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Universal Monsters

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Universal Classic Monsters
Official franchise logo
Original workDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1913)
OwnerUniversal Pictures
Years1913–present[1][2]
Print publications
Novel(s)See details
ComicsSee details
Films and television
Film(s)See details
Short film(s)See details
Television seriesSee details
Miscellaneous
Theme park attraction(s)See details

The Universal Monsters (also known as Universal Classic Monsters and Universal Studios Monsters) media franchise includes characters based on a series of horror films produced by Universal Pictures and released between 1913–1956.

While the early installments were initially created as stand-alone films based on published novels, their financial and critical success resulted in various cross-over releases. Following the positive response to various viewings of these movies via television redistribution which began airing in the 1950s, the studio began developing the characters for other media. In the 1990s, it became priority for Universal to promote their catalogue with official packaging that presented the movies with the official franchise title. Through a number of VHS editions, their popularity continued into contemporary entertainment. This included additional development through modern-filmmaking adaptations such as Stephen Sommers' The Mummy (1999) and Van Helsing (2004).

Modern analyses describes the titular characters as "pop culture icons".[3]

History

Universal's early horror films were adaptations of work from familiar authors and texts to give their films a prestige appeal. These included Dracula (1931), whose success led to the production of other works such as Frankenstein (1931).[4][5] Frankenstein's ending was changed by studio head Carl Laemmle Jr., who wanted Universal to be able deploy key characters from the film into subsequent Universal productions.[5] Following the release of other Universal films such as The Mummy (1932) and Bride of Frankenstein (1935), there was a dry spell of horror films.[6][7][8][9] Universal only returned to the style following a successful theatrical re-release of Dracula and Frankenstein. The renewed interest in horror films led to new works, starting with Son of Frankenstein (1939).[6][7][8]

Universal would only introduce a few new monsters in the 1940s, with the most famous being Lon Chaney Jr. as The Wolf Man.[10] The decade had Universal's horror output include many remakes and sequels, with films often directly reusing old sets, footage, and narratives to replicate moments in their earlier horror productions.[11]

Universal's first transmedia properties appeared in the 1940s and the 1950s with the films Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943), House of Frankenstein (1944) and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).[12] In these films, the monsters from the studio's earlier films "team up" against various characters. Author Megan De Bruin-Molé suggested that the Universal Classic Monsters films exist as a loose mash-up, which allowed for Dracula to exist and be watched separately from Frankenstein but allowed their characters to be systemically and consistently brought together and developed in other films and media.[13] These productions made were often crossovers and sequels, such as Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943), House of Frankenstein and several occurrences in comedy films of Abbott and Costello meeting the monster. This meetings started with Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein and ended with Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy (1955).[13][14] De Bruin-Molé wrote that this approach from Universal was for commercial marketing terms, as it would establish the company as the "real" home of horror. Their films contained a world where potentially all monsters may dwell.[15] The sole new monster movies Universal produced in the 1950s were the Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954) and The Mummy (1959). The latter was co-produced with the British Hammer Film Productions.[16]

Towards the 1960s, the Universal monsters grew beyond film and became more consistently transmedial. Initially, this began in 1957 when Universal struck a ten-year television deal with Screen Gems to distribute 52 of their own titles.[16] These television screenings and the films being included on Mel Jass' Mel's Matinee Movie (1958-1979) would also prove to be popular. Stephen Sommers, director of The Mummy (1999), stated that his introduction to the series was on Jass's program.[17] Universal became part of the Music Corporation of America (MCA) in 1962. By 1964, Universal Studios tours would eventually include appearances from Frankenstein's monster.[18] Several products based on the characters from Universal's film series were released, ranging from plastic model kits, Halloween masks, figures, plush dolls, toys, drinking glasses, coloring books and postage stamps. While some of these objects bare similarity to the actors who portray them, others are more generic interpretations.[19] Other mediums featured the Universal monsters in tandem, such as Bobby "Boris" Pickett's 1962 popular song "Monster Mash" and the television series The Munsters (1964) which was based on the likeness of the Universal characters.[18]

