Jump to content

NLAW

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from MBT LAW)
"RB 57" and "MBT-LAW" redirect here. For the aircraft series, see RB-57 Canberra. For other weapons designated LAW, see Light anti-tank weapon (disambiguation).

NLAW
NLAW at a Saab Bofors Dynamics exhibition stall
TypeAnti-tank guided missile
Place of origin
Service history
In service2009–present[5]
Used bySee § Operators
Wars
Production history
DesignerSaab Bofors Dynamics[5]
Designed1999–2008[4][7]
Manufacturer
Unit costUS$30,000–40,000 (domestic cost, FY 2008)[10][11][12]
Produced2008–present[4][7]
No. built24,200+[13][14]
Specifications
Mass12.5 kg (28 lb)[15]
Length102 cm (3 ft 4 in)[4]
Diameter150 mm (5.9 in)[4]
Crew1[16]
Calibre
  • 115 mm (4.5 in) missile body
  • 150 mm (5.9 in) warhead[5]
Muzzle velocity
Effective firing range
Maximum firing range1,000 m (3,300 ft)[4][7]
Sights2.5x telescopic sight with night vision[2][17]
WarheadHEAT[4]
Warhead weight1.8 kg (4.0 lb)[18]
Detonation
mechanism
Proximity fuze (Overfly Top Attack)[15]
Contact fuze (Direct Attack)[15]
Blast yield>500 mm (20 in) armour penetration[15]
Guidance
system
PLOS (Predicted Line Of Sight)[15]
Launch
platform
Man-portable launcher[4]

The Saab Bofors Dynamics NLAW (pronounced: enn-LAH, /ˈɛnlɔː/), also known as the MBT LAW or RB 57, is a fire-and-forget, lightweight shoulder-fired, and disposable (single-use) line of sight (LOS) missile system, designed for infantry use. The missile uses a soft-launch system and is guided by predicted line of sight (PLOS). It can carry out an overfly top attack (OTA) on an armoured vehicle, or a direct attack (DA) on structures and non-armoured vehicles.

The system was developed in Sweden by prime contractor Saab Bofors Dynamics, on behalf of the British and Swedish defence authorities who procured the system in a joint venture. It was mainly produced in the United Kingdom by Team MBT LAW UK, which included 14 subcontractors, most notably Thales Air Defence. Users of the weapon include Finland, Indonesia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom.

Etymology

[edit]

The name "NLAW" initially referred to the original British development programme which Saab won the contract for with the "MBT LAW".[15][17][19] NLAW stands for Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon or Next-Generation Light Anti-armour Weapon. The N is short for "Next generation"[15] or "Next-generation",[2] while LAW is an abbreviation of "Light Anti-tank Weapon"[2][15] or "Light Anti-Armour Weapon".[8][20] MBT LAW stands for Main Battle Tank Light Anti-armour Weapon.[15] NLAW has since development become the international designation of the weapon, while MBT LAW exists as a designation for the weapon in the British Army.[15]

The name "RB 57" derives from the weapon's designation in Swedish service – robot 57 ("guided missile 57") – which has the abbreviation rb 57.[21][5][15] At times the specified form pansarvärnsrobot 57 ("anti-armour guided missile 57"), pvrb 57 for short, can also be found.[22][23] The 5 indicates its missile class and the 7 indicates its consecutive number in that class (robot 57 = 7th missile of the 5th class).[citation needed]

Overview

[edit]

In 1997, the British Defence Procurement Agency (DPA) began issuing invitations to tender for a new man-portable anti-tank weapon, to replace the obsolescent British LAW 80s.[8] Swedish Bofors of the Celsius Group (later bought by Saab AB),[24] American Lockheed Martin, and German Dynamit Nobel replied with offers; due to the limited spots of the NLAW-trials come January 2001, only the two former were rewarded with Project Definition Phase contracts in 1999. Bofors began development of the so-called MBT LAW the same year.[16][25]

