Jump to content

List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country. For explanation, see the article about the Gregorian calendar.

Except where stated otherwise, the transition was a move by the civil authorities from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. In religious sources it could be that the Julian calendar was used for a longer period of time, in particular by Protestant and Eastern Orthodox churches. The historic area does not necessarily match the present-day area or country. The column "Present country" only provides a logic search entry. With a few exceptions, the former colonies of European powers are not shown separately.

There are only four countries which have not adopted the Gregorian calendar for civil use: Ethiopia (Ethiopian calendar), Nepal (Vikram Samvat and Nepal Sambat), Iran (Solar Hijri calendar)[1] and Afghanistan (Lunar Hijri Calendar).[2] Thailand has adopted the Gregorian calendar for days and months, but uses its own era for years: the Buddhist era. Many countries also continue to use traditional calendars for religious and ceremonial purposes.

List

[edit]

Legend

  Abandoning the Gregorian calendar
Flag Present country Historic area Year Date of the
last day
before the
change 		Date of the
first day
after the
change 		Days
omitted 		Particulars Source
Albania Albania 1912 14 Nov 28 Nov 13 Albanian Catholics have used the Gregorian calendar since 5 Oct 1583. [3][4]
Armenia Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic 1918 17 Apr 1 May 13 [5]
Austria Carinthia 1583 14 Dec 25 Dec 10 [6]
Austria Lower Austria 1583 20 Oct 31 Oct 10 [6]
Austria Salzburg 1583 10 Feb 21 Feb 10 [6]
Austria Styria 1583 11 Dec 22 Dec 10 [6]
Austria Tyrol, Further Austria 1583 4 Oct 15 Oct 10 [6]
Austria Upper Austria 1583 20 Oct 31 Oct 10 [6]
Azerbaijan Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic 1918 17 Apr 1 May 13 [5]
Belarus Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1585 21 Dec 1 Jan
(1586) 		10 [7]
Belarus Lithuania Governorate 1800 11 Jan 1 Jan -11 Return to the Julian calendar
Belarus Grodno Governorate 1915 22 Aug 5 Sept 13
Belarus Soviet Russia 1918 31 Jan 14 Feb 13
Belgium Flanders 1582 14 Dec 25 Dec 10 Edict of Francis, Duke of Anjou followed [8]
Belgium Liège 1583 10 Feb 21 Feb 10 Edict of Philip II of Spain followed [8][9][10]
Belgium Southern Netherlands 1582 20 Dec 31 Dec 10 or one day later; areas under Spanish rule: Artois, occupied Brabant, occupied Flanders, Hainaut, Limburg, Luxemburg, Namur [9][11][12]
Bulgaria Bulgaria 1916 31 Mar 14 Apr 13
Cambodia French colonial empire 1863 N/A Previously used the Burmese calendar.
Canada French colonial empire 1582 9 Dec 20 Dec 10
Canada Nova Scotia 1710 13 Oct 3 Oct -11 Return to the Julian calendar
Canada British Empire 1752 2 Sep 14 Sep 11
China China 1911 12 "11th Month" 1 Jan
(1912) 		N/A Previously used the Chinese calendar. Because of a civil war, the official transition did not end until 1929, [citation needed] with Minguo year numbering remaining in use until 1949.[13]
Czech Republic Bohemia 1584 6 Jan 17 Jan 10
Czech Republic Moravia 1584 15 Oct 26 Oct 10 Estates initially refused the change ordered early October. [6]
Czech Republic Silesia 1584 6 Jan 17 Jan 10 Excluding the Duchy of Krnov [6]
Czech Republic Duchy of Krnov 1584 6 Mar 17 Mar 10 [6]
Denmark Denmark-Norway 1700 18 Feb 1 Mar 11
Egypt Egypt 1875 6 Epag. 11 Sept N/A Previously used the Alexandrian calendar for fiscal purposes [14]
Estonia Estonia 1918 15 Feb 1 Mar 13
Faroe Islands Norway 1700 16 Nov 28 Nov 11
France France 1582 9 Dec 20 Dec 10 Excluding Alsace and Lorraine [11][12][15]
France France 1793 23 Sep 3 Vend. (II) N/A Introduction of the French Republican calendar
France France 1805 10 Niv.