In 1990, Universal was part of a merger between Matsushita, now known as Panasonic, and several other corporations. Between 1991 and 1995, Universal released VHS home video editions from their catalogue of horror films. This was the first time these films were packed together as the "Classic Monster" line, accompanied with a newly designed logo.[18] Prior to this home video series, the Universal films that featured multiple monsters were called "Super-Shocker[s]" or "monster rallies".[20] Louis Feol, the head of Worldwide Home Video for Universal Studios, said that the most important thing was the packaging of their sales. He added that it was "probably our single biggest priority and has been for a number of years", and that it was key to make the series of films "look like a line".[21][22] In a 1999 interview, Feol stated that creating the series was to "reinvigorate and re-market" the Universal catalog, specifically with their series of Dracula, Frankenstein, The Invisible Man, The Phantom of the Opera, The Wolf Man, and The Mummy.[22]

The 1990s also saw a trend in the merchandising of Universal Monsters material as part of a trend for the decade of recycling and reinventing old material from the past.[18] This led to the release of Stephen Sommer's The Mummy (1999) and a "monster rally"-styled film with Van Helsing (2004).[23] Merchandizing of the characters in formats such as clothing and board games has continued into the 21st century.[24][25] The franchise will be featured in the Dark Universe portion of Universal's upcoming Orlando theme park, Universal Epic Universe.[26]

Films

Classic era (1913–1956)

Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Story by Producer(s)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde March 6, 1913 (1913-03-06) Herbert Brenon Carl Laemmle
The Hunchback of Notre Dame September 2, 1923 (1923-09-02) Wallace Worsley Edward T. Lowe, Jr. & Perley Poore Sheehan
The Phantom of the Opera November 25, 1925 (1925-11-25) Rupert Julian and Lon Chaney and Edward Sedgwick and Ernst Laemmle & Frank McCormick Walter Anthony, Elliott J. Clawson, Bernard McConville, Frank M. McCormack, Tom Reed, Raymond L. Schrock, Jasper Spearing & Richard Wallace
Dracula February 14, 1931 (1931-02-14) Tod Browning Garrett Fort Tod Browning and Carl Laemmle, Jr.
Drácula April 24, 1931 (1931-04-24) George Melford Baltasar Fernández Cué and Garret Fort Garret Fort Carl Laemmle Jr. and Paul Kohner
Frankenstein November 21, 1931 (1931-11-21) James Whale Francis Edward Faragoh & Garrett Fort John L. Balderston Carl Laemmle Jr.
The Mummy October 20, 1932 (1932-10-20) Karl Freund John L. Balderston Nina Wilcox Putnam & Richard Schayer
The Invisible Man November 13, 1933 (1933-11-13) James Whale R. C. Sherriff
Bride of Frankenstein April 20, 1935 (1935-04-20) James Whale William Hurlbut William Hurlbut & John L. Balderston
Werewolf of London May 13, 1935 (1935-05-13) Stuart Walker John Colton, Robert Harris, Harvey Gates, Edmund Pearson, James Mulhauser & Aben Kandel Robert Harris Stanley Bergerman
Dracula's Daughter May 11, 1936 (1936-05-11) Lambert Hillyer Garrett Fort Oliver Jeffries E. M. Asher
Son of Frankenstein January 13, 1939 (1939-01-13) Rowland V. Lee Wyllis Cooper Rowland V. Lee
The Invisible Man Returns January 12, 1940 (1940-01-12) Joe May Kurt Siodmak & Lester Cole Curt Siodmak & Joe May Ken Goldsmith
The Mummy's Hand November 20, 1940 (1940-11-20) Christy Cabanne Griffin Jay and Maxwell Shane Ben Pivar
The Invisible Woman December 12, 1940 (1940-12-12) A. Edward Sutherland Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo & Gertrude Purcell Curt Siodmak & Joe May Burt Kelly
The Wolf Man December 12, 1941 (1941-12-12) George Waggner Curt Siodmak George Waggner
The Ghost of Frankenstein March 13, 1942 (1942-03-13) Erle C. Kenton W. Scott Darling Eric Taylor
Invisible Agent April 17, 1942 (1942-04-17) Edwin L. Marin Curtis Siodmak Frank Lloyd
The Mummy's Tomb October 23, 1942 (1942-10-23) Harold Young Griffin Jay & Henry Sucher Neil P. Varnick Ben Pivar
Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man March 5, 1943 (1943-03-05) Roy William Neill Curt Siodmak George Waggner
Phantom of the Opera August 12, 1943 (1943-08-12) Arthur Lubin Samuel Hoffenstein & Eric Taylor John Jacoby
Son of Dracula November 5, 1943 (1943-11-05) Robert Siodmak Eric Taylor Curtis Siodmak Ford Beebe and Donald H. Brown
The Invisible Man's Revenge June 9, 1944 (1944-06-09) Ford Beebe Bertram Millhauser Ford Beebe
The Mummy's Ghost July 7, 1944 (1944-07-07) Reginald LeBorg Griffin Jay, Henry Sucher & Brenda Weisberg Griffin Jay & Henry Sucher Ben Pivar
House of Frankenstein February 16, 1945 (1945-02-16) Erle C. Kenton Edward T. Lowe Curt Siodmak Paul Malvern
The Mummy's Curse December 22, 1944 (1944-12-22) Leslie Goodwins Bernard Schubert Leon Abrams & Dwight V. Babcock Oliver Drake
House of Dracula June 29, 1945 (1945-06-29) Eric C. Kenton Edward T. Lowe Dwight V. Babcock & George Bricker Paul Malvern
She-Wolf of London March 29, 1946 (1946-03-29) Jean Yarbrough George Bricker Dwight V. Babcock Ben Pivar
Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein May 17, 1948 (1948-05-17) Charles T. Barton Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo & John Grant Robert Arthur
Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man March 19, 1951 (1951-03-19) Charles Lamont Robert Lees, Frederic I. Rinaldo & John Grant Hugh Wedlock Jr. & Howard Snyder Howard Christie
Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde August 12, 1953 (1953-08-12) Charles Lamont Lee Loeb & John Grant Sidney Fields & Grant Garrett
Creature from the Black Lagoon February 12, 1954 (1954-02-12) Jack Arnold Harry Essex & Arthur Ross Maurice Zimm William Alland
Revenge of the Creature March 11, 1955 (1955-03-11) Jack Arnold Martin Berkeley William Alland
Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy May 23, 1955 (1955-05-23) Charles Lamont John Grant Lee Loeb Howard Christie
The Creature Walks Among Us April 26, 1956 (1956-04-26) John Sherwood Arthur Ross William Alland

