List of Ediacaran genera
Appearance
(Redirected from List of ediacaran genera)
This is a list of all described Ediacaran genera, including the Ediacaran biota. It contains 241 genera.
Name | Authors | Year | Taxonomy | Validity | Notes | Country |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Affinovendia[1] | Sokolov | 1984 | reinterpretated as trace fossil Treptichnus lublinensis and Cambrian in age | Russia | ||
Albumares[2][3] | Fedonkin | 1976 | Trilobozoa | Russia | ||
Amorphia[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Ukraine | |||
Anabylia[5] | Vodanjuk | 1989 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Russia | ||
Andiva[6] | Fedonkin | 2002 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Anfesta[7] | Fedonkin | 1984 | Trilobozoa | Russia | ||
Annulatubus[8] | Calla A. Carbone et al. | 2015 | Canada | |||
Annulusichnus[9] | Zhang | 1986 | junior synonym of Gaojiashania, tubular fossil | China | ||
Arborea[10] | Glaessner et Wade | 1966 | Was considered a junior synonym of Charniodiscus, now thought to be a colonial Eumetazoan unrelated to Rangeomorphs[11] | Australia | ||
Archaeaspinus[12] | Ivantsov | 2007 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Archaeichnium[13] | Glaessner | 1963 | tubular conical fossil | Namibia | ||
Archangelia[3][14] | Fedonkin | 1979 | Bilaterally symmetric organism with ovoid shape, and midline axial zone. Junior synonym of Onegia nenoxa (according to Grazhdankin, Ph.D. ms.).[15][16] | Russia | ||
Arimasia[17] | Runnegar et al. | 2024 | Porifera | Early sponge, possibly a member of Archaeocyatha. | Namibia | |
Arkarua[18] | Gehling | 1987 | Australia | |||
Armillifera[3][19] | Fedonkin | 1980 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Arumberia[20] | Glaessner et Walter | 1975 | Australia | |||
Askinica[21] | Bekker | 1996 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Russia | ||
Aspidella[22][23] | Billings | 1872 | biradial discoid fossil | Canada | ||
Astra[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Ukraine | |||
Atakia[24] | Palij | 1979 | Ukraine | |||
Attenborites[25] | Droser et al. | 2018 | Australia | |||
Auroralumina[26] | Dunn et al. | 2022 | United Kingdom | |||
Ausia[27] | Hahn et Pflug | 1985 | Namibia | |||
Avalofractus[28] | Narbonne, Laflamme, Greentree et Trusler | 2009 | Canada | |||
Aviculaichnus[29] | Grytsenko | 2009 | junior synonym of Nenoxites | Ukraine | ||
Baikalina[30][31] | Sokolov | 1972 | junior synonym of Ernietta | Russia | ||
Barmia[21] | Bekker | 1996 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Russia | ||
Beltanella[32] | Sprigg | 1947 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Australia | ||
Beltanelliformis[33] | Menner | 1974 | cyanobacterial colony | discoid fossil | Russia | |
Beltanelloides[30][31] | Sokolov | 1972 | nomen nudum, synonym of Beltanelliformis | Russia | ||
Beothukis[34] | Brasier et Antcliffe | 2009 | Canada | |||
Bernashevia[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Ukraine | |||
Bessarabia[35] | Gureev | 1988 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Ukraine | ||
Bilinichnus[14] | Fedonkin et Palij | 1979 | Trace fossil | trace fossil or pseudofossil | Russia | |
Blackbrookia[36] | Boynton et Ford | 1995 | rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure | UK | ||
Bomakellia[37] | Fedonkin | 1985 | possible junior synonym of Rangea | Russia | ||
Bonata[19][38] | Fedonkin | 1980 | Russia | |||
Brachina[39] | Wade | 1972 | Australia | |||
