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List of countries by date of recognition of the United States

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This is a list of nations by when they recognized the United States.[1]

List

[edit]
State Date Notes
Morocco June 23, 1777 Morocco implicitly recognized the United States in 1777,[2][3] after Sultan Mohammed III signed a decree granting American ships protection and free access to Moroccan ports.[4] The Sultan previously expressed his desire to be a "friend of the Americans".[4] Morocco formally recognized the United States on June 23, 1786, when a treaty of peace and friendship was signed.[5]
France February 6, 1778[6] Treaty of peace and trade signed by the Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes on the behalf of King Louis XVI.

Louis XVI previously stated that he recognized the sovereignty of the United States on December 6, 1777 but he had not signed the treaty.[6]

The Netherlands April 19, 1782 The first official acknowledgement of the sovereignty of the United States of America was on November 16, 1776, when the first foreign salute[7] was given to the American Flag. The gun salute was given to the vessel USS Andrew Doria in Fort Orange on the Dutch island of St. Eustatius.[8][9] This event is known as the 'first salute' [10] [11]
Portugal February 15, 1783[12] Diplomatic relations only began in 1791 following the Revolutionary War.[13]
Spain February 20, 1783 [citation needed] On September 4, 1776, Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga recognised the United States as a nation in his correspondence with General Lee, addressing him with the title "General of the United States of America".[14] This term was transmitted to Joseph Reed and George Washington.[15][16]
Sweden April 3, 1783[17] Officially in 1783 with "The Swedish-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce". Unofficially the Swedish king Gustav III was the first head of state to recognise USA in 1777 [18] and expressed his excitement about "this new republic" in October 1786.[19]
Ragusa July 7, 1783[20] de facto recognition
Venice August 1783[21]
Great Britain September 3, 1783 Signing of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, ending the American Revolutionary War and recognizing U.S. independence.
Papal States December 15, 1784
Prussia September 18, 1785
Hamburg June 17, 1790
Genoa October 25, 1791
Denmark-Norway June 9, 1792
Bremen May 28, 1794
Tuscany May 29, 1794 Exact date of recognition unknown, but occurred between May 29, 1794 and December 7, 1796.
Tunisia March 28, 1795[22] Some time in mid-1795.
Algeria September, 1795[23] September 5, 1795.
Naples May 20, 1796
Tripolitania November 4, 1796
Austria 1797 Month and day unspecified
Piedmont-Sardinia 1802 Month and day unspecified
Russian Empire October 28, 1803[24]
Mecklenburg-Schwerin January 22, 1816
Gran Colombia June 19, 1822 As ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary on behalf of Gran Colombia Credentials are presented by Manuel Torres who established diplomatic relations with the United States and in turn is received as the first ambassador of Colombia by U.S. President James Monroe on June 19, 1822. This act represented the first U.S. recognition of a former Spanish colony's independence.
Mexico December 12, 1822
Württemberg November 21, 1825
Hawaii December 23, 1826[25]
Hesse May 14, 1829
Switzerland November 30, 1829
Oldenburg December 2, 1829
Hanover January 8, 1830
Ottoman Empire February 11, 1830
Baden July 13, 1832
Bavaria July 4, 1833
Oman September 21, 1833[26]
Republic of Texas March 3, 1837[27]
China June 16, 1844[28]
Nassau May 27, 1846
Brunswick April 5, 1848
Parma June 1850
Iran June 28, 1850
Schaumburg-Lippe June 16, 1852
Mecklenburg-Strelitz December 2, 1853
Japan March 31, 1854 Perry Expedition
Ryukyu July 11, 1854
Italy April 11, 1861[29]
Orange Free State December 22, 1871[30]
Serbia October 14, 1881[31]
Korea May 22, 1882[32]
Abyssinia (Ethiopia) December 27, 1903[33]
Montenegro October 30, 1905[34]
Yugoslavia February 10, 1919[35]
Poland May 2, 1919[36]
Afghanistan July 26, 1921[37]
Albania July 28, 1922
Canada February 18, 1927[38]
South Africa November 5, 1929[39]
Iraq January 9, 1930[40]
Soviet Union November 16, 1933[24][41]
Philippines July 4, 1946
Pakistan August 15, 1947
South Korea January 1, 1949[42]
Taiwan December 19, 1949[28]
South Vietnam February 7, 1950[43]
Bosnia and Herzegovina April 7, 1992[44]
Slovenia April 7, 1992[45]
North Macedonia February 9, 1994[46]
Vietnam January 28, 1995[43]
Serbia and Montenegro November 12, 2000[47]
East Timor May 20, 2002[48]
Kosovo February 18, 2008[49]
South Sudan July 9, 2011[50]
Cook Islands September 25, 2023[51]
Niue September 25, 2023[52]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "A Guide to the USA' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776". United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  2. ^ Högger, Daniel (2015). The recognition of states : a study on the historical development in doctrine and practice with a special focus on the requirements. Zürich. ISBN 978-3-643-80196-8. OCLC 918793836.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ "U.S. Relations With Morocco". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
  4. ^ a b Roberts, Priscilla H.; Tull, James N. (1999). "Moroccan Sultan Sidi Muhammad Ibn Abdallah's Diplomatic Initiatives toward the United States, 1777–1786". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 143 (2): 233–265. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 3181936.
  5. ^ "Morocco – Countries – Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
  6. ^ a b "La France reconnaît l'indépendance des Etats Unis. 1778". www.vallee-du-ciron.com. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
  7. ^ First Foreign Salute to the American Flag, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1906/02/11/101766312.pdf
  8. ^ [[[Special:PermanentLink/1110751054]] "Johannes de Graaff"], Wikipedia, 2022-09-17, retrieved 2023-11-15 {{citation}}: Check |url= value (help)
  9. ^ [[[Special:PermanentLink/1175340680]] "Barbara W. Tuchman"], Wikipedia, 2023-09-14, retrieved 2023-11-15 {{citation}}: Check |url= value (help)
  10. ^ 'first salute'. John Adams Institute (Netherlands)
  11. ^ [[[Sint Eustatius#"First Salute"]] "First Salute"]. CABI Compendium. 2022-01-07. Retrieved 2023-11-15. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  12. ^ https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/en/bilateral-relations/general-countries/united-states-of-america/ [bare URL]
  13. ^ https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/en/bilateral-relations/general-countries/united-states-of-america/ [bare URL]
  14. ^ Robertson, James A. (1918). "Spanish Correspondence Concerning the American Revolution". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 1 (3): 299–316. doi:10.2307/2505671. ISSN 0018-2168. JSTOR 2505671.
  15. ^ "Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
  16. ^ "Founders Online: From George Washington to Colonel Joseph Reed, 30 November 1776". founders.archives.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
  17. ^ https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-39-02-0154%7CThe Swedish-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, with Translation, 3 April [i.e., 5 March] 1783
  18. ^ Klerkäng & Haverkamp, Anna & Roy T (1958). Sweden – America's First Friend. Örebro & Stockholm. pp. 4 & 8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. ^ von Proschwitz, Gunnar T. (1992). Letter to countess de Boufflers 1776-10-18. Wiken. p. 149. ISBN 91-7119-079-1.
  20. ^ Muljačić, Žarko (1956-06-04). "Odnosi Dubrovnika i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država". NAŠE MORE: Znanstveni časopis za more i pomorstvo (in Croatian). 3 (1): 65–70. ISSN 0469-6255.