Remakes and spin-offs (1979-present)

Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Story by Producer(s) Ref(s)
Dracula July 13, 1979 (1979-07-13) John Badham W. D. Richter Marvin Mirisch and Walter Mirisch
The Mummy May 7, 1999 (1999-05-07) Stephen Sommers Stephen Sommers and
Lloyd Fonvielle & Kevin Jarre 		Sean Daniel and James Jacks [27]
The Mummy Returns May 4, 2001 (2001-05-04) Stephen Sommers
The Scorpion King April 19, 2002 (2002-04-19) Chuck Russell William Osborne & David Hayter
and Stephen Sommers 		Stephen Sommers & Jonathan Hales Sean Daniel, James Jacks, Kevin Misher and Stephen Sommers
Van Helsing April 7, 2004 (2004-04-07) Stephen Sommers Stephen Sommers and Bob Ducsay [28]
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor August 1, 2008 (2008-08-01) Rob Cohen Alfred Gough & Miles Millar Sean Daniel, James Jacks, Stephen Sommers and Bob Ducsay
The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior August 19, 2008 (2008-08-19) Russell Mulcahy Randall McCormick Sean Daniel and James Jacks
The Wolfman February 12, 2010 (2010-02-12) Joe Johnston Andrew Kevin Walker & David Self Sean Daniel, Scott Stuber, Benicio del Toro and Rick Yorn [29][30]
The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption January 10, 2012 (2012-01-10) Roel Reiné Brendan Cowles & Shane Kuhn Randall McCormick Leslie Belzberg
Dracula Untold October 10, 2014 (2014-10-10) Gary Shore Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless Michael De Luca [31]
The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06) Mike Elliott Michael D. Weiss Mike Elliott and Ogden Gavanski
The Mummy June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09) Alex Kurtzman David Koepp and
Christopher McQuarrie
and Dylan Kussman 		Jon Spaihts and
Alex Kurtzman & Jenny Lumet 		Alex Kurtzman, Chris Morgan, Sean Daniel and Sarah Bradshaw [32]
The Scorpion King: Book of Souls October 23, 2018 (2018-10-23) Don Michael Paul David Alton Hedges & Frank DeJohn Mike Elliott
The Invisible Man February 28, 2020 (2020-02-28) Leigh Whannell Jason Blum and Kylie du Fresne [33]
Renfield April 14, 2023 (2023-04-14) Chris McKay Ryan Ridley Robert Kirkman Chris McKay, Samantha Nisenboim, Bryan Furst, Sean Furst, Robert Kirkman and David Alpert [34]
The Last Voyage of the Demeter August 11, 2023 (2023-08-11) André Øvredal Bragi Schut Jr. & Zak Olkewicz Bragi Schut Jr. Bradley J. Fischer, Mike Medavoy and Arnold W. Messer [35]
Wolf Man January 17, 2025 (2025-01-17) Leigh Whannell Leigh Whannell & Corbett Tuck
and Lauren Schuker Blum & Rebecca Angelo 		Jason Blum [36]

