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Luster, Norway

Coordinates: 61°29′38″N 07°19′46″E / 61.49389°N 7.32944°E / 61.49389; 7.32944
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This article is about the municipality in Sogn, Norway. For the village in Luster municipality, see Luster (village).
Luster Municipality
Luster kommune
Municipality
Lyster herred  (historic name)
View of the village of Luster
View of the village of Luster
Flag of Luster Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Luster Municipality
Coat of arms
Vestland within Norway
Vestland within Norway
Luster within Vestland
Luster within Vestland
Coordinates: 61°29′38″N 07°19′46″E / 61.49389°N 7.32944°E / 61.49389; 7.32944
CountryNorway
CountyVestland
DistrictSogn
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreGaupne
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Andreas Wollnick Wiese (Sp)
Area
 • Total
2,706.34 km2 (1,044.92 sq mi)
 • Land2,596.74 km2 (1,002.61 sq mi)
 • Water109.61 km2 (42.32 sq mi)  4.1%
 • Rank#17 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total
5,302
 • Rank#176 in Norway
 • Density2/km2 (5/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +5.2%
DemonymLustring[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4644[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Luster is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located at the end of the Sognefjorden in the traditional district of Sogn. The administrative centre is the village of Gaupne. Other villages in Luster include Fortun, Hafslo, Indre Hafslo, Jostedal, Luster, Nes, Ornes, Skjolden, Solvorn, and Veitastrond.

Luster is centered around the inner branch of the Sognefjord, which is called the Lustrafjorden. Its landscape includes fjords, steep mountains, water-abundant waterfalls, blue glaciers, and valleys. Both Jostedalsbreen National Park and Breheimen National Park are partially located in this municipality. The Sognefjellsvegen road goes over a mountain pass in eastern Luster.

The 2,706-square-kilometre (1,045 sq mi) municipality is the 17th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Luster is the 176th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,302. The municipality's population density is 2 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.2/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.2% during the previous 10-year period.[4][5]

In 2016, the chief of police for Vestlandet formally suggested a reconfiguration of police districts and stations. He proposed that the police station in Luster be closed.[6]

General information

[edit]
View of the Fortun area
Norwegian sheep and Luster landscape
Old Gaupne Church

Lyster was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The original municipality was identical to the Lyster parish (prestegjeld) with the sub-parishes (sokn) of Fortun, Dale, Nes, and Gaupne. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1963, the neighboring municipalities of Hafslo and Jostedal were merged with Luster, forming a much larger municipality. After the merger, Luster had 5,854 residents.[7]

Since the consolidation of the three municipalities of Hafslo, Jostedal and Luster in 1963, the area has been characterized by scattered rural settlements and large distances between these settlements. Luster was the largest municipality by area in the old Sogn og Fjordane county.[8]

On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly created Vestland county after Sogn og Fjordane and Hordaland counties were merged.

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Lustrafjorden (Old Norse: Lústr) and the village of Luster which grew up along the fjord. The name is derived from the word ljóss which means "light" or "bright", referring to the bright color of the water from the glaciers.[9] Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Lyster. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Luster.[10]

Coat of arms

[edit]

The coat of arms was granted on 20 April 1990. The official blazon is "Azure, a tilia curled argent forming an annulet" (Norwegian: På blå grunn ein sølv linderanke lagt i sirkel). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a tilia branch curled into a circle. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms are inspired by an old woodcarving found in the Urnes Stave Church which is located in the municipality. The arms were designed by Inge Rotevatn from Nordfjordeid. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[11][12][13]

Churches

[edit]

The Church of Norway has eight parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Luster. It is part of the Sogn prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.[14]

Churches in Luster
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Dale Dale Church Luster 1250
Fet og Joranger Fet Church Fet 1894
Joranger Church Joranger 1660
Fortun Fortun Church Fortun 1879
Gaupne Gaupne Church Gaupne 1908
Old Gaupne Church 1647
Hafslo Hafslo Church Hafslo 1878
Veitastrond Chapel Veitastrond 1928
Jostedal Jostedal Church Jostedal 1660
Nes Nes Church Nes 1909
Solvorn Solvorn Church Solvorn 1883
Urnes Stave Church Ornes 1130

