Mary Dixon Kies
Mary Dixon Kies (March 21, 1752 – 1837) was an American inventor. On May 5, 1809, her patent for a new technique of weaving straw with silk and thread to make hats was signed by President James Madison.[1]
Some sources say she was the first woman to receive a US patent,[2][3] however other sources cite Hannah Slater in 1793,[4][5][6] or Hazel Irwin, who received a patent for a cheese press in 1808,[7][4] as the first.
Biography
[edit]Family life
[edit]Mary's father, John Dixon, was a farmer born in 1679 in Ulster, Ireland. Her mother, Janet Kennedy, was John Dixon's third wife. They had married in Voluntown, Connecticut on August 7, 1741.
Mary Dixon was born in Killingly, Connecticut on March 21, 1752. She married Isaac Pike I, and in 1770 they had a son, Isaac Pike II. After his death she married John Kies (1750–1813) who died on August 18, 1813, at age 63. She then lived with her second son, Daniel Kies, in Brooklyn, New York, until her death at age 85 in 1837.[8]
Invention
[edit]Because of the Napoleonic Wars, the United States had embargoed all trade with France and Great Britain, creating a need for American-made hats to replace European millinery. The straw-weaving industry filled the gap, with over $500,000 ($9 million in today's money) worth of straw bonnets produced in Massachusetts alone in 1810.[9]
Mary Kies received her patent on May 5, 1809, for a new technique of weaving straw with silk and thread to make hats.[10][11]
The hats produced with this technique were sturdier than others, because Kies’ method of using silk instead of straws in the seam held the cross-hatching together. Also, the hat-making method she introduced was highly cost-effective; thus, a lot of businesses in the hat-manufacturing market adopted it, after Kies’ patent was burned in the fire of the Patent Office in 1836.[12]
Even though there was an estimated profit of $500,00 (now worth $4.7 million) made from straw hat manufacturing, Kies made very little profit from her sales.[13][14]
Recognition
[edit]Dolley Madison sent a letter praising Kies for her invention.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ "Mary Kies Became the First Woman to Receive a U.S. Patent". America's Story from America's Library. Library of Congress. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
- ^ Blakemore, Erin. "Meet Mary Kies, America's First Woman to Become a Patent Holder". Retrieved August 11, 2016.
- ^ "First Women Inventors | History of American Women". www.womenhistoryblog.com. January 3, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
- ^ a b Progress and Potential: A profile of women inventors on U.S. patents United States Patent and Trademark Office.
- ^ "Women Inventors | History Detectives | PBS". www.pbs.org. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
- ^ "10 Key Dates in Women's History: The Early Modern Period". Britannica Blog. Encyclopædia Britannica. March 10, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
- ^ “Not for Ornament”: Patenting Activity by Nineteenth-Century Women Inventors”, by B. Zorina Khan, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, xxxi:2 (Autumn, 2000), 159–195.
- ^ "Mary (Dixon) Kies, America's First Female Patent Holder". Archived from the original on April 27, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2007.
- ^ "May 5, 1809: Hats Off to First U.S. Woman Patent-Holder". Retrieved September 7, 2015.
- ^ "Mary Kies Became the First Woman to Receive a U.S. Patent". America's Story from America's Library. Library of Congress. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
- ^ "HER INVENTIVE GENIUS; How Lovely Woman Is on Record in the Patent Office. MRS. MARY KIES HEADS THE LIST IN 1809 A Colored Woman's Patent – A See-Saw Washing Machine – Inventions Useful and Amusing". The New York Times. June 9, 1895. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
- ^ "Inventor Monday: Mary Dixon Kies". May 6, 2013.
- ^ "Mary Kies". November 2011.
- ^ "NIHF Inductee Mary Kies Transformed the Hat Making Industry".
- ^ "Young and Brave: Girls Changing History". Nwhm.org. Archived from the original on May 5, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
- 1752 births
- 1837 deaths
- 19th-century American inventors
- 19th-century American businesspeople
- American people of Irish descent
- American weavers
- People from Killingly, Connecticut
- American women inventors
- 19th-century women textile artists
- 19th-century American textile artists
- 18th-century women textile artists
- 18th-century American textile artists
- 18th-century American women artists
- 19th-century American businesswomen