Potential projects

  • Dark Army: In September 2019, it was announced that the film, featuring monsters from the original movies as well as new characters, was in development. Paul Feig will serve as director, from a script of his own. He will serve as co-producer with Laura Fischer. The project will be a joint production between Universal Pictures and Feigco Productions.[37] In October of the same year, the filmmaker confirmed that Universal was reviewing his script as a reworking of the Dark Universe concept, while citing The Bride of Frankenstein as a major influence.[38] By February 2020, Feig was working on a second draft of the script, upon receiving input from Universal Pictures.[39] By May of the same year, the filmmaker completed the newest draft while describing the tone as closer to the original films with horror elements, but a portrayal of the monsters as rejects.[40] Feig had been given the option to develop films of any characters from the roster of monsters owned by Universal Pictures, prior to his chosen project.[41][42]
  • Frankenstein: Beginning in June 2017, the project was initially announced as being in development as one of the films intended to be an installment in the Dark Universe, with Javier Bardem cast to portray the titular character. Following the studio's change in approach to the characters, it was announced in November 2019 that James Wan will serve as producer on a reboot of the Frankenstein.[43] Jason Blum expressed interest in joining the production in a producing role.[44][unreliable source?] In March 2020, it was announced that Robbie Thompson will serve as screenwriter, while the plot will center around a group of teenagers who discover that a neighbor is creating a monster in their basement. The project will be a joint production between Universal Pictures and Atomic Monster.[45]
  • The Invisible Woman: In November 2019, a reboot of The Invisible Woman was announced to be in development. Elizabeth Banks will star in, and direct the film, from a script written by Erin Cressida Wilson based on an original story written by Banks. She will also produce the project with Max Handelman.[46] Banks was given options to develop a film from any characters in the roster of monsters owned by Universal Pictures, while she chose the Invisible Woman.[41][42]
  • Monster Mash: In February 2020 a musical, titled after and centered around the novelty song "Monster Mash", was announced to be in development. Grammy Award nominee Matt Stawski will make his feature film directorial debut, while Will Widger will serve as screenwriter, from an original story written by Stawski. Marty Bowen will serve as producer, on the project which will be a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures and Temple Hill Entertainment.[47]
  • Dracula: By March 2020, Karyn Kusama was hired to direct a film centered around Dracula, from a script co-written by Matt Manfredi and Phil Hay. The plot was reportedly to take place in a modern setting. The project was to be a joint-venture production, with Blumhouse Productions serving as the production studio.[48][49] In June of the same year, Kusama stated that the movie would be a "faithful adaptation" of Bram Stoker's Dracula, including the plot device of being told from various perspectives.[50] In February 2021, Chloé Zhao was hired to write and direct a futuristic sci-fi Western film centered around the character.[51]
  • Little Monsters: In July 2020, this was announced to be in development with Josh Cooley hired as both writer and director, with the story centering characters from the Universal Monsters movies; inspired and based on drawings of the monster characters by Crash McCreery who will be given an executive producer credit. The project is intended to serve as a "love letter to classic Hollywood and the history of film-making with a story that takes a multi-generational approach to the monsters and a more PG-rated, lighthearted family-friendly tone in the tradition of the classic '80s Spielberg films from Amblin Entertainment to match as well". The movie will be a live-action/CGI hybrid, with Todd Lieberman and David Hoberman serving as producers. The project will be a joint production between Universal Pictures and Mandeville Films.[52]
  • Untitled Invisible Man sequel: In February 2020, Leigh Whannell stated that though The Invisible Man (2020) was developed as a standalone film, he may consider making a follow-up movie.[53] In May of the same year, Leigh and Jason Blum stated that sequel discussions were ongoing.[54] In July 2020, it was officially announced that Leigh Whannell is working the story.[52]
  • Untitled Scorpion King reboot: In November 2020, it was announced that a reboot of The Scorpion King film series is in development. Jonathan Herman will serve as screenwriter, with the plot taking place during modern-day and involving a contemporary adaptation of Mathayus of Akkad / Scorpion King. Dwayne Johnson, who started his acting career as the titular role in The Mummy Returns, will serve as producer alongside Dany Garcia and Hiram Garcia. The project will be a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures and Seven Bucks Productions.[55]
  • Untitled film: In November 2020, it was announced that a project is in development with Channing Tatum as its star. Wes Tooke will serve as screenwriter, from a story written by Reid Carolin. Phil Lord and Christopher Miller will serve as co-producers alongside Tatum, Carolin, Peter Kiernan, and Aditya Sood. The plot is described as "a modern-day, tongue-in-cheek thriller", while being "a bold genre reinvention of one of the studio's most beloved characters from the Monsters Universe." The project will be a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures, Lord Miller Productions, Free Association Productions.[56]
  • Van Helsing: Originally announced in 2015, with Rupert Sanders in early negotiations to serve as a director for a reboot of Van Helsing, with a script co-written by Jon Spaihts and Eric Heisserer;[57] the project was ultimately placed on hold. In December 2020, it was announced that the project had re-entered development with Julius Avery serving as director, as well as doing a rewrite of an original script by Eric Pearson. James Wan will serve as producer, with the project intended to be a joint-production venture between Universal Pictures and Atomic Monster.[58]
  • The Creature from the Black Lagoon: Universal attempted various incarnations of producing a remake centered around the titular Gill-man throughout a number of decades (beginning as early as 1982), including intended projects directed by: John Landis,[59] John Carpenter,[60] Peter Jackson,[61] Ivan Reitman,[62] Guillermo del Toro,[63] and Breck Eisner;[64] while various writers were attached through the years. Some time in 2004, James Gunn pitched an adaptation of the character though the studio passed on adapting the script;[65] del Toro's material from working on his version was notably later repurposed for the unrelated Academy Award winning The Shape of Water (2017).[66] Beginning in June 2017, the project was initially announced as being in development as one of the movie installments of the Dark Universe, prior to the shared universe being abandoned in favor of standalone films instead.[67][68] In August 2024, a new project described as "grounded" and "modernized" based on the titular character was announced as being in development; with James Wan attached as producer in addition to being in early discussions to serve as director.[69] By September of the same year, it was announced Sean Tretta was hired to write the script, which is based on an original story co-authored by Wan, Rafael Jordan, and Bryan Coyne. The project will be a joint-venture production between Universal Pictures, and the newly-merged Atomic Monster and Blumhouse Productions.[70]