Bradgatia[36] | Boynton et Ford | 1995 | UK | |||
Bronicella[40] | Zaika-Novatsky | 1965 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Ukraine | ||
Buchholzbrunnichnus[41] | Germs | 1973 | Namibia | |||
Bunyerichnus[42] | Glaessner | 1969 | pseudofossil[43] | Australia | ||
Burykhia[44] | Fedonkin, Vickers-Rich, Swalla, Trusler et Hall | 2012 | Russia | |||
Calyptrina[45] | Sokolov | 1965 | tubular fossil | Russia | ||
Catellichnus[46] | Bekker | 1989 | palaeopascichnid | Russia | ||
Catenasphaerophyton[47] | Yan et al. | 1992 | palaeopascichnid | China | ||
Cephalonega[2] | Fedonkin | 1976 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Charnia[48] | Ford | 1958 | UK | |||
Charniodiscus[48] | Ford | 1958 | UK | |||
Chondroplon[49] | Wade | 1971 | probably a junior synonym of Dickinsonia | Australia | ||
Cloudina[50] | Germs | 1972 | tubular fossil | Namibia | ||
Cocardia[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Ukraine | |||
Conomedusites[10] | Glaessner et Wade | 1966 | Australia | |||
Conotubus[9][51] | Zhang et Lin | 1986 | tubular fossil | China | ||
Coronacollina[52] | Clites, Droser et Gehling | 2012 | Sponge (?) | Australia | ||
Corumbella[53] | Hahn, Hahn, Leonardos, Pflug et Walde | 1982 | tubular fossil | Brazil | ||
Costatubus[54] | Selly et al. | 2020 | tubular fossil | USA | ||
Cyanorus[55] | Ivantsov | 2004 | Russia | |||
Cyclomedusa[32] | Sprigg | 1947 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Australia | ||
Dactyloichnus[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Ukraine | |||
Dickinsonia[32] | Sprigg | 1947 | Australia | |||
Ediacaria[32] | Sprigg | 1947 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Australia | ||
Elainabella[56] | Stephen M. Rowland and Margarita G. Rodriguez | 2014 | Protoctista | multicellular alga | USA | |
Elasenia[57] | Fedonkin | 1983 | Ukraine | |||
Eoandromeda[58] | Tang, Yin, Bengtson, Liu, Wang et Gao | 2008 | Ctenophora | China | ||
Eocyathispongia[59] | Zongjun Yin et al. | 2015 | Porifera | small 3 chambered sponge | China | |
Eoporpita[39] | Wade | 1972 | Australia | |||
Epibaion[60] | Ivantsov | 2002 | Trace fossil | grazing traces of Proarticulata | Russia | |
Ernietta[61][62] | Pflug | 1966 | Namibia | |||
Evmiaksia[7] | Fedonkin | 1984 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Russia | ||
Fedomia[63] | Serezhnikova et Ivantsov | 2007 | Sponge (?) | Russia | ||
Flavostratum[64] | Serezhnikova | 2013 | Russia | |||
Fractofusus[65][66] | Gehling et Narbonne | 2007 | Canada | |||
Frondophyllas | Bamforth et Narbonne | 2009 | Canada | |||
Funisia[67] | Droser et Gehling | 2008 | tubular fossil | Australia | ||
Finkoella[68] | Andrej Martyshyn | 2021 | F. ucrainica is a Pseudofossil, however F. oblonga is of microbial origin | Ukraine | ||
Ganarake[69] | Retallack | 2022 | Lichen? | First interpreted as tubestones, now thought to be earliest preserved remains of a Lichen | USA | |
Gaojiashania[9][70] | Yang, Zhang et Lin | 1986 | tubular fossil | China | ||
Garania[21] | Bekker | 1996 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Russia | ||
Gehlingia[71] | McMenamin | 1998 | Australia | |||
Gibbavasis[72] | Vaziri, Majidifard et Laflamme | 2018 | Small, oval-shaped form similar to Ausia fenestrata | Iran | ||
Gigarimaneta[73] | Taylor et al. | 2021 | Canada | |||
Glaessnerina[74] | Germs | 1973 | junior synonym of Charnia | Australia | ||
Gureevella | Menasova | 2006 | Ukraine | |||
Hadrynichorde | Hofmann, O'Brien, et King | 2008 | Canada | |||
