Lists of emperors

This is a list including all rulers who had carried the title of emperor or who ruled over an empire through history.

Emperors of traditional empires

Empire	Duration	Title(s)	See
Achaemenid Empire	550 BC–330 BC	Shahanshah ("King of Kings")	List of Persian monarchs
Maurya Empire	322 BC–184 BC	Chakravarti ("ideal universal ruler") Samrat ("proper ruler")	List of Mauryan emperors
Imperial China	221 BC–1912	皇帝, pronounced Huángdì ("Godly ruler")	List of Chinese emperors
Chola Empire	848–1279	Chakravartigal^[1]("ideal universal ruler")	List of Tamil monarchs
Khmer Empire	802–1431	Devarāja ("Godly ruler")	Monarchy of Cambodia
Vietnam	544–602 968–1945	皇帝, pronounced Hoàng Đế ("Godly ruler")	List of Vietnamese emperors
Ottoman Empire	1299–1922	Padishah ("Master King")	List of Ottoman emperors
Mongol Empire	1206–1634	Khagan ("Great Khan")	List of Mongol rulers
Mughal Empire	1526–1857	Padishah ("Master King") Shahenshah ("King of Kings")	List of Mughal emperors
Iranian Empire	1501–1979	Shahanshah ("King of Kings")	List of Persian monarchs
Durrani Empire	1747–1823	Shah	List of Afghan monarchs
Japan	660 BC-Present	天皇, pronounced Tennō ("Heavenly Sovereign") 皇帝, pronounced Kōtei ("Godly ruler")	List of emperors of Japan
Korean Empire	1897–1910	皇帝, pronounced Hwangje ("Godly Ruler")	List of monarchs of Korea

Empire	Duration	Title(s)	See
Alexandrian Empire	331 BC–301 BC	Basileus	Alexander the Great
Roman Empire	27 BC–1453	Augustus Basileus	List of Roman emperors
Empire of Nicaea	1204–1261	Basileus
Empire of Trebizond	1204–1461	Basileus	List of Trapezuntine emperors
Empire of Thessalonica	1224–1242	Basileus
Latin Empire	1204–1261	Imperator	Latin Emperor
Holy Roman Empire	800–1806	Imperator	Holy Roman Emperor
Bulgarian Empire	893–1018 1185–1396	Tsar	List of Bulgarian monarchs
Serbian Empire	1346–1371	Tsar	List of Serbian monarchs
Spanish colonial empire	1492–1898	Rey	List of Spanish monarchs
British colonial empire	1497–1997	King	List of British monarchs
Russian Tsardom	1547–1721	Tsar	List of Russian monarchs
Russian Empire	1721–1917	Imperator	List of Russian monarchs
Austrian Empire	1804–1918	Kaiser	List of Austrian monarchs
German Empire	1871–1918	Kaiser	List of German monarchs
Indian Empire	1877–1947	King-Emperor	Emperor of India
French Empire	1804–1815 1852–1870	Empereur	List of French monarchs

Empire	Duration	Title	See
Aztec Empire	1375–1521	Hueyi Tlatoani ("great ruler")
Inca Empire	1438–1533	Sapa Inca ("only ruler")	Pre-Conquest Sapa Incas Post-Conquest Sapa Incas
Empire of Brazil	1822–1889	Imperador	List of Brazilian monarchs

Empire	Duration	Title(s)	See
Ethiopian Empire	1270–1975	Nəgusä nägäst ("ruler of rulers")	List of Ethiopian emperors

Emperor Jacques of the Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
Emperor Augustine of the First Mexican Empire (1822–1823)
Emperor Faustin of the Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
Emperor Maximilian of the Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)
Emperor Sunjong and Gojong of the Korean Empire (1897–1910)
The Hongxian Emperor of the Empire of China (1915–1916)
The Datong Emperor of the Empire of Manchuria (1934–1945)
Emperor Bảo Đại of the Empire of Vietnam (1945)
Emperor Bokassa of the Central African Empire (1976–1979)

See also Self-proclaimed monarchy and micronation

Simeon Uroš, "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" (held by Uroš V), in reality Despot of Epirus and Thessaly (1359–1369)
John Uroš, "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks", in reality Despot of Thessaly (1369–1373)
Jovan Nenad, "Emperor of Serbs" (1526–1527)
Andrés Novales, “Emperor of the Philippines” (1823)
Joshua Abraham Norton, “Emperor of the United States of America” (1859-1880)

^ Thapar, Romila (2004). Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300. University of California Press. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-520-24225-8. The unobtrusive titles used by the early Chola kings were replaced with high-sounding ones, such as chakravartigal (emperor, the equivalent of the northern chakravartin).

This article includes a monarchs-related list of lists.