Cancelled projects

Beginning in October 2013, Universal hired Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman to collaborate in developing a relaunch of the Universal Monsters characters as a new shared universe of movies similar in fashion to the Marvel Cinematic Universe; notably a franchise which includes interconnectivity that originated previously in the classic Universal Monsters films.[71][72][better source needed] By July 2014, the studio officially hired Chris Morgan to replace Orci and work alongside Kurtzman in overseeing development of an interconnected series of films based around rebooted versions of the Universal Monster characters. The duo was tasked with creating the overall outline for the titular monsters.[73] The development of a cinematic universe continued as Kurtzman and Morgan became involved with additional photography for Dracula Untold (2014); reshoots which positioned the final scenes of the movie in modern-day, in order to connect with other movies and to allow the cast to reprise their roles in future installments.[74] The movie's connections to the new franchise was downplayed however following its mixed critical and financial reception,[75][better source needed][76] with The Mummy (2017) repositioned as the official start of the shared film universe.[77] In May 2017, the slate of reimagined incarnations of titular monsters was officially titled Dark Universe. The studio announced the franchise with an official press release, logo, website, trailer, and score composed by Danny Elfman.[78] Universal Pictures in collaboration with Kurtzman and Morgan, created a writer's room consisting of various contributors to create the stories that would later be expanded into scripts,[79] which were intended to be rooted in horror as opposed to the action adventure nature of the studio's previous remakes.[80][better source needed][81][better source needed] The Mummy introduced its ancient titular monster (played by Sofia Boutella), alongside the heroic character portrayed Tom Cruise who's monstrous origins depicted in the movie were intended to expanded upon in later installments.[82][better source needed] Prior to the movie's release, additional cast joined the franchise alongside Cruise, including Russell Crowe as Dr. Henry Jekyll / Mr. Edward Hyde, Johnny Depp as Dr. Griffin / the Invisible Man, and Javier Bardem as the Frankenstein Monster.[83][better source needed]