Government

[edit]
Mayor Andreas Wollnick Wiese, Luster(2024)

Luster Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[15] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Sogn og Fjordane District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Luster is made up of 25 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Luster kommunestyre 2023–2027 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:25
Luster kommunestyre 2019–2023 [17]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 13
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:25
Luster kommunestyre 2015–2019 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 13
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:25
Luster kommunestyre 2011–2015 [19]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Luster kommunestyre 2007–2011 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:29
Luster kommunestyre 2003–2007 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 12
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:29
Luster kommunestyre 1999–2003 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 17
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), and Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
Total number of members:29
Luster kommunestyre 1995–1999 [20]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 15
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:29
Luster kommunestyre 1991–1995 [21]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 18
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Local list for Hafslo (Bygdalista for Hafslo)1
Total number of members:37
Luster kommunestyre 1987–1991 [22]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 16
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Local list for Hafslo (Bygdalista for Hafslo)2
Total number of members:37
Luster kommunestyre 1983–1987 [23]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 16
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Local list for Hafslo (Bygdalista for Hafslo)3
Total number of members:37
Luster kommunestyre 1979–1983 [24]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 14
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Local list for Hafslo (Bygdalista for Hafslo)3
Total number of members:37
Luster kommunestyre 1975–1979 [25]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 17
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Cross-party common list (Tverrpolitisk Samlingsliste)2
Total number of members:37
Luster kommunestyre 1971–1975 [26]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 16
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 2
Total number of members:37
Luster kommunestyre 1967–1971 [27]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 15
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 9
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:37
Luster kommunestyre 1963–1967 [28]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 16
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 19
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 2
Total number of members:37
Luster heradsstyre 1959–1963 [29]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Luster heradsstyre 1955–1959 [30]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti) 4
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Luster heradsstyre 1951–1955 [31]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 17
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 12
Total number of members:36
Luster heradsstyre 1947–1951 [32]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 16
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 10
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:36
Luster heradsstyre 1945–1947 [33]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 6
  List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders (Arbeidarar, fiskarar, småbrukarar liste) 11
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 8
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 11
Total number of members:36
Luster heradsstyre 1937–1941* [34]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 18
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
  Joint list of the Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) and the Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 2
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 1
Total number of members:36
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

[edit]

The mayors of Luster:[35]

  • 1838-1841: Mons S. Fuhr
  • 1842-1843: Peder Lavold
  • 1844-1845: Hans Hanson Urdahl, Sr.
  • 1846-1853: Sølfest Urdahl
  • 1854-1861: Mons S. Fuhr
  • 1862-1863: Hans Hanson Urdahl, Sr.
  • 1864-1865: John Z. Næs
  • 1866-1866: Sølfest Urdahl
  • 1867-1867: John Z. Næs
  • 1868-1869: Sølfest Urdahl
  • 1870-1875: John Z. Næs
  • 1876-1877: Hans Hanson Urdahl, Jr.
  • 1878-1881: John Z. Næs
  • 1888-1893: Hans Hanson Urdahl, Jr.
  • 1894-1897: Sjur O. Fuhr
  • 1898-1898: Hans J. Næss
  • 1899-1900: Sjur T. Næss
  • 1901-1904: Sjur O. Fuhr
  • 1905-1906: Sjur T. Næss
  • 1907-1910: Per Urdahl
  • 1911-1916: Halvard Drægni
  • 1917-1919: Johannes Fladhammer
  • 1920-1921: Halvard Drægni
  • 1922-1922: Hermann Prestegård
  • 1923-1925: Jens Døsen
  • 1926-1927: Halvard Drægni
  • 1928-1928: Olav Tjønn
  • 1929-1931: Anders Molland
  • 1932-1934: Hermann Prestegård
  • 1935-1941: Anders Molland
  • 1942-1944: Eirik Weka
  • 1946-1947: Hans Prestegård
  • 1948-1959: Olav Listou
  • 1960-1975: Anders Bjørk (Sp)
  • 1976-1977: Kåre Øvregard (Ap)
  • 1978-1979: Knut P. Nes (KrF)
  • 1980-1989: Jan Haugen (Sp)
  • 1990-2003: Ernst Weum (Ap)
  • 2003-2011: Torodd Urnes (KrF)
  • 2011-2023: Ivar Kvalen (Sp)
  • 2023-present: Andreas Wollnick Wiese (Sp)[36]

