed], because of its opposition to trade unionism.[31] Following a campaign by the union, an agreement was reached between the BMA and the MPU in December 1950.[citation needed] The BMA agreed to maintain universal franchise open to all doctors, including MPU members, and gave the MPU seats on the committee representing general practitioners. In return, the MPU withdrew its request for seats on the Doctors and Dentists Whitley Council.[citation needed] That agreement remains in force to this day, and is the means by which UNITE accesses the negotiating machinery for doctors and hospital dentists in the NHS. The agreement also applied to local government from 1950 to 1974, when the NHS negotiating machinery extended to health workers in local government.[citation needed] As that is no longer the case, UNITE is now the only recognised medical trade union in negotiations with local government.[citation needed]

Because of the MPU's unique position, significant number of BMA members who wish to be affiliated to the TUC maintain a dual membership with the MPU.[citation needed]

The recognition of the HCSA in 2016 led to a dispute about the negotiating machinery, which remains unresolved.[citation needed] The HCSA suggested a joint negotiating committee, with representatives from the HCSA and BMA.[citation needed] However, the BMA and UNITE protested that the BMA machinery also represented UNITE and (for hospital dentists) the British Dental Association. They stated that the most appropriate way for the HCSA to access negotiations would be by reaching a similar agreement to that of the MPU and the BMA.[citation needed] Failure to resolve this issue led to a situation in which the BMA, UNITE and the BDA accessed negotiations through BMA machinery, whilst the HCSA met employers separately.[citation needed]

Journal

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The union published the journal Medical World. This originated in 1913 as the official journal of the State Medical Service Association, and was adopted as the MPU's journal the following year.[6]

Aims

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In a document published in its centenary year, entitled Caring for Doctors, Fighting for the NHS - Fighting for doctors, for health and for the people for over 100 years[citation needed] the MPU defined itself as:

  • The campaigning medical union
  • A progressive voice in the BMA
  • Supporting grass roots voices in medicine
  • The medical organisation for the people
  • The medical policy think tank for health as a social goal
  • The medical organisation for equality and diversity
  • The organisation for doctors as health workers
  • The only TUC affiliated union formally party to the BMA representative machinery

References

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  1. ^ a b COOTER, ROGER (2004). "The Rise and Decline of the Medical Member: Doctors and Parliament in Edwardian and Interwar Britain" (PDF). Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 78 (1): 59–107. doi:10.1353/bhm.2004.0012. ISSN 0007-5140. JSTOR 44447953. PMID 15161087. S2CID 40407166.
  2. ^ "Trade Union Bill (Hansard, 19 June 1984)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  3. ^ "Arnold Elliott: NHS GP and pioneer of integrated healthcare". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  4. ^ × LABOUR EDITOR, O 1982, 'UK News and Labour: Legislation likely to boost ASTMS membership', Financial Times (London, England), 19 Apr, p. 6, (online NewsBank).
  5. ^ Shifrin, Tash (2004-06-07). "GPs call for better treatment of asylum seekers". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  6. ^ a b Records of the Medical Practitioners' Union, University of Warwick Modern Records Centre
  7. ^ Medical Practitioners' Union, ed. (1953). Memorandum on the need for the introduction of an occupational health service with suggestions for its organisation. London: Medical Practitioners' Union.
  8. ^ Medical Practitioners' Union; Jefferys, Margot; Elliott, Patricia M.; Great Britain; Great Britain, eds. (1966). Women in medicine: the results of an inquiry conducted by the ... Union in 1962-63. London: Office of Health Economics.
  9. ^ "Women in Medicine: The Results of an Inquiry Conducted by the Medical Practitioners' Union in 1962 – 63". www.ohe.org. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  10. ^ "THE FAMILY DOCTOR (Hansard, 22 January 1964)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  11. ^ a b c Roberts, Neil (1 August 2014). "Interview: 100 years at the heart of GP politics". GP Online. Archived from the original on 2020-08-20. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  12. ^ Design for Family Doctoring. Medical Practitioners' Union. 1967.
  13. ^ "NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE (Hansard, 19 December 1963)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  14. ^ "NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE (REGULATIONS) (Hansard, 3 November 1966)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  15. ^ "NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE (DOCTORS' PAY AND CONDITIONS (Hansard, 17 March 1965)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  16. ^ Gordon, Harvey; Iliffe, Steve (1977). Pickets in white: the junior doctors' dispute of 1975. Medical Practitioners' Union. London: M.P.U. Publications.
  17. ^ Lister, John (1974-01-31). "Changing Patterns of Medical Care — Women in Medicine — A Tribute to Long Service". New England Journal of Medicine. 290 (5): 271–272. doi:10.1056/NEJM197401312900510. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 4587638.
  18. ^ SHERMAN, J 1987, 'New 'staff doctors' proposed', Times, The (London, England), 28 Oct, (online NewsBank).
  19. ^ Union, Medical Practitioners' (1988). How to Improve Your Working Conditions: A Medical Practitioners' Union Factsheet for Junior Hospital Doctors. MSF.
  20. ^ "JUNIOR DOCTORS' CONTRACTS (Hansard, 14 March 1990)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  21. ^ Esmail, A.; Everington, S. (1993-03-13). "Racial discrimination against doctors from ethnic minorities". British Medical Journal. 306 (6879): 691–692. doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6879.691. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1677082. PMID 8471921.
  22. ^ Fitzpatrick, Mike (2007-05-01). "Supermarket medicine?". The British Journal of General Practice. 57 (538): 423. ISSN 0960-1643. PMC 2047038. PMID 17504609.
  23. ^ Glennerster, H.; Cohen, A.; Bovell, V. (1998). "Alternatives to fundholding". International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation. 28 (1): 47–66. doi:10.2190/E5MT-HHGH-5AAA-RC1X. ISSN 0020-7314. PMID 9493753. S2CID 46372270.
  24. ^ Manufacturing, Science & Finance, Southwark St London October 1997
  25. ^ Watkins, Steve (1 January 2019). "Public Health and Primary Care". Doctors in Unite. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  26. ^ Davies, Celia (1981). "Review of The Division in British Medicine: A History of the Separation of General Practice from Hospital Care, 1911-1968". The British Journal for the History of Science. 14 (1): 99–101. doi:10.1017/S0007087400018410. ISSN 0007-0874. JSTOR 4026085. S2CID 144203692.
  27. ^ "The birth of the NHS". The Independent. 2008-06-28. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  28. ^ "BBC News | Special report | Making Britain better". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  29. ^ ""Why should the people wait any longer?" How Labour built the NHS". British Politics and Policy at LSE. 2017-07-07. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  30. ^ Scavone, Francesca. "BMA as a trade union". The British Medical Association is the trade union and professional body for doctors in the UK. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  31. ^ Jones, P. R. (1974). "The British Medical Association and the closed shop". Industrial Relations Journal. 5 (4): 36–45. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2338.1974.tb00569.x. ISSN 1468-2338.
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