Hagenetta[75] | Hahn et Pflug | 1988 | junior synonym of Beltanelliformis | Namibia | ||
Hallidaya | Wade | 1969 | Australia | |||
Haootia | Liu et al. | 2014 | Cnidaria | Canada | ||
Harlaniella[30][31][76] | Sokolov | 1972 | Vendotaenid | tubular fossil | Ukraine | |
Hapsidophyllas | Bamforth et Narbonne | 2009 | Canada | |||
Hiemalora[77] | Fedonkin | 1982 | Russia | |||
Horodyskia[78] | Yochelson & Fedonkin | 2000 | Russia | |||
Hylaecullulus[79] | Kenchington, Dunn & Wilby | 2018 | Multifoliate Petalonamid similar to Primocandelabrum and Bradgatia. | UK | ||
Ichnusa | Debrenne et Naud | 1981 | Cnidarian | Italy | ||
Ikaria | Evans et al. | 2020 | stem-bilateran | Australia | ||
Inaria | Gehling | 1987 | Australia | |||
Inkrylovia | Fedonkin | 1979 | junior synonym of Onegia | Russia | ||
Intrites[19] | Fedonkin | 1980 | palaeopascichnid | Russia | ||
Irridinitus[57] | Fedonkin | 1983 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Ukraine | ||
Ivesheadia[36] | Boynton et Ford | 1995 | rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure | UK | ||
Ivovicia[12] | Ivantsov | 2007 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Jampolium[35] | Gureev | 1988 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Ukraine | ||
Kaisalia[7] | Fedonkin | 1984 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Russia | ||
Karakhtia[80] | Ivantsov | 2004 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Keretsa[81] | Ivantsov | 2017 | Russia | |||
Khatyspytia[37] | Fedonkin | 1985 | Russia | |||
Kimberella[10][39][82][83] | Glaessner & Wade | 1966 | Mollusca (?) | Australia | ||
Kimberichnus[84] | Ivantsov | 2013 | Trace fossil | grazing traces of Kimberella | Russia | |
Komarovia[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Not to be confused with Komarovia, extant genus of flowering plant. | Ukraine | ||
Kuibisia[27] | Hahn et Pflug | 1985 | Namibia | |||
Kuckaraukia[85] | Razumovskiy, Ivantsov, Novikov et Korochantsev | 2015 | Russia | |||
Lamonte [86] | Meyer, Xiao, Gill, Schiffbauer, Chen, Zhou et Yuan | 2014 | Trace fossil | China | ||
Lobodiscus[87] | Zhao et al. | 2024 | Trilobozoa | China | ||
Lomoziella[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Ukraine | |||
Lomosovis[57] | Fedonkin | 1983 | Ukraine | |||
Lorenzinites[10] | Glaessner et Wade | 1966 | junior synonym of Rugoconites | Australia | ||
Lossinia [12] | Ivantsov | 2007 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Madigania[88] | Sprigg | 1949 | not Madigania (Whitley, 1945), replaced by the Spriggia | Australia | ||
Mamsetia[89] | McIlroy et al. | 2024 | Cnidaria | Canada | ||
Margaritiflabellum | Ivantsov | 2014 | Russia | |||
Marywadea[90] | Glaessner | 1976 | Proarticulata | Australia | ||
Mawsonites[10] | Glaessner et Wade | 1966 | Australia | |||
Medusina[88] | Sprigg | 1949 | not Medusina (Walcott, 1898), replaced by the Medusinites | Australia | ||
Medusinites[10] | Glaessner et Wade | 1966 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Australia | ||
Medvezichnus[37] | Fedonkin | 1985 | Trace fossil | unique specimen of doubtful nature | Russia | |
Mezenia[91][92] | Sokolov | 1976 | Russia | |||
Mialsemia[37] | Fedonkin | 1985 | junior synonym of Bomakellia (or Rangea) | Russia | ||
Nadalina | Narbonne et Hofmann | 1987 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Canada | ||
Namacalathus[93] | Grotzinger, Watters, et Knoll | 2000 | Namibia | |||
Namalia | Germs | 1968 | Namibia | |||
