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M12 A-coded 5-pin connector: For each connector size, the A-coding is the inspecific pinout variant and the only variant defined in varying numbers of pins.
Ethernet cable with an M12 X-coded connector in one end and a modular connector in the other.

IEC metric screw sized connectors is a family of electrical connectors defined by IEC that are named according to their ISO metric screw thread, namely M5, M8 and M12.[1] The number gives their outer screw thread diameter in millimeters as with the identically named screws. However, the connectors are further classified by a so-called coding, denoted by one or more letters, which defines things like pin layout, shape of connecting surfaces and electrical properties.[2][3]

The many types are partly to prevent incorrect connection.[2] The larger connector sizes are the most varied, with designated connectors ranging from analog and digital signals to AC and DC power.[4]

Each "coding" has a different keyway that prevents incorrect connection between incompatibly keyed connectors.[5]

The connectors on the ends of cables have a freely rotating screw threads that are turned to screw the plug into its mating socket, while the connectors attached to equipment have fixed screw threads that do not rotate. This means two panel-mount connectors will not fit together as they cannot be screwed in, however two cables are able to be joined together. The gender does not affect this arrangement - both male and female panel-mount connectors are fixed, and both male and female cable ends have freely rotating screw threads.

Major uses include factory automation and transportation.[2] Products can be designed for high weather and chemical resistance (high IP rating)[2] as well as mechanical durability.[1]

Standard listing

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Variants

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All variants permit one or more pins to be removed to create differently keyed connectors.[7] For example any pin in a 6-pin connector could be removed, to make six different, incompatible 5-pin connectors.

M5
Coding Pins Diagram Uses
A 3[8] Signal[4]
4[8]
M8
Coding Pins Diagram Current rating Voltage rating Uses
A 3[7] 3 A 60 Vac/dc Signal, Ethernet[4]
4[7] 30 Vac/dc
6[7] 1 A
8[7]
B 5[7][9] 3 A 30 Vac/dc DeviceNet[4]
C 12[7]
D 4[4] Profinet[4]
P 4[9]
M12 T-coded 2-pin connectors. Left, panel mount female socket. Right, inline male plug. The screw thread on the inline connectors can be freely moved regardless of gender, while the threads on the panel mount connectors are always fixed.
M12
Coding Pins Diagram Current rating Voltage rating Uses
A 2[10][6] 4 A 250 Vac/dc DC power, sensors, actuators, 1 Gb/s Ethernet[3][1]
CANopen, DeviceNet, Profibus PA[4]
3[7][6]
4[7][6]
5[7][6] 2 A 60 Vac/dc
6[7][6] 30 Vac/dc
7[7][6]
8[7][6]
9[7][6] 1.5 A
10[7][6]
11[7][6]
12[7][6]
13[7][6]
14[7][6]
15[7][6]
16[7][6]
17[7][6]
B 5[6] 2 A 60 Vac/dc Non-Ethernet Fieldbus connections, commonly Profibus DP[3][1][4]
C 3[7] AC power, including motor connections[3]
4[7]
5[7]
6[7]
D 4[7][6] 4 A 250 Vac/dc Industrial Ethernet protocols such as Profinet and EtherNet/IP; only Fast Ethernet (100 Mb/s) because of its two wire pairs.[3]
E 2 + FE[11]
3 + FE[11]
4 + FE[11]
F 2[11] DC power
3[11]
4[11]
FO 2 optical + 2 electric
H 8[12] - -
K 2 + PE[11] 16 A 600 Vac AC power (single phase)
3 + PE[11] AC power (3-phase)
4 + PE[11][13] AC power (3-phase delta)[13]
L 2[11] 12 A
16 A		 63 Vdc DC power
2 + FE[11]
3[11]
3 + FE[11]
4[11]
4 + FE[11][13]
M 2 + PE[11] 8 A 600 Vac AC power (single phase)
3 + PE[11] AC power (3-phase)
4 + PE[11] AC power (3-phase delta)[13]
5 + PE[11][13] 3-phase motor + auxiliary wire pair[13]
P 4 + PE[11] AC power (three phase)
S 2 + PE[11][13] 12  A 300 Vac AC power (single phase)[13]
3 + PE[11][13] 600 Vac AC power (3-phase delta)[13]
T 2[11] 12 A 60 Vdc DC power[13]
3[11]
4[11][13]
X 8[12][6] - - 10 Gb/s Ethernet[3][1][6]
Y 8[6] Power + 100 Mb/s Ethernet[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Industrial Ethernet Connector Round-Up". Fluke Networks. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2021. When it comes to industrial Ethernet, M12 and M8 connectors are by far the most popular and universally adopted for industrial control systems. They come in a variety of pin counts with the 4- or 8-pin varieties required for Ethernet and they can be used with twisted-pair category cable, from category 5e to fully shielded category 7A. (…) A-coded M12 connectors used primarily for sensors and actuators can support 1 Gbit/s Ethernet, B-coded connectors are for Profibus applications, and C-coded connectors are used for AC power. For industrial Ethernet, 4-pin D-coded can support 100 Mbit/s Ethernet, but X-coded connectors with 8-pin counts and superior shielding are gaining ground as they can support higher-speed Ethernet up to 10 Gbit/s when used with category 6A or higher cabling. And when it comes to PoE, the 4-pin M12 can support Type 1 PoE, while the 8-pin M12 is required for Type 2 and above. (…) Like the M12, M8 connectors are also coded with the 4-pin D-coded connectors supporting 100 Mbit/s and Type 1 PoE and the 8-pin version supporting up to 10 Gbit/s and Type 2 and above PoE. While RJ-45 connectors are the de facto interface for Ethernet, and they are available in ruggedized versions for harsher environments, M12 and M8 locking connectors are far more durable and better designed to handle the ongoing vibration of industrial equipment since they are locked into place.
  2. ^ a b c d "What does the coding mean on M12 connectors?". 2021-05-26. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Need an M12 Connector? Don't Forget to Ask about Coding!". 2021-03-26. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "M5 to M12 circular connectors Product overview 2020/2021" (PDF). Phoenix Contact. 17 December 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  5. ^ "M12 connector coding for automation and industry 4.0 compliance". Machine Design. Altech Corporation.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "Coding of M12 Cordsets" (PDF). Murrelektronik. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa IEC 61076-2-104 M8 connectors with screw-locking or snap-locking
  8. ^ a b IEC 61076-2-105 M5 connectors with screw-locking
  9. ^ a b "Buccaneer M8 Series" (PDF). 4 November 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  10. ^ IEC 61076-2-101 M12 connectors with screw-locking
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y IEC 61076-2-111 M12 power connectors with screw-locking
  12. ^ a b IEC 61076-2-109 M12 connectors with screw-locking for data transmission frequencies up to 500 MHz
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Get amped with M12 Power!". Phoenix Contact. Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
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