(XIV) 		1 Jan
1806 		N/A The French Republican calendar ended.
France Sedan 1582 9 Dec 20 Dec 10 [15]
France Austrian Upper Alsace and Breisgau 1583 13 Oct 24 Oct 10 [16]
France Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg 1583 16 Nov 27 Nov 10
France Alsace, Protestant parts (except Mulhouse, see below), i.e. Strasbourg, and, on same date or shortly after, Protestant parishes over Alsace 1682 5 Feb 16 Feb 10
France Lorraine 1582 9 Dec 20 Dec 10
France Lorraine 1735 -11 Return to the Julian calendar
France Lorraine 1760 16 Feb 28 Feb 11
France Mulhouse 1700 31 Dec 12 Jan
(1701) 		11 [12][15]
Germany Aachen 1582 31 Dec 11 Jan (1583) 10
Germany Augsburg 1583 13 Feb 24 Feb 10
Germany Margraviate of Baden-Baden 1583 16 Nov 27 Nov 10
Germany Duchy of Bavaria, Prince-Bishopric of Regensburg, Prince-Bishopric of Freising, Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt 1583 5 Oct 16 Oct 10 [6]
Germany Biberach 1603 12 Feb 23 Feb 10 Protestants did not largely accept the new calendar until 30 Nov 1604. [6]
Germany Electorate of Cologne, Imperial City of Cologne 1583 2 Nov 13 Nov 10 [6][17][18]
Germany Prince-Bishopric of Constance 1584 8 Feb 19 Feb 10 [6]
Germany Prince-Provostry of Ellwangen 1583 14 Feb 25 Feb 10 [6]
Germany Further Austria 1583 4 Oct 15 Oct 10 Including Breisgau, Swabian Austria, Ortenau [6]
Germany Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim 1631 15 Mar 26 Mar 10 Excluding the city of Hildesheim itself [6]
Germany Hildesheim 1632 14 Dec 25 Dec 10 [6]
Germany Duchy of Jülich, Duchy of Berg 1583 2 Nov 13 Nov 10 [6]
Germany Kaufbeuren 1583 13 Feb 24 Feb 10 [6]
Germany Lusatia 1584 6 Jan 17 Jan 10 Some Upper Lusatian towns delayed adoption, latest was Königsbrück in May 1584. [6]
Germany Electorate of Mainz 1583 11 Nov 22 Nov 10 Local resistance in Erfurt until 1700 [6]
Germany Prince-Bishopric of Minden 1668 1 Feb 12 Feb 10
Germany Prince-Bishopric of Münster, Duchy of Cleves, County of Mark 1583 16 Nov 27 Nov 10 [6]
Germany Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück 1624 14 Nov 25 Nov 10 [6]
Germany Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn 1585 16 Jun 27 Jun 10
Germany Electoral Palatinate 1686 11 Feb 22 Feb 10 [6]
Germany Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg 1615 13 Dec 24 Dec 10 [6]
Germany Prince-Bishopric of Passau 1582 4 Oct 15 Oct 10 [6]
Germany Ravensburg 1584 8 Feb 19 Feb 10 [6]
Germany Electorate of Trier 1583 4 Oct 15 Oct 10
Germany Duchy of Westphalia 1584 1 Jul 12 Jul 10
Germany Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg 1583 4 Nov 15 Nov 10
Germany Germany, Protestant parts 1700 18 Feb 1 Mar 11
Georgia Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic 1918 17 Apr 1 May 13 [5]
Greece Greece 1923 15 Feb 1 Mar 13 Excluding Mount Athos [12][19]
Hungary Hungary 1587 21 Oct 1 Nov 10
Iceland Norway 1700 16 Nov 28 Nov 11
Ireland O'Neill and O'Donnell Gaelic Lordships in Ulster 1584 10 Papal dispensation to return to Julian calendar applied for in 1630, in operation by 1641 [20]
Ireland Kingdom of Ireland 1752 2 Sept 14 Sept 11 The British Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 also applied to Ireland (as stated in its preamble). For details, see Calendar Act: Ireland.
Italy various 1582 4 Oct 15 Oct 10 [11][12]
Italy County of Tyrol, Prince-Bishopric of Brixen 1583 4 Oct 15 Oct 10 Brixen possibly one day later [6]
Japan Japan 1872 2 "12th month" 1 Jan
(1873) 		N/A Previously used the Japanese calendar. Japanese era names still remain in use.