Namamedusium | Zessin | 2008 | junior synonym of Beltanelliformis | Namibia | ||
Namapoikia | Wood, Grotzinger et Dickson | 2002 | Namibia | |||
Nasepia[74] | Germs | 1973 | Namibia | |||
Nemiana | Palij | 1976 | junior synonym of Beltanelliformis | Ukraine | ||
Nenoxites | Fedonkin | 1976 | Russia | |||
Nilpenia[94] | Droser et al. | 2014 | Australia | |||
Nimbia[19] | Fedonkin | 1980 | Russia | |||
Noffkarkys[95] | Retallack and Broz | 2020 | Australia | |||
Obamus | Dzaugis, Evans, Droser, Gehling et Hughes | 2018 | Australia | |||
Olgerdina[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Ukraine | |||
Onegia[91] | Sokolov | 1976 | Russia | |||
Orbisiana[91] | Sokolov | 1976 | palaeopascichnid | Russia | ||
Orthogonium[96][97][98] | Gürich | 1930 | Namibia | |||
Ovatoscutum[10] | Glaessner et Wade | 1966 | Proarticulata | Australia | ||
Palaeopascichnus[99] | Palij | 1976 | palaeopascichnid | Ukraine | ||
Palaeophragmodictya[100] | Gehling et Rigby | 1996 | Australia | |||
Palaeospinther[101] | Menasova | 2003 | Ukraine | |||
Palaeoplatoda[102] | Fedonkin | 1979 | Russia | |||
Paliella[19] | Fedonkin | 1980 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Russia | ||
Pambikalbae | Jenkins et Nedin | 2007 | Australia | |||
Papillionata[32] | Sprigg | 1947 | Proarticulata | junior synonym of Dickinsonia | Australia | |
Paracharnia | Sun | 1986 | China | |||
Paramedusium[96][97][98] | Gürich | 1933 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Namibia | ||
Paravendia[55] | Ivantsov | 2004 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Parvancorina[103] | Glaessner | 1958 | Australia | |||
Parviscopa | Hofmann, O'Brien et King | 2008 | Canada | |||
Pectinifrons[104] | Bamforth, Narbonne et Anderson | 2008 | Canada | |||
Persimedusites | Hahn et Pflug | 1980 | Iran | |||
Petalostoma | Pflug | 1973 | rejected as valid taxon | Namibia | ||
Phyllozoon | Jenkins et Gehlig | 1978 | Proarticulata | Australia | ||
Planomedusites[31] | Sokolov | 1972 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Ukraine | ||
Platypholinia[37] | Fedonkin | 1985 | Russia | |||
Plexus[105] | Joel, Droser & Gehling | 2014 | Bilateria | Although more studies are needed, it has been identified as bilaterian. | Australia | |
Podolimirus[57] | Fedonkin | 1983 | Proarticulata | Ukraine | ||
Podoliina | Gureev | 1988 | junior synonym of Nenoxites | Ukraine | ||
Pollukia | Gureev | 1987 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Ukraine | ||
Pomoria | Fedonkin | 1980 | junior synonym of Tribrachidium | Russia | ||
Praecambridium[10] | Glaessner et Wade | 1966 | Proarticulata | Australia | ||
Primocandelabrum | Hofmann, O'Brien et King | 2008 | Canada | |||
Propalaeolina | Menasova | 2006 | tubular fossil | Ukraine | ||
Protechiurus[106] | Glaessner | 1979 | Namibia | |||
Protodipleurosoma[88] | Sprigg | 1949 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Australia | ||
Protoniobea[88] | Sprigg | 1949 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Australia | ||
Pseudohiemaloraichnus | Grytsenko | 2009 | junior synonym of Nenoxites | Ukraine | ||
Pseudorhizostomites[88] | Sprigg | 1949 | problematic biogenic structure | Australia | ||
Pseudorhopilema[88] | Sprigg | 1949 | junior synonym of Pseudorhizostomites | Australia | ||
Pseudovendia[107] | Boynton et Ford | 1979 | rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structures | UK | ||
Pteridinium[96] | Gürich | 1933 | Namibia | |||
Quaestio[108] | Evans et al. | 2024 | Australia | |||