Confirmed reboot movies in development included: Frankenstein, Wolf Man, Bride of Frankenstein, Dracula, Creature from the Black Lagoon, Phantom of the Opera, Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Invisible Man, Van Helsing, and Dr. Jekyll.[67][68] After poor critical reception and underwhelming box office performance of The Mummy in 2017 however, Universal postponed all plans for the Dark Universe slate of films.[84] In January 2018, the production studio began reconfiguring their approach to the Universal Monsters,[85][86] and following the departures of Kurtzman and Morgan from their roles as co-architects of the franchise,[84] the studio decided to abandon a shared cinematic universe in favor of returning to standalone adaptations of the characters instead.[87][88] After previously expressing interest in working with Universal Pictures on relaunching the characters for modern audiences,[89][90][better source needed] Jason Blum officially signed on to collaborate on a number of the projects in development. The producer later stated November 2020, that control of the Dark Universe and the Universal Monsters remains under the direction of Universal Pictures.[91]

Main cast and characters

This table includes the Universal Monster characters and their respective actors for each movie in the franchise. Additional characters include recurring primary characters of the Universal Studios Monsters franchise.

Character Classic era Remakes and spin-offs
1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s
Dr. Henry Jekyll
Mr. Edward Hyde[92][better source needed][93] 		King Baggot[a] Boris Karloff[b] Stephen Fisher
& Robbie Coltrane[c]
Russell Crowe[d]
Quasimodo
The Hunchback of Notre Dame[94] 		Lon Chaney[e]
The Phantom of the Opera[94] Lon Chaney[f] Claude Rains[g]
Count Dracula[94] Bela Lugosi[h]
Carlos Villar[i] 		John Carradine[j]
Bela Lugosi[k] 		Frank Langella[l]
Richard Roxburgh[m]
Luke Evans[n]
Nicolas Cage[o]
Javier Botet[p]
Frankenstein's Monster[94] Boris Karloff[q] Lon Chaney Jr.[r]
Bela Lugosi[s]
Glenn Strange[t] 		Shuler Hensley[u]
Imhotep
The Mummy[95] 		Boris Karloff[v] Arnold Vosloo[w]
Dr. Jack Griffin
The Invisible Man[95] 		Claude Rains[x] Referenced Oliver Jackson-Cohen[y]
Bride of Frankenstein[94] Elsa Lanchester[z]
Dr. Wilfred Glenn
Werewolf of London[95] 		Henry Hull[aa]
Countess Marya Zaleska
Dracula's Daughter[95] 		Gloria Holden[ab] Alisha Weir[ac]
Geoffrey Radcliffe
The Invisible Man[95] 		Vincent Price[ad]
Kharis
The Mummy[95] 		Tom Tyler[ae]
Lon Chaney Jr.[af]
Kitty Carol
The Invisible Woman[95] 		Virginia Bruce[ag]
Lawrence "Larry" Talbot
The Wolf Man[94] 		Lon Chaney Jr.[ah] Benicio del Toro[ai]
Christopher Abbott[aj]
Frank "Raymond" Griffin
The Invisible Man[95] 		Jon Hall[ak]
Count Alucard
Son of Dracula[95] 		Lon Chaney Jr.[al]
Robert Griffin
The Invisible Man[95] 		Jon Hall[am]
Phyllis Allenby
She-Wolf of London[95] 		June Lockhart[an]
Gill-Man
The Creature[94] 		Ben Chapman [ao]
Ricou Browning [ap]
Tom Hennesy[aq]
Don Megowan[ar]
Klaris
The Mummy[95] 		Eddie Parker[as]
Mathayus of Akkad
The Scorpion King[96] 		Dwayne Johnson[at]
Michael Copon[au]
Victor Webster[av]
Zach McGowan[aw]
Han the Dragon Emperor
The Mummy[97] 		Jet Li[ax]
Dr. Heinrich "Henry" von Frankenstein Colin Clive[ay] Cedric Hardwicke[az] Samuel West[ba]
Brides of Dracula[98] Geraldine Dvorak,
Cornelia Thaw,
& Dorothy Tree[bb]
Uncredited actresses[bc] 		Silvia Colloca,
Elena Anaya,
& Josie Maran[bd]
Robert Montague "R. M." Renfield[99] Dwight Frye[be]
Pablo Álvarez Rubio[bf] 		Nicholas Hoult[bg]
Ygor Bela Lugosi[bh] Kevin J. O'Connor[bi]
Prof. Van Helsing Edward Van Sloan[bj]
Eduardo Arozamena[bk] 		Hugh Jackman[bl]