Laos French colonial empire 1889 N/A Previously used the Burmese calendar.
Latvia Courland 1617 10 [12][21][22]
Latvia Courland 1796 7 Feb 28 Jan -11 Return to the Julian calendar [12][21]
Latvia Courland 1915 11 May 25 May 13
Latvia Livland 1915 22 Aug 5 Sept 13
Lithuania Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1585 21 Dec 1 Jan
(1586) 		10 [23]
Lithuania Lithuania Governorate 1800 11 Jan 1 Jan -11 Return to the Julian calendar
Lithuania Kovno and Vilna Governorates 1915 11 May 25 May 13 [24]
Lithuania Duchy of Prussia 1610 22 Aug 2 Sept 10 North eastern Ducal Prussia is now part of Lithuania. [12][21]
Luxembourg Duchy of Luxemburg 1582 20 Dec 31 Dec 10
Montenegro Yugoslavia 1919 14 Jan 28 Jan 13 [25]
Myanmar Burma (British Empire) 1885 N/A Previously used the Burmese calendar.
Netherlands Brabant 1582 14 Dec 25 Dec 10 Edict of Francis, Duke of Anjou followed [8][11][26]
Netherlands Drenthe 1701 30 Apr 12 May 11 [11][26]
Netherlands Frisia 1700 31 Dec 12 Jan
(1701) 		11 [11][26]
Netherlands Gelderland 1700 30 Jun 12 Jul 11 [11][26]
Netherlands Groningen (city) 1583 1 Mar 12 Mar 10 Edict of Philip II of Spain was: 10 followed by 21 February (proclaimed later) [8][11][27][28]
Netherlands Groningen (city) 1594 19 Nov 10 Nov -10 Return to the Julian calendar [8][27][28]
Netherlands Groningen (province) 1700 31 Dec 12 Jan
(1701) 		11 Stad and Ommelanden [11][26][27]
Netherlands Holland 1583 1 Jan 12 Jan 10 Edict of Francis, Duke of Anjou followed later on [8][11][26]
Netherlands Overijssel 1700 30 Nov 12 Dec 11 [11][26]
Netherlands States General 1582 14 Dec 25 Dec 10 Edict of Francis, Duke of Anjou followed [8][11][26]
Netherlands Utrecht 1700 30 Nov 12 Dec 11 [11][26]
Netherlands Zeeland 1582 14 Dec 25 Dec 10 Edict of Francis, Duke of Anjou followed [8][11][26]
North Korea Joseon 1895 16 "11th month" 1 Jan
(1896) 		N/A Previously used the Korean calendar. In addition to the Gregorian calendar, the Juche calendar is in use.
North Macedonia Yugoslavia 1919 14 Jan 28 Jan 13 [25]
Norway Denmark-Norway 1700 18 Feb 1 Mar 11
Poland Poland 1582 4 Oct 15 Oct 10 Local resistance [21]
Poland Duchy of Prussia 1610 22 Aug 2 Sept 10 Southern Ducal Prussia is now part of Poland [12][21]
Poland Silesia 1584 6 Jan 17 Jan 10 Excluding Wrocław, Wąsosz, Wołów, Bolesławiec, Świdnica [6]
Poland Wrocław, Wąsosz, Wołów, Bolesławiec 1584 18 Jan 29 Jan 10 [6]
Poland Świdnica 1584 11 Jan 22 Jan 10 [6]
Poland Margraviate of Brandenburg 1700 18 Feb 1 Mar 11 Along with the other Prostestant Imperial Estates [6]
Portugal Portuguese Empire 1582 4 Oct 15 Oct 10 [11][12]
Romania Transylvania 1590 14 Dec 25 Dec 10
Romania Romania 1919 31 Mar 14 Apr 13 [29]
Russia Duchy of Prussia 1610 22 Aug 2 Sept 10 Northern Ducal Prussia is now part of Russia. [12][21]
Russia Russia 1918 31 Jan 14 Feb 13 [30]
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 2016 28 DaH (1437) 1 Oct N/A Previously used the Islamic calendar. [31][32]
Serbia Yugoslavia 1919 14 Jan 28 Jan 13 [25]
Slovenia Duchy of Carniola 1583 4 Oct 15 Oct 10 [6]
Slovenia Duchy of Styria 1583 11 Dec 22 Dec 10 [6]
Spain Spanish Empire 1582 4 Oct 15 Oct 10 [11][12]
South Korea Joseon 1895 16 "11th month" 1 Jan
(1896) 		N/A Previously used the Korean calendar.