Ramellina[19] | Fedonkin | 1980 | Russia | |||
Rangea[96][97][98] | Gürich | 1929 | Namibia | |||
Redkinia | Sokolov | 1977 | Russia | |||
Rugoconites[10] | Glaessner et Wade | 1966 | Australia | |||
Saarina | Sokolov | 1965 | tubular fossil | Russia | ||
Seirisphaera | Chen, Xiao et Yuan | 1996 | palaeopascichnid | Junior synonym of Orbisiana | China | |
Sekwia | Hofmann | 1981 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Canada | ||
Sekwitubulus[8] | Calla A. Carbone et al. | 2015 | tubular fossil | Canada | ||
Serebrina | Istchenko | 1983 | Ukraine | |||
Shaanxilithes | Xing, Yue et Zhang | 1984 | junior synonym of Nenoxites | China | ||
Shepshedia[36] | Boynton et Ford | 1995 | rejected as valid taxon, "ivesheadiomorph"-type fossil structure | UK | ||
Sinotubulites | Chen, Chen et Qian | 1981 | tubular fossil | China | ||
Skinnera | Wade | 1969 | Trilobozoa | Australia | ||
Skolithos declinatus[37] | Fedonkin | 1985 | Trace fossil | Russia | ||
Solza[80] | Ivantsov | 2004 | Russia | |||
Somatohelix[109] | Sappenfield, Droser et Gehling | 2011 | tubular fossil | Australia | ||
Spriggia[110] | Southcott | 1958 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Australia | ||
Spriggina[103] | Glaessner | 1958 | Proarticulata | Australia | ||
Staurinidia[37] | Fedonkin | 1985 | Russia | |||
Stellaria[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Not to be confused with Stellaria, extant genus of flowering plant. | Ukraine | ||
Streptichnus[111] | Jensen et Runnegar | 2005 | Vendotaenid[112] or Trace fossil | Namibia | ||
Studenicia[113] | Gureev | 1983 | putative Monocraterion trace fossil | Ukraine | ||
Suzmites | Fedonkin | 1981 | junior synonym of Onegia[citation needed] | Russia | ||
Swartpuntia[114] | Narbonne, Saylor et Grotzinger | 1997 | Namibia | |||
Tamga [12] | Ivantsov | 2007 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Tateana[88] | Sprigg | 1949 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Australia | ||
Temnoxa molluscula[80] | Ivantsov | 2004 | Russia | |||
Thectardis[115] | Clapham, Narbonne, Gehling, Greentree et Anderson | 2004 | Sponge (?) | Canada | ||
Tirasiana[3] | Palij | 1976 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Ukraine | ||
Trepassia[28] | Narbonne, Laflamme, Greentree et Trusler | 2009 | Canada | |||
Tribrachidium[116] | Glaessner | 1959 | Trilobozoa | Australia | ||
Triforillonia[117] | Gehling, Narbonne et Anderson | 2000 | Deformed aspidella | Canada | ||
Uncus[118] | Hughes, Evans, Droser | 2024 | Ecdysozoa | Possible stem nematoid | Australia | |
Vaizitsinia | Sokolov et Fedonkin | 1981 | junior synonym of Rangea | Russia | ||
Valdainia[57] | Fedonkin | 1983 | Proarticulata | Ukraine | ||
Vaveliksia[57] | Fedonkin | 1983 | Sponge (?) | Ukraine | ||
Velancorina[61] | Pflug | 1966 | Namibia | |||
Vendella[119] | Gureev | 1987 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters | Ukraine | ||
Vendia | Keller | 1969 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Vendichnus | Fedonkin | 1979 | possible pseudofossil | Russia | ||
Vendoconularia[120] | Ivantsov et Fedonkin | 2002 | Conulata | Russia | ||
Vendoglossa | Seilacher | 2007 | junior synonym of Protechiurus[121] | Namibia | ||
Vendomia[2] | Keller | 1976 | Proarticulata | junior synonym of Dickinsonia | Russia | |
Vendomyces[122] | M. B. Burzin | 1993 | Chytridiomycetes | Russia | ||
Vendotaenia | Gnilovskaya | 1971 | Vendotaenid | tubular fossil | Russia | |
