Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa
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The Āryamañjuśrīmūlakalpa (The Noble Root Manual of the Rites of Mañjuśrī) is a Mahāyāna sūtra and a Mantrayāna ritual manual (kalpa) affiliated with the bodhisattva of wisdom, Mañjuśrī. In Tibetan Buddhism it is classified as a Kriyā-tantra.[1][2][3][4] According to Sanderson (2009: 129) and the study by Matsunaga (1985), the text is datable to about 775 CE.[5][6]
The Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa is often cited as the earliest example of an extant Indian Buddhist Tantra. Some scholars identify it as a compilation of a core verse text dated circa 6th century CE with later accretions and additions.[2] The Sanskrit version, significantly longer than its corresponding Chinese and Tibetan renderings, is still extant.[2]
The Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa states that mantras taught in the Shaiva, Garuda and Vaishnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Mañjuśrī.[7] The attribution to Mañjuśrī is an attempt by its author(s) to counter the objection that the teachings in this text are of non-Buddhist origin.[7]
The bulk of the text deals with chants and mantras useful for spiritual purposes as well as material gain. Some chapters discuss fierce and sexual tantric rituals.[8]
Editions
[edit]The editio princeps of the mixed Sanskrit text was published by T. Ganapati Sastri in three volumes (Trivandrum, published 1920, 1923, and 1925 respectively).[9][10]
Rahul Sankrityayana's edition appeared in 1934.[11] Ganapati Sastri's edition with some modifications was reprinted by P. L. Vaidya in 1964.[12][13]
An English translation was published online in 2020 by the 84000 organization.[14]
External links
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ a b c Keown, Damien (editor) with Hodge, Stephen; Jones, Charles; Tinti, Paola (2003). A Dictionary of Buddhism. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860560-9 p.172.
- ^ "Publication: Manjushri Mula Kalpa (Chapter Colophons)". www.himalayanart.org. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ C.B.H. Publications. Arya Manjushri Mula Kalpa Of T. Ganapathi Shastri C. B. H. Publications.
- ^ Sanderson, Alexis. "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period. In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009. Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series, 23, pp. 41-350".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Matsunaga, Yukei (1985). "On the Date of the Mañjuśrı̄mūlakalpa". In Strickmann, Michael (ed.). Tantric and Taoist Studies in honour of R.A. Stein. Brussels: Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises. pp. 882–894.
- ^ a b Sanderson, Alexis. "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period." In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009. Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series, 23, pp. 129-131.
- ^ Delhey, Martin (December 11, 2009). "How Buddhist is the Mañjuśriyamūlakalpa (a.k.a.Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa), Abstract of the talk in Tokyo" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
- ^ The Āryamanjuśrîmûlakalpa. Trivandrum: Printed by the Superintendent, Govt. Press., 3 vols, 1920, 1923, 1925, Trivandrum Sanskrit Series no. 70, 76, 84, new reprint ed. in one vol. University of Kerala 2008, Trivandrum Sanskrit Series no. 269 (Sri Satguru Publications reprint in 1989, Delhi; 1992 combined CBH reprint edition at Archive org.)
- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (2020-03-11). "Manjushrimulakalpa, Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa, Manjushri-mulakalpa: 1 definition". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
- ^ Jayaswal, K. P (1934). An imperial history of India in a sanskrit text: [c. 700 B.C. - c. 770 A.D.] ; with a special commentary on later Gupta period. Lahore: Dass. OCLC 257169166.
- ^ Vaidya, Parashuram Lakshman (1964). Mahāyāna-sūtra-saṁgraha. P.2 P.2 (in Sanskrit). Darbhanga: Mithila Inst. of Post-graduate Studies and Research in Sanskrit Learning. OCLC 246245976.
- ^ Einoo, S.; Sanderson, Alexis (2009). Genesis and Development of Tantrism. Tokyo: University of Tokyo. p. 316.
- ^ "The Root Manual of the Rites of Mañjuśrī (Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa)". 84000 Translating The Words of The Buddha. Retrieved 2023-06-15.