SS Empire Javelin
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name |
|
| Owner | MoWT |
| Operator | Blue Star Line |
| Port of registry |  London |
| Builder | Consolidated Steel Corporation, Wilmington, CA |
| Launched | 25 October 1943 |
| Completed | January 1944 |
| Identification |
|
| Fate | Sunk on 28 December 1944 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | |
| Displacement | 11,650 long tons |
| Length | 396.5 ft (120.9 m) |
| Beam | 60.1 ft (18.3 m) |
| Depth | 35.0 ft (10.7 m) |
| Propulsion | 2 × steam turbines, single screw |
| Sensors and processing systems |
|
| Armament |
|
SS Empire Javelin was an Infantry Landing Ship designated an "LSI (Large)" in service with the UK in the latter part of World War II. Launched on 25 October 1943, she was a United States Maritime Commission C1-S-AY1 subtype, one of thirteen similar ships built by Consolidated Steel Corporation.
SS Empire Javelin served as a troop ship in Operation Overlord, starting with the initial landings on the beaches on 6 June 1944 ("D-Day").[1] She was lost on 28 December 1944 while in convoy to France with 1,483 troops aboard somewhere around the midpoint between Southampton, southern England, and Le Havre, France.[2] She may have been torpedoed by German submarine U-322, active in the area on the same day,[3] or struck a mine.[4]
History
[edit]Empire Javelin was built by Consolidated Steel Corporation, Wilmington, California as the Cape Lobos, and transferred under the terms of lend lease on completion in January 1944.[5][6] She was bareboat chartered by the War Shipping Administration to the Ministry of War Transport and managed by Blue Star Line.[6][7]
Action on D Day
[edit]Empire Javelin arrived in Portsmouth late in the summer of 1943 where she took delivery of 18 British designed Thornycroft Landing Craft Assault (LCA's). Sailing north, the Merchant Navy and Royal Navy crews spent many weeks in training off Holy Loch in Scotland, practicing raising and lowering her LCA's and firing her protective anti-aircraft guns in preparation for D-Day.[citation needed]
The ship sailed from Portland Harbour anchorage on 5 June 1944, destined for Dog Green Omaha Beach, Normandy, after embarking troops of the 1st Battalion 116th Infantry regiment of US 29th Division by landing craft from Weymouth, Dorset.[8] Members of Company A, 116th Infantry, were from Bedford, Virginia. where the United States' National D-Day Memorial is located.
The 551st Landing Craft Assault (LCA) Flotilla, crewed by Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) of Combined Operations, was based aboard Empire Javelin on D-Day. Six of the eighteen LCAs of the flotilla were lost on 6 June and the remainder were severely damaged.[9]
Loss, December 28th, 1944
Empire Javelin embarked 1,483 US servicemen at Southampton for Le Havre, France on 28 December 1944. She was in convoy with USS LST-325 and escorted by the Free French frigate L'Escarmouche. In the English Channel on the afternoon of the 28th there was an explosion without warning at 50°5′N 1°0′W / 50.083°N 1.000°W; at least 20 people died and 20 more injured.[10] The L'Escarmouche was called alongside once the extent of the damage had been assessed, and for approximately an hour the men on board the Empire Javelin jumped from the ship. HMS Hargood arrived to assist, standing off nearby on submarine watch. Two minutes after the last man jumped off, there was a large explosion and the ship began settling by the stern. About 10 minutes later she was completely submerged.[10][11]
Initially it was thought that the ship had been torpedoed by German submarine U-772,[12] but it was later revealed that U-772 was sunk earlier that month.[13] Another U-boat, U-322, was active in the area on the same day, and was sunk on the next day south of Weymouth.[3] There is no definitive proof of what sank the Empire Javelin although she was probably sunk by a mine.[4]
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Omaha Beach: American Troops". D-Day: The assault. D-Day: Etat Des Lieux.
- ^ Schoichet's account of the sinking of Empire Javelin: [1]"Noon of December 28 found us approaching the half way mark in the channel...Suddenly, without warning, the whole world erupted."
- ^ a b Pocock, Michael W. "Daily Event for December 28, 2007". Maritime Quest.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2014). "Empire Javelin". Ships not hit by U-boats. Guðmundur Helgason.
- ^ Colledge. Ships of the Royal Navy. p. 113.
- ^ a b Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships (PDF). 1945. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
- ^ "Empire – H –I – J". The 'Empire' Ships. Mariners.
- ^ Winser, John de S (1994). The D-day Ships. Kendal: World Ship Society. p. 37. ISBN 0-905617-75-4.
- ^ "BBC – WW2 People's War – the Royal Navy on Omaha Beach".
- ^ a b The Daily Mirror, 11 July 1945
- ^ Some pictures of the sinking can be seen here
- ^ Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). The Empire Ships (2nd ed.). London: Lloyd's of London Press. p. 427. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2014). "U-772". List of all U-boats. Guðmundur Helgason.
References
[edit]- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
Further reading
[edit]- Balkoski, Joseph (2006). Omaha Beach, D-Day, June 6, 1944. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3376-2.
- Kay-Bujak, Phillip (2024). Empire Javelin, D-Day Assault Ship. Pen and Sword Maritime. ISBN 9781399035811.
- 1944 ships
- Empire ships
- Maritime incidents in December 1944
- Ministry of War Transport ships
- Ships built in Los Angeles
- Ships of the Blue Star Line
- Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II
- Steamships of the United Kingdom
- Steamships of the United States
- Troop ships of the United Kingdom
- Type C1-S ships
- World War II merchant ships of the United States
- World War II shipwrecks in the English Channel