British soldiers firing an NLAW

In May 2002,[26] Saab Bofors Dynamics' MBT LAW was selected as winner over Matra BAe Dynamics' Kestrel (the British derivative of Lockheed Martin's FGM-172 SRAW) in the NLAW-trials. In June, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between the British DPA and the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV), who also showed interest in the system.[16][25] Accordingly, the NLAW-programme became a British–Swedish joint venture (primarily led by the DPA) assigned to Saab Bofors Dynamics (full development and production).[8][20]

It was developed in Sweden and produced in the United Kingdom, with final assembly done by subcontractor Thales Air Defence. The contract signed in June 2002, between Saab and the two defence authorities, was worth approximately 4.8 billion SEK, including development and serial production; Sweden's share in the serial production was estimated at one billion SEK.[27]

With the finalising of agreements between Sweden and the United Kingdom in 2003,[23] the development of the system continued until 2008, when it entered production in the UK.[4] Deliveries of the weapon began in December 2008; it entered the service of the Swedish, Finnish and British armed forces the following year.[5][19] It has been estimated that the UK requirement for the British Armed Forces was for 14,000 units, or more; it replaced the obsolescent LAW 80 system and the ILAW (AT4 CS) which was used as a substitute until its deployment.[8][19] In 2005, the Swedish government placed a first order for 2,000 units from Saab.[13] Finland has placed three orders between 2007 and 2017, for a total of 3,000 units.[13][18] This was followed by Luxembourg,[28] Indonesia,[14] Malaysia,[29] and Switzerland.[30] As of 16 March 2022, the United Kingdom confirmed that it had delivered more than 4,000 of their NLAWs to the Ukrainian military, to be used against Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[31]

Development

[edit]

Research for a new Swedish light anti-tank guided missile began in the 1990s by the Swedish Armed Forces, for its mechanized infantry which were lacking both tanks and anti-tank warfare weapons. Initially, the project focused on creating as simple and cost-effective a system as possible; after some analysis, the need for a man-portable anti-tank weapon with great effectiveness at short to mid-range emerged.[23]

In October 1999, the British DPA awarded Bofors (later Saab Bofors Dynamics) with a product definition order to procure a weapon prototype within 22 months, corresponding to the requirements of the British NLAW-programme:[8] To be able to hit a moving target at 400 m (1,300 ft) and a stationary target at 600 m (2,000 ft), with a maximum weight of 12.5 kg (28 lb);[25] some of the requirements later made by the Swedish FMV were a lowered backblast area, a minimum effective range of 20 metres, and an environmental adaptation for international operations.[20] Saab Bofors Dynamics, the DPA, and the FMV each paid a third of the assessment-phase cost for the MBT LAW,[25] of £18 million.[16] The FMV invested additional money during the NLAW-trials, while the DPA ceased further funding until a contract was signed.[25]

The project gained momentum in 2002–2003 after being selected by the British and Swedish defence authorities,[16][23] meeting the demanding requirements from both nations.[32][27] Both launcher and missile development was done by Saab Bofors Dynamics in Eskilstuna and Karlskoga, Sweden, using technology derived from earlier Bofors systems; such as the RBS 56B BILL 2 (warhead and guidance) and AT4 CS (confined space capability),[26] as well as some further developments.[25] The United Kingdom and Sweden shared the development costs.[33] Full production and delivery was expected to begin by the end of 2006, with the development phase "nearing its end" in 2005 according to Nick Moore (DPA).[17] However, as a result of qualification failures in the tests of November 2006,[8] it was delayed until 2008.[7][19] Due to the similar requirements made by the Swedish and British defence authorities, the weapon comes with only minor differences in appearance.[17] It uses a single shaped-charge warhead, as opposed to other comparable missiles that have a tandem warhead.[15]

Saab, who also develops the system software, announced in 2015 that they had been able to optimise the guidance system by fine-tuning its predicted line of sight. An effective range of 800 m (2,600 ft) and up against stationary targets was demonstrated in April 2014.[7][16] An effective range of 600 m (2,000 ft) against moving targets has also been reported.[18]

Production

[edit]
A member of the UK 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment, firing an NLAW