Sweden Swedish Empire 1700 28 Feb 1 Mar 1 Including Finland; introduction of the Swedish calendar [15]
Sweden Swedish Empire 1712 30 Feb
(sic) 		1 Mar -1 Including Finland; return to the Julian calendar [15]
Sweden Sweden 1753 17 Feb 1 Mar 11 Including Finland [15]
Switzerland Roman Catholic Diocese of Basel 1583 20 Oct 31 Oct 10
Switzerland Luzern, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn, Le Landeron 1584 11 Jan 22 Jan 10
Switzerland Obwalden, Nidwalden 1584 11 Feb 22 Feb 10
Switzerland Thurgau, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden 1584 10
Switzerland Appenzell Ausserrhoden 1597 -10 Return to the Julian calendar
Switzerland Lower Valais 1623 10
Switzerland Graubünden (Catholic parts) 1623–1624 10
Switzerland Valais 1655 28 Feb 11 Mar 10
Switzerland Switzerland, Protestant parts 1700 31 Dec 12 Jan
(1701) 		11 Basel, Bern, Neuchâtel, Sargans, Schaffhausen, Geneva and Zürich [12][15]
Switzerland Glarus (Catholic part) 1700 31 Dec 12 Jan
(1701) 		11
Switzerland City of St. Gallen 1724 11
Switzerland Glarus (Protestant part) 1798 22 Jun 4 Jul 11
Switzerland Appenzell Ausserrhoden 1798 13 Dec 25 Dec 11
Switzerland Graubünden (Protestant part) 1783–1811 11–12 Communes changed at different times. Oberengadin and Bergel changed in 1783. In Schiers and Grüsch, 25 Dec 1811 was followed by 7 Jan 1812.
Thailand Siam 1889 1 Apr N/A Previously used the Thai lunar calendar. The year numbering followed the Rattanakosin Era until 1912, when it was replaced by the Buddhist era; see Thai solar calendar.
Turkey Ottoman Empire 1917 15 Feb 1 Mar 13 The year numbering followed the Rumi calendar until 1 Jan 1926, when the Anno Domini era was adopted.
Uganda British Empire 1893 31 Dec 13 Jan (1894) 12
Ukraine Ukrainian People's Republic 1918 15 Feb 1 Mar 13 [33]
United Kingdom Kingdom of Great Britain and
Kingdom of Ireland 		1752 2 Sept 14 Sept 11 The Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 was passed to ensure alignment with the rest of Europe, but made no reference to Gregory. [11][12]
United States of America French colonial empire and
Spanish Empire 		1582 9 Dec 20 Dec 10
United States of America British Empire 1752 2 Sept 14 Sept 11 Some States adopted as their Common Law the laws of England in 1607, prior to the New Style Calendar Act.[citation needed]
United States of America Russian Empire 1867 6 Oct 18 Oct 11 Alaska adopted the Gregorian calendar on incorporation into the United States, which preceded adoption by Russia. The International Date Line was changed, so only 11 days were omitted (a Friday was followed by another Friday). [34]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Heydari-Malayeri, M. "A concise review of the Iranian calendar". aramis.obspm.fr. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  2. ^ "Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar". Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  3. ^ Social Security Administration (26 August 2005). "Program Operations Manual System (POMS): GN00307.180 Gregorian Julian Calendar". Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  4. ^ Qendra Mbarëkombëtare e Koleksionistëve Shqiptarë (5 October 2019). "5th October 1583, Gregorian calendar began to be used in Albania". Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  5. ^ a b c Законъ о введенiи въ ЗакавказьѢ новаго стиля.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Steinmetz, Dirk (2011). Die Gregorianische Kalenderreform von 1582. Oftersheim. pp. 466–470. ISBN 978-3-943051-00-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Arthur Giry, „Zur gregorianische Kalendarreform in Polen“, in: Mittheilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, vol. VI, 1885, pp. 626 seqq.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h (in Dutch) Archief voor vaderlandsche, en inzonderheid vriesche geschiedenis, part 2, p.19-26
  9. ^ a b (in Dutch) De Chronologie van de Middeleeuwen en de Moderne tijden in de Nederlanden, door E. I. STRUBBE en L. VOET, 1960 (PDF), p. 497 Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ (in Dutch) Geschiedkundige Kring kanunnik Daris Borgloon, Kroniek van Borgloon
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q (in Dutch) Hoe schrijf ik de geschiedenis van mijn gemeente? (PDF), p. 94
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Weis, Norbert (2006). "Über die Abbildung der Zeit durch Kalender". Verwaltung und Management (in German). 12 (1). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH: 4–6.