Geography

[edit]
Note people entering the ice cave in the glacier Nigardsbreen—this gives some perspective on the size of the glacier as the cave shows in the other picture.
The glacier Nigardsbreen and the lake Nigardsbrevatnet in Luster.

Location

[edit]

Luster, one of the largest municipalities in southern Norway, is located in the glacial mountains where the Sognefjorden begins its path to the North Sea. The fjord is fed by many large glaciers such as the Harbardsbreen, Holåbreen, Jostedalsbreen, Nigardsbreen, Spørteggbreen, and others.[37]

It is bordered by four municipalities in Vestland county: Stryn to the north, Sunnfjord to the west, Sogndal to the southwest, and Årdal to the southeast. It is also bordered by three municipalities in Innlandet county: Skjåk to the northeast and by Lom and Vang to the east.

Feigumfoss waterfall

[edit]

With a vertical drop of 218 metres (715 ft), the Feigumfoss Waterfall is one of the highest in Scandinavia.[38]

Mountains

[edit]

The Hurrungane, Breheimen, and Jotunheimen mountains cover parts of the municipality. Store Skagastølstind (or Storen) is the third highest mountain peak in Norway at 2,405 metres (7,890 ft) high, and it is located on the southern border of Luster and Årdal. It is part of the Hurrungane mountain range which contains some of the most alpine peaks in Norway.

Mountains of Luster over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft)[38]
Mountain Height Mountain Height
Store Skagastølstind 2,405 m (7,890 ft) Store Dyrhaugstind 2,147 m (7,044 ft)
Store Styggedalstinden 2,387 m (7,831 ft) Mjølkedalstind 2,137 m (7,011 ft)
Jervvasstind 2,351 m (7,713 ft) Store Ringstind 2,124 m (6,969 ft)
Sentraltind 2,351 m (7,713 ft) Tverrådalskyrkja 2,088 m (6,850 ft)
Vetle Skagastølstind 2,340 m (7,680 ft) Lodalskåpa 2,083 m (6,834 ft)
Midtre Skagastølstind 2,284 m (7,493 ft) Store Soleiebotntind 2,083 m (6,834 ft)
Store Austanbotntind 2,203 m (7,228 ft) Søre Dyrhaugstind 2,072 m (6,798 ft)
Store Raudalseggi 2,168 m (7,113 ft) Fannaråken 2,068 m (6,785 ft)
Store Raudalstind 2,157 m (7,077 ft) Stetind i Jotunheimen 2,020 m (6,630 ft)
Uranostind 2,157 m (7,077 ft) Brenibba 2,018 m (6,621 ft)

Lakes and Rivers

[edit]

There are notable lakes such as Veitastrondsvatnet, Austdalsvatnet, Styggevatnet, Tunsbergdalvatnet, Prestesteinsvatnet, and Hafslovatnet. There are also many big waterfalls such as the Feigumfoss waterfall at 218 metres (715 ft) tall. The river Jostedøla runs through the Jostedal valley and empties into the fjord at Gaupne.

Storelvi with Austerdalen (right) and Langedalen (left)

Glaciers

[edit]

The Jostedalsbreen glacier (including the arm called Nigardsbreen) is the biggest glacier in continental Europe, the highest point on it is Høgste Breakulen. It is located west of Jostedal, north of Gaupne, in Jostedalsbreen National Park, much of which is located in the municipality of Luster.[38] Other glaciers include the Austerdalsbreen, Harbardsbreen and Spørteggbreen.