Television

Series Season(s) Episode(s) Originally released Creator(s) Executive producer Status
First released Last released Network
Monster Force 1 13 April 9, 1994 (1994-04-09) July 16, 1994 (1994-07-16) Syndication Marv Wolfman Sheldon S. Wiseman Ended
The Mummy: The Animated Series 2 26 September 29, 2001 (2001-09-29) June 7, 2003 (2003-06-07) Kids' WB Stephen Sommers and
Thomas Pugsley & Greg Klein 		Stephen Sommers Ended
Monster Force (1994)

Created by comic book author and artist Marv Wolfman, in collaboration with Universal Cartoon Studios, the show was developed to reintroduce the Universal Monsters to child audiences. The plot centers around a group of college-age students and their professor Dr. Reed Crawley to form a squad call the Monster Force, who through the use of some supernatural skills and technological weaponry must combat Dracula and his army called the Creatures of the Night. The series aired through broadcast syndication from April to July of 1994. With mild viewership, the show was canceled after its first season.[100][better source needed][101]

The Mummy: The Animated Series (2001–2003)

Created by Stephen Sommers in collaboration with Thomas Pugsley and Greg Klein, as a spin-off animated adaptation and continuation of the film series which had starred Brendan Fraser. The television show centers around Imhotep / The Mummy, while following the continuing adventures of Rick O'Connell and his family. Featuring the voices of Jim Cummings, John Schneider, Chris Marquette, Grey DeLisle, and an ensemble of supporting cast, the show was marketed towards younger audiences through Universal Cartoon Studios. Airing on The WB through the Kids' WB! programming block from September 2001 to June 2003, the show received critical acclaim while some critics called the release superior to the feature-length sequels to the live-action 1999 film.[100][better source needed][102][103]

Short films

Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Producer
Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon February 21, 1954 (1954-02-21) Sid Smith & Edward Sobol John Grant and
Hugh Wedlock & Howard Snyder 		Edward Sobol
Van Helsing: The London Assignment May 11, 2004 (2004-05-11) Sharon Bridgeman Garfield Reeves-Stevens & Judith Reeves-Stevens John Kafka
Abbott and Costello Meet the Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954)

Developed in collaboration with Colgate-Palmolive-Peet, the short was released during The Colgate Comedy Hour as a live-television comedy sketch created to introduce audiences to The Creature from the Black Lagoon. Continuing the trend with previous installments where Bud Abbott and Lou Costello meet the Universal Monsters, the short follows a plot where the two actors explore the studio's prop room which references some of their previous interactions with the various characters, while encountering the Invisible Man, Frankenstein's Monster (Glenn Strange), and the Gill-Man (Ben Chapman).[104][better source needed][105][self-published source?]

Van Helsing: The London Assignment (2004)

Developed as an anime-styled prologue to the 2004 feature-length movie, the short was directed by Sharon Bridgeman from a script written by Garfield and Judith Reeves-Stevens. The plot takes place chronologically immediately before the live-action movie and follows Gabriel Van Helsing's investigation in the grisly murders plaguing Victorian era London, and his discovery of a monstrous killer named Mr. Hyde. Marketed as the prequel to the theatrical release, it was produced for the straight-to-home video market by Universal and was received with mixed reception.[106][107][self-published source?][108]

Other media

Home video releases

The franchise has received a variety of home video packing boxsets including: The Classic Collection (1991-1994), the Classic Monster Collection (1999), The Legacy Collection (2004), the Essential Collection (2012), and the Complete Collection (2018).

Universal Studios Monsters films
Year Title The Classic Collection
(1991–94) 		Classic Monster Collection
(