  13. ^ original text here claimed that Taiwan still uses Minguo, but that is contradicted by the use of Common year numbering on gov.tw .
  14. ^ United States Congressional Serial Set, Volume 1673
  15. ^ a b c d e f g The Reform of the Julian Calendar, p.24-25
  16. ^ Nørby, Toke (29 February 2000). "The Perpetual Calendar". Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  17. ^ Aitzing, Michael von (1584). Historische Beschreibung Deß, so sich nach negst gehaltenem Kayserlichen Reichstag zu Augspurg (vber alles das, welches zuuor in Relatione Historica des Achischen vnnd Cöllnischen handels wegen erzelt) volgendts noch weytter im Heyligen Reich Teutscher Nation verlauffen vnnd zugetragen hat. Köln: von Kempen. p. 103. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  18. ^ Ennen, L. (1878). "Der neue Kalender und der Jahresanfang, insbesondere im deutschen Reiche". Monatsschrift für die Geschichte Westdeutschlands. 4 (1878): 470. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  19. ^ On 10/23 March 1924 the Greek Orthodox Church adopted the Revised Julian calendar. While the date is the same as the Gregorian until 2800, the rule for centennial years is that only those giving remainder 200 or 600 on division by 900 are leap years.
  20. ^ Morgan, Hiram (2006). "'The Pope's new invention': the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in Ireland, 1583-1782" (PDF). CELT, the Corpus of Electronic Texts. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  21. ^ a b c d e f Ginzel, Friedrich Karl (1914). Handbuch der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie; das Zeitrechnungswesen der Völker (in German). Vol. 3. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs. pp. 266, 271, 295.
  22. ^ Dr Hermann Grotefend (1922). Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Hanover. p. 27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ^ Arthur Giry, „Zur gregorianische Kalendarreform in Polen“, in: Mittheilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, vol. VI, 1885, pp. 626 seqq.
  24. ^ cf. 5th ordinance of 21 May 1915, in: Verordnungsblatt der Deutschen Verwaltung für Litauen, Tilsit: Lithuania, 1915.
  25. ^ a b c Zakon o izjednačenju starog i novog kalendara.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j (in Dutch) hoofdstuk 4. het archiveringssysteem van de staten-generaal (PDF), p. 280
  27. ^ a b c (in Dutch) Universiteit van het Noorden: vier eeuwen academisch leven in Groningen, part 1, p. 56
  28. ^ a b (in Dutch) note 3: Dr. J. Smit, article "De invoering van de Gregoriaansche tijdrekening in de Noordelijke Nederlanden" in "Bijdragen voor Vaderlandsche Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde", VI series, part VIII, 1929
  29. ^ Monitorul Oficial al României, nr. 274, 6 martie 1919, pp. 6114—6115.
  30. ^ Grigorenko, Anatoly Markovich. "История календаря в России и в СССР" [The history of the calendar in Russia and the USSR] (in Russian).
  31. ^ Rasooldeen, Mohammed; Hassan, Rashid (3 October 2016). "KSA switches to Gregorian calendar".
  32. ^ "Saudi Arabia adopts the Gregorian calendar". The Economist. 15 December 2016.
  33. ^ Україна від найдавніших часів до сьогодення: Хронологічний довідник. — К., 1995. — С. 261.
  34. ^ Dershowitz, Nachum; Reingold, Edward M. (2008). Calendrical Calculations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 9780521885409.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_adoption_dates_of_the_Gregorian_calendar_by_country&oldid=1251989528"