Economy

[edit]

The inhabitants of Luster make their living by farming, growing berries and fruit, tourism, and hydroelectricity. Jøstedal and Fortun have large hydroelectric power stations. Summer tourism is quite busy. Tourist activities include mountain climbing, skiing, fishing, hiking, and hunting.[38] The Sognefjellsvegen tourist road passes through Luster.

River fishing

[edit]

Fishing permits (for salmon fishing) are sold for use on specific rivers, including Årøy-elva.[39]

Culture and education

[edit]

Historic churches

[edit]
Urnes Stave Church
Urnes Stave Church

Urnes Stave Church was built around 1150 and is Norway's oldest Stave church. The Church lies majestically on the top of Urnes. The Stave church is one of four Norwegian Churches on UNESCO`s list of the most precious cultural monuments in the world.

The Stave churches are constructions of high quality, richly decorated with carvings. In virtually all of them the door frames are decorated from top to bottom with carvings. This tradition of rich ornamentation appears to go back to the animal carvings of the Viking age. The dragons are lovingly executed and transformed into long-limbed creatures of fantasy, here and there entwined with tendrils of vine, with winding stems and serrated leaves. The elaborate designs are executed with supreme artistic skill. The stave church doorways are, therefore, among the most distinctive works of art to be found in Norway. However, it is difficult to connect them with the Christian gospel.[38]

Old Gaupne Church

The Old Gaupne Church is a magnificent church that was built in 1647 on a hill directly opposite Gaupne centre.[38]

Dale Church

Dale Church is a stone church that was built in gothic style in the year 1250.[38]

Breheim center

[edit]

The Breheim Center contains a comprehensive exhibition. A journey through 20,000 years - from the Ice age to the present day, an audio/visual show takes visitors inside the glacier. Glacier boat M/S "Jostedalsrypa" crosses the Nigard Glacier Lake. There are internationally approved guides, glacier and climbing courses, and ski-trips.[38]

Education

[edit]

In 2020, 32% of the municipality's applicants for [secondary schooling] videregående skole, sought [non-vocational schooling], studiespesialisering; [67% or] the rest of the applicants sought vocational schooling.[40]

Notable people

[edit]
Gerhard Munthe, 1817

Twin cities/towns

[edit]

Luster has sister city agreements with the following places:

[edit]
  • Lodalskåpa, a peak in the northeast part of Jostedalsbreen
    Lodalskåpa, a peak in the northeast part of Jostedalsbreen
  • Feigumfossen
    Feigumfossen
  • Hafslovatnet lake with the Sognefjord in the background
    Hafslovatnet lake with the Sognefjord in the background
  • Lustrafjorden
    Lustrafjorden
  • Urnes Stave Church
    Urnes Stave Church
  • Sognefjell
    Sognefjell
  • Skjolden at Lustrafjorden in Luster, Norway
    Skjolden at Lustrafjorden in Luster, Norway
  • Several groups of people are glacier hiking on the glacier Nigardsbreen
    Several groups of people are glacier hiking on the glacier Nigardsbreen

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Fjelltveit, Ingvild; Raunholm, Per Vidar (20 December 2016). "Foreslår å legge ned 17 lensmannskontor i Vest politidistrikt". NRK Hordaland (in Norwegian). Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  7. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  8. ^ Natvik, Oddvar (9 February 2005). "Some historical data on the 26 Kommunes". Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
  9. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1919). Norske gaardnavne: Nordre Bergenhus amt (in Norwegian) (12 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 8.
  10. ^ "Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1917. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m". Norsk Lovtidend (in Norwegian). Kristiania, Norge: Grøndahl og Søns Boktrykkeri: 1057–1065. 1917.
  11. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Luster, Sogn og Fjordane (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  13. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 30 May 1990. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  14. ^ "Alle kirker og kirkegårder i Norge" (in Norwegian). 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2008.
  15. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  16. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  18. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Sogn og Fjordane". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
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