Ventogyrus | Ivantsov et Grazhdankin | 1997 | Russia | |||
Veprina[19] | Fedonkin | 1980 | Russia | |||
Vernanimalcula | Chen J. Y | 2004 | China | |||
Vimenites | Fedonkin | 1980 | Russia | |||
Vinlandia[123] | Brasier, Antcliffe et Liu | 2012 | Canada | |||
Virgatia[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Ukraine | |||
Vladimissa[37] | Fedonkin | 1985 | Russia | |||
Wigwamiella | Runnegar | 1991 | discoid fossil with no clear diagnostic characters. Regarded as a taphomorph of Aspidella or junior synonym for Pseudorhizostomites[124] | Australia | ||
Windermeria[125] | Narbonne | 1994 | Canada | |||
Wutubus[126] | Chen, Zhou, Xiao, Wang, Guan, Hong et Yuan | 2014 | tubular fossil | China | ||
Yangtziramulus[127] | Shen, Xiao, Zhou et Yuan | 2009 | China | |||
Yarnemia[128] | Nesov in Chistyakov et al. | 1984 | Russia | |||
Yelovichnus[37] | Fedonkin | 1985 | palaeopascichnid | junior synonym of Palaeopascichnus | Russia | |
Yorgia[129] | Ivantsov | 1999 | Proarticulata | Russia | ||
Yilingia[130] | Xiao et al. | 2020 | Bilateria | China | ||
Yuria[4] | Grytsenko | 2016 | Ukraine | |||
Zolotytsia[3] | Fedonkin | 1981 | Russia |
Notes
[edit]- Mark McMenamin described various taxa from the Clemente Formation in Mexico which are not supported by other researchers and not included in this list.
References
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- ^ a b c Keller, B. M.; Fedonkin, M. A. (1976). "New Records of Fossils in the Valdaian Group of the Precambrian on the Syuz'ma River" (PDF). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSR. Seriya Geologicheskaya (in Russian). 3: 38–44. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27.
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- ^ Fedonkin, M. A. (2002). "Andiva ivantsovi gen. et sp. n. and related carapace-bearing Ediacaran fossils from the Vendian of the Winter Coast, White Sea, Russia". Italian Journal of Zoology. 69 (2): 175–181. doi:10.1080/11250000209356456. S2CID 85352552.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i Glaessner, M.F.; Wade, M. (1966). "The late Precambrian fossils from Ediacara, South Australia" (PDF). Palaeontology. 9 (4): 599–628. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-22.
- ^ Dunn, Frances S.; Liu, Alexander G.; Gehling, James G. (2019-05-17). "Anatomical and ontogenetic reassessment of the Ediacaran frond Arborea arborea and its placement within total group Eumetazoa". Palaeontology. 62 (5): 851–865. Bibcode:2019Palgy..62..851D. doi:10.1111/pala.12431. hdl:1983/5677888d-1cd1-4e92-8aa8-57940f30626a. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ^ a b c d Ivantsov, A. Yu. (2007). "Small Vendian transversely Articulated fossils". Paleontological Journal. 41 (2): 113–122. doi:10.1134/S0031030107020013. S2CID 86636748.
- ^ Glaessner, M. F. (1963). "Zur Kenntnis der Nama-Fossilien Südwest-Afrikas" (PDF). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. Bd. 66 (1962): 113–120.
- ^ a b Paliy, V. M., Posti, E. & Fedonkin, M. A. (1979). "Мягкотелые метазоа и ископаемые следы животных венда и раннего кембрия: In Палеонтология верхнедокембрийских и кембрийских отложений Восточно-Европейской платформы" [Soft-bodied Metazoa and trace fossils of Vendian and Lower Cambrian: In Upper Precambrian and Cambrian Paleontology of East-European Platform] (PDF). БЕЛОМОРСКАЯ БИОТА ВЕЙДА [White Sea Biota Veida] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka: 49–82.
{{cite journal}}
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