As jobs are often the focus of large material orders, a requirement by the British DPA for signing a contract with the winner was that the production of the system would occur in the United Kingdom. For this reason, Saab Bofors Dynamics contracted UK-based Thales Air Defence ahead of the NLAW-programme—while Lockheed Martin contracted Matra BAe Dynamics. To produce the system, Saab and Thales went on to create Team MBT LAW UK which included 14 subcontractors.[25] As per the agreements signed between the United Kingdom and Sweden in 2002–2003,[32] manufacturing occurred mostly in the UK, with final assembly and test done at the Thales Air Defence facilities in Belfast, Northern Ireland.[16][26] The weapon went into full production in 2008. The final cost for the MBT LAW contract since the beginning of the NLAW-programme, including the assessment phase, development, and manufacture-license, ended up at approximately £400–437 million.[16][19]

Team MBT LAW UK, which provided components for the system, included: Thales Air Defence (final assembly); BAE Systems Avionics (inertial measurement unit); NP Aerospace (plastic and composite mouldings); FR-HiTemp (control fins and actuators); Raytheon Systems (electronics assemblies); Skeldings (special purpose springs); Thales Missile Electronics (proximity fuze); MetalWeb; BAE Systems RO Defence; EPS Logistics Technology; Express Engineering; Portsmouth Aviation; ICI Nobel Enterprises; Leafield Engineering.[16] The missile's warhead is made in Switzerland by Saab Bofors Dynamics Switzerland Ltd.[34]

More than 24,200 units have been produced.[13] Depending on which source, it costs: £20,000 (2008);[8] US$30,000 (2022);[10] US$33,000 (2022);[11] US$40,000 (2022).[12] Each unit has a shelf life of around 20 years.[15]

Operation

[edit]
Finnish soldiers simulate the OTA mode on a BMP-2 in a combat demonstration

The NLAW is a man-portable, soft-launch, and confined-spaces (saltwater countermass) system,[32] allowing the missile to be fired from almost anywhere; the operator can safely fire through any window of a room no bigger than 4 x 2.5 x 2.5 m (high).[8] The missile is first shot out of the launcher with a low-powered ignition system, after which its main rocket ignites and propels it to the target. Guidance uses a predicted line of sight (PLOS) system. For a moving target, the operator maintains tracking for at least 2–3 seconds. The software embedded in the missile's INS records the operator's aiming movement and extrapolates the flight path needed to intercept the target. After launch, the missile flies autonomously along the pre-programmed flight path, controlled by an inertial guidance system.[4][32][35] The system weighs 12.5 kg (28 lb), with a rocket weight of 6.5 kg (14 lb); the mass of the warhead is 1.8 kg (4.0 lb).[18] It is unnecessary for the operator to consider the target distance (so long as it is within range), or to stay exposed whilst the missile is in the air (fire-and-forget).[36]

Against tanks and other armoured vehicles, the overfly top attack (OTA) mode is used; the missile flies about one metre above the line of sight, detonating the warhead above the target's weaker top armour via proximity fuze and magnetic sensors. The exact way in which the "combined magnetic and optical sensors" ensure the proper detonation of the warhead is classified. The direct attack (DA) mode is used against non-armoured targets, detonating the warhead on impact via contact fuze as the missile flies on the line of sight. The launcher can be fired only once and is disposed of after use.[32] The operator can adjust the arming distance of the missile, to avoid a premature detonation triggered by the sensors when it flies over non-targets. They can also fire down or up at a 45-degree angle. The method of exploding above the tank by one metre was met with scepticism at the time. Saab had to work hard to show that they could make the system work. Saab NLAW designer Christer Nygren said: “The protection on main battle tanks was increasing all the time...We saw that we needed a new type of attack. But, with the over-the-top attack, you create another technical challenge, which is how to hit vertically down through the roof of the tank when the velocity of the missile is in the forward direction. It’s a tricky thing. Before any contracts were signed we had to present a lot of technical evidence that we could really defeat a tank from the top and get the warhead [to detonate] at the right time.” Saab claims that in 20 years the US designers have not matched the NLAW system's technology. Adding "You give them an hour of training and they can fight the T-90 [the most advanced Russian tank] without a problem.”[37] [38] The missile will auto-destruct at the maximum flight time of 5.6 seconds, which is about 1,000 m (3,300 ft). It is designed to operate in all climate conditions and environments, from −38 to +63 degrees Celsius.[18][39]