  21. ^ Ambrosini, Federica (1975). "Un incontro mancato: Venezia e Stati Uniti d'America (1776–1797)". Archivio Veneto. 106 (140): 136–137.
  22. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Tunisia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  23. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "algeria". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
  24. ^ a b Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Russia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  25. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Hawaii". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020. On December 23, 1826, the U.S. signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Hawaii thus indirectly recognizing Hawaiian independence.
  26. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Oman". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020. The first formal act of diplomatic engagement and recognition between the United States and the Sultanate of Oman occurred on September 21, 1833, when a bilateral treaty of Amity and Commerce was signed at Muscat by Special Agent Edmund Roberts and His Majesty Seyed Syeed bin Sultan of Muscat.
  27. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Texas". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020. The United States recognized Texan independence on March 3, 1837, when U.S. President Andrew Jackson nominated Alcée La Branche as Minister to Texas.
  28. ^ a b Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "China". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  29. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Italy". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States officially recognized the Kingdom of Italy when it accepted the credentials of Chevalier Joseph Bertinatti as Minister Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Italy on April 11, 1861.
  30. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Orange Free State". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020. The first known act of recognition between the United States and the Republic of the Orange Free State occurred in 1871 when plenipotentiaries for the two states signed a Convention of Friendship and Commerce and Extradition on December 22, 1871.
  31. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized the Kingdom of Serbia as a sovereign nation on October 14, 1881, with the signing of consular and commercial agreements between the two nations.
  32. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Korea". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States and the Kingdom of Choson (Korea) engaged in their first official diplomatic interaction on May 22, 1882, when representatives of the two states signed a treaty of amity and commerce at Chemulpo, Korea. The treaty had been negotiated with the assistance of Chinese officials, since China had for many years had influence in Korea's foreign affairs due to a historical tributary relationship between the two countries. In fact, Korea was an independent state and this fact was acknowledged in the treaty.
  33. ^ "History of the U.S. and Ethiopia". U.S. Embassy in Ethiopia. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  34. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Montenegro". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  35. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia*". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. On February 7, 1919, the United States recognized the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes through a statement released to the press by the U.S. Acting Secretary of State Frank Polk. The United States considered this new state as the successor state to the Kingdom of Serbia.
  36. ^ "Policy & History". U.S Embassy & Consulate in Poland. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  37. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Afghanistan". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized Afghanistan on July 26, 1921, when President Warren G. Harding received a mission of the Afghan Government at the White House.
  38. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Canada". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020. The United States recognized Canada as an independent state with autonomous control over its foreign relations on February 18, 1927, when Vincent Massey presented his credentials in Washington as Canadian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
  39. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "South Africa". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized the Union of South Africa on November 5, 1929, when President Herbert Hoover accepted the credentials of Eric Hendrik Louw as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Union of South Africa.
  40. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Iraq". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020. The United States recognized Iraq on January 9, 1930, when Charles G. Dawes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, signed the Anglo-American-Iraqi Convention in London.
  41. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics*". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. Normal diplomatic relations between the United States and Russia were interrupted in 1917 and were resumed on November 16, 1933, when President Franklin Roosevelt informed Soviet Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov that the United States recognized the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and wished to establish normal diplomatic relations.
  42. ^ "North America". South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on 2015-07-22. Retrieved July 22, 2015. January 1, 1949: U.S. Official Recognition of the Republic of Korea
  43. ^ a b Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Vietnam". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  44. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Bosnia and Herzegovina". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020. The United States recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement.
  45. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Slovenia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized Slovenia as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement.
  46. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "North Macedonia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  47. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Serbia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  48. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Timor-Leste". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  49. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Kosovo". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized Kosovo's independence and agreed to establish diplomatic relations on February 18, 2008, when Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice released a press statement announcing President George W. Bush's decisions.
  50. ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "South Sudan". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  51. ^ https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/09/25/statement-by-president-biden-on-the-recognition-of-the-cook-islands-and-the-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/ [bare URL]
  52. ^ https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/09/25/statement-by-president-biden-on-the-recognition-of-niue-and-the-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/ [bare URL]
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