Combat history

[edit]

Russo-Ukrainian War

[edit]
Russian T-80 destroyed by NLAWs

Preceding the escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the United Kingdom supplied 2,000 NLAW systems to Ukraine, with another 1,615 delivered by 9 March 2022[40][41] to bolster Ukraine's military.[6] More NLAWs were requested by the Ukrainian military following reports that they proved highly effective against Russian vehicles, leading to at least 100 more being allocated by Luxembourg.[42][43] Alongside US FGM-148 Javelin anti-tank missile systems, delivered as a precaution against increased hostilities, the Ukrainian forces reported that NLAWs produced far greater damage against Russian armoured vehicles than their standard Soviet-era equipment.[12] On 24 March 2022, the UK pledged to deliver a further 6,000 NLAWs and a senior Ukrainian military officer also claimed they were the "weapon of choice" for his troops, responsible for 30–40% of Russian tanks destroyed.[44]

Captured Ukrainian anti-tank weapons, including an NLAW

An unknown number of launchers were captured by the armed forces of Russia and the pro-Russian self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic during the conflict.[45][46][47] A number of these captured weapons were reportedly transferred to Iran as part of a deal to acquire drones.[48]

NLAWs were the most numerous advanced guided anti-tank missile in Ukraine as of April 2022.[49]

Operators

[edit]
World map with operators in blue

Current operators

[edit]

 Finland (3,000 + additional in 2023)

[edit]

Finland announced missile orders in 2007 worth €38 million.[9][50] In Finnish service the missile is designated 102 mm raskas lähipanssarintorjuntaohjus NLAW (102 RSLPSTOHJ NLAW) for Finnish speaking troops,[51][52] and 102 mm tung närpansarvärnsrobot NLAW (meaning roughly "102 mm heavy close-in anti-armour missile") for Fenno-Swedish speaking troops.[53]

>3,000 ordered:[13]

  • 1,500 units ordered in 2007, delivered in 2009–2010, €38 million deal [54]
  • 1,000 units ordered and delivered in 2015, €36 million deal [54]
  • 500 units ordered in 2017, delivered in 2018 [54]
  • Unknown quantity ordered in 2023, deliveries 2024–2025, €46 million deal [55][56]

 Indonesia (600)

[edit]

600 units delivered in 2012–2013.[14]

 Malaysia (500)

[edit]

500 units ordered in 2016 or 2017, and delivered in 2018–2020.[13][29]

 Sweden (5,000)

[edit]

2,000 units ordered in 2005, and delivered in 2009–2012.[13] Another 3,000 units order was placed in December 2022 at a cost of 900M SEK for delivery in 2024-2026.[57] In Swedish service the missile is designated robot 57 (RB 57),[58][5] or pansarvärnsrobot 57 (pvrb 57) in expanded form,[22] meaning "missile 57" and "anti-armour missile 57" respectively (the 5 indicates its missile class and the 7 indicates its consecutive number in that class = 7th missile of the 5th class).[citation needed]

  Switzerland (4,000)

[edit]

4,000 units in 2017 to fill capability gap left by M47 Dragon decommissioning in 2008,[30] and delivered in from 2018.[13]

 Ukraine (>5,000 donated)

[edit]

2,000 NLAW units were supplied to Ukraine by the United Kingdom by 19 January 2022 in anticipation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[6][36] Another 100 were sent from Luxembourg following the invasion.[43] As of 9 March 2022, the UK confirmed that it had delivered a total of 3,615 NLAW to Ukraine.[40] As of 16 March 2022, the UK confirmed that it had delivered more than 4,000 NLAWs to Ukraine.[31] As of 15 May 2023, the UK delivered more than 5,000 NLAWs to Ukraine.[59] In Ukrainian service the missile is designated Protytankovyy raketnyy kompleks NLAW (Протитанковий ракетний комплекс NLAW), or PTRK NLAW (ПТРК NLAW) for short, meaning "Anti-Tank Missile System NLAW".[60]

 United Kingdom (21,000 total order)

[edit]

Selected in May 2002 for the British Army Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW) requirement. The system has replaced the ILAW and LAW 80.[8] In British service the missile is formally designated Round, Guided Missile, NLAW (Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon), High-Explosive Anti-Tank, K170A1 or K170A2 (GM NLAW HEAT K170A1/A2) depending on the variant (A1 = Mk1, A2 = Mk2),[61][62][63][64] but the project name "Main Battle Tank Light Anti-Armour Weapon" (MBT-LAW) also appears.[15][19] The UK donated thousands of NLAWs out of its own stocks to Ukraine, which it plans to replace from January 2023 onwards, followed by "a larger subsequent order".[65]

  • 14,000 units ordered in 2002, and delivered in 2009–2010.[13]
  • 7,000 units ordered in 2022, deliveries planned for 2023-2026, £229 million deal [66]

Future operators

[edit]

 France

[edit]

Unknown quantity planned to be ordered as of June 2024, to be used as the intermediate solution between the AT4 and the Akeron MP ATGM. [67]

Former operators

[edit]

 Luxembourg (100)

[edit]

100 units ordered in 2010 (50) and 2015 (50), and delivered in 2012 and 2016–2017. (All 102 donated to Ukraine war) [13][28]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Saab Bofors MBT-LAW (N-LAW)". Military Factory. 24 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d "Next-Generation Light Anti-Tank Weapon: NLAW Additional Specifications". United Kingdom: The British Army. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  3. ^ a b "MBT LAW". Deagel. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "NLAW MBT LAW RB-57: Anti-tank man-portable short-range fire-and-forget missile". Army Recognition. 13 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Next generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW)". Defense Update. Kadima, Israel: Lance & Shield. 31 December 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  6. ^ a b c Haynes, Deborah (20 January 2022). "Russia-Ukraine tensions: UK sends 30 elite troops and 2,000 anti-tank weapons to Ukraine amid fears of Russian invasion". Sky News. London, UK: Comcast. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Nilsson, Emil (25 June 2015). Written at Stockholm, Sweden. "Product Update – NLAW" (PDF) (Press release). Chicago, United States: Saab AB. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Cision.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Burr, Tim (11 December 2008). Major Projects Report 2008: Project Summary Sheets (PDF). National Audit Office. London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office (published 18 December 2008). pp. 89–96. ISBN 978-0-10295450-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2022 – via The National Archives.
  9. ^ a b "Saab delivers new anti-tank weapon to Finland" (Press release). Stockholm, SE: Saab AB. 20 December 2007. Archived from the original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Shoulder-launched missiles could make Ukraine war nightmare for all sides". The National. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. 3 March 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  11. ^ a b Lye, Harry (26 January 2022). "West bolsters Ukrainian arsenal as Russian threat looms". Shephard Media. London, UK. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  12. ^ a b c Ahronheim, Anna (1 March 2022). "The weapons that are turning the Russian hunters into prey-analysis". The Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem, IL. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "SIPRI: Arms Transfers Database – Trade registers over Sweden and the UK". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Stockholm, SE: SIPRI. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  14. ^ a b c Adjie, Haryo (15 August 2019). "Hancurkan Sasaran Eks Panser Saladin, Untuk Pertama Kalinya Saab NLAW TNI AD Diuji Tembak" [Destroy the Target of Saladin's Ex Panzer, for the first time the Indonesian Army's Saab NLAW is being tested]. Indomiliter (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "NLAW". Stockholm, SE: Saab AB. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Next generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW)". Think Defence. 24 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  17. ^ a b c d Forsberg, Magnus (May 2005). "Två länder ett vapen" [Two countries, one weapon] (PDF). Protec (in Swedish). Stockholm: Försvarets materielverk. pp. 18–19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d e "Finland buys an additional party launchers NLAW". Weaponews. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  19. ^ a b c d e f "Main Battle Tank Anti-armour Weapon (MBT LAW)". Armed Forces. UK. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  20. ^ a b c Lindström, Ulf (15 March 2006). "Nytt pansarvärnssystem" [New Anti-tank system] (PDF). Protec (in Swedish). Stockholm: Försvarets materielverk. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  21. ^ "SEK 500M Order from Sweden for RB 57 NLAW". Defense Industry Daily. 27 December 2005. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  22. ^ a b "Första skottet med pansarvärnsrobot 57". forsvarsmakten.se. Swedish Armed Forces. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  23. ^ a b c d Skjutreglemente: Pansarvärnsrobot 57 [Shooting regulation: Anti-tank missile 57] (in Swedish). Stockholm, SE: Swedish Armed Forces. 2011. p. 7. Libris ID: 12279733.
  24. ^ "Saab and Celsius create leading Nordic Defense Company". Stockholm, SE: Saab AB. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g Norberg, Ylva (April 2001). "Saab Bofors Dynamics siktar på Storbritannien" [Saab Bofors Dynamics aims for the United Kingdom] (PDF). FMV Aktuellt (in Swedish). Stockholm: Försvarets materielverk. pp. 6–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  26. ^ a b c "Saab wins contract in Great Britain worth several billion SEK". Stockholm, SE: Saab AB. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  27. ^ a b Böhlin, Birgitta (2002). "FMV tecknar Memorandum of understanding med Storbritannien" [FMV signs a Memorandum of understanding with the United Kingdom] (PDF). FMV Aktuellt (in Swedish). Stockholm: Försvarets materielverk. p. 35. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  28. ^ a b Written at Stockholm, SE. "New Customer Nation for NLAW". ASD News. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: ASD Media BV (published 15 June 2010). Saab AB. 14 June 2010. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  29. ^ a b Mahadzir, Dzirhan (26 July 2018). Written at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. "Malaysia emerges as NLAW customer". Shephard Media. London, UK: Shephard Press. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  30. ^ a b Chuter, Andrew (28 June 2017). Written at London, UK. "Saab snags $120M Swiss contract for its next-gen anti-tank weapon". Defense News. Tysons, Virginia, US: Sightline Media Group. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  31. ^ a b Wallace, Ben (16 March 2022). "Defence Secretary meets NATO Defence Minister in Brussels". London, UK. Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  32. ^ a b c d e "NLAW: Next generation Light Anti-tank Weapon". Karlskoga, SE: Saab Bofors Dynamics. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Yumpu.
  33. ^ Af Sandeberg, Jane (2008). "Koordination med ambitioner" [Coordination with ambitions] (PDF). Protec (in Swedish). Stockholm: Försvarets materielverk. p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  34. ^ "Waffenlieferungen an Ukraine – Schweizer Gefechtsköpfe gegen russische Panzer" (in German). Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF). 6 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  35. ^ "Miniaturization of the Infantry Weapons's Components: New Guided Missiles, Programmable Munitions Enhancing The Infantry Precision Fire Effects". Defense Update. Kadima, IL: Lance & Shield. December 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  36. ^ a b Roblin, Sebastien. "The NLAW Missiles The U.K. Rushed to Ukraine May Only Be Useful in Desperate Circumstances". Forbes. Jersey City, New Jersey, US. ISSN 0015-6914. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  37. ^ Ed Cumming (20 May 2022). "'It warms my heart to see Russian tanks blown up – it means our NLAW was a success'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  38. ^ "5 facts about Saab's NLAW anti-tank system". Saab. 11 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  39. ^ "New Anti-tank To Switzerland". C4Defence. 29 June 2017. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  40. ^ a b Allison, George (9 March 2022). "Britain sending anti-aircraft and Javelin missiles to Ukraine". UK Defence Journal. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  41. ^ Beale, Jonathan (9 March 2022). "Ukraine: Are arms shipments from the West making a difference?". BBC News. London, UK: British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  42. ^ Atherton, Kelsey D. (3 March 2022). "These are the weapons in the Ukrainian arsenal". Popular Science. New York City, NY, US. ISSN 0161-7370. OCLC 488612811. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  43. ^ a b Siebold, Sabine (28 February 2022). "Luxembourg to send anti-tank weapons, jeeps to Ukraine, defence minister says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  44. ^ Parker, Charlie; Grylls, George (24 March 2022). Brown, Larisa (ed.). "Britain promised extra 6,000 missiles and war funds for Ukraine". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460.
  45. ^ "Amerikanskij granatomet i raketu NLAW našli na byvših pozicijah VSU" Американский гранатомет и ракету NLAW нашли на бывших позициях ВСУ [American grenade launcher and NLAW rocket found at former positions of the Ukrainian Armed Forces]. Izvestiya (in Russian). Moscow, Russia: Inews. 27 February 2022. ISSN 0233-4356. OCLC 427395058. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  46. ^ Pritchard-Jones, Oliver (25 February 2022). "Horror as Russians capture British anti-tank weapon: soldiers gloat over deadly device". Daily Express. London, UK: Reach plc. ISSN 0307-0174. OCLC 173337077. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  47. ^ Written at Dontesk, Ukraine. "Vojska DNR zahvatili kompleksy NLAW i Javelin na ukrainskih pozicijah" Войска ДНР захватили комплексы NLAW и Javelin на украинских позициях [DPR troops seized NLAW and Javelin complexes at Ukrainian positions]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). Moscow, Russia. 6 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  48. ^ Deborah Haynes (9 November 2022). "Russia flew €140m in cash and captured Western weapons to Iran in return for deadly drones, source claims". Sky News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  49. ^ Cancian, Mark F. (12 April 2022). "Will the United States Run Out of Javelins Before Russia Runs Out of Tanks?". Centre for Strategic and International Studies. Washington, DC; USA. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  50. ^ "Puolustusvoimille uusia lähipanssarintorjuntaohjuksia" [New anti-tank missiles for the Defense Forces] (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Defence Forces. 20 December 2007. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  51. ^ Heikel, Viktor (18 January 2022). "Storbritannien säljer lätta pansarvärnsmissiler till Ukraina" [The United Kingdom is selling light anti-tank missiles to Ukraine]. YLE (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  52. ^ "Ohimarssi Jätkänkynttilän sillalla kello 13.15" (in Finnish). puolustusvoimat.fi. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  53. ^ "Förbimarschen på bron Jätkänkynttilä klockan 13.15" (in Swedish). puolustusvoimat.fi. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  54. ^ a b c "Trade Registers". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  55. ^ "Tämä ase on tehnyt rajua tuhoa Venäjän tankeille – Suomi hankkii sitä lisää: "Panssarintorjunnan selkäranka"". mtvuutiset.fi (in Finnish). Alma Media. 11 February 2023. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  56. ^ "Hankintapäätös PLM/2023/7. NLAW (New Generation Light Anti-Tank Weapon) -‍panssarintorjuntaohjusten yhteishankinta". valtioneuvosto.fi (in Finnish). Government of Finland. 9 February 2023. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  57. ^ "Saab Receives Order for NLAW from Sweden" (Press release). Linköping, Sweden: Saab AB. 15 December 2022. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022 – via Cision.
  58. ^ "SEK 500M Order from Sweden for RB 57 NLAW". Defense Industry Daily. 27 December 2005. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  59. ^ "What weapons are being given to Ukraine by the UK?". BBC News. 27 May 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  60. ^ "Школа молодого бійця ТрО: проста інструкція до ПТРК NLAW" (video instruction) (in Ukrainian). Armed Forces of Ukraine. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  61. ^ DSA 03.OME Part 3 Volume 2 - Defence Code of Practice (DCOP) and Guidance Notes for Ranges (PDF). Defence Safety Authority. p. 230. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  62. ^ EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE GUIDE FOR UKRAINE FIRST EDITION (PDF). GICHD. p. 124. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  63. ^ "24. Infantry Anti-Tank Weapon Ranges". Defence ranges safety (PDF). JSP. Vol. 2. London, UK: Defence Safety Authority. 20 May 2015. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  64. ^ Laura W. "GW Theory A". Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  65. ^ "Antitank Missiles: Contracts". They Work For You. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  66. ^ Dunlop, Tom (7 December 2022). "Britain orders thousands more NLAW anti-tank weapons". Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  67. ^ Lagneau, Laurent (13 June 2024). "Les régiments d'infanterie vont renforcer leur trame antichar avec des missiles à courte portée NLAW". Zone Militaire (in French). Retrieved 13 June 2024.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NLAW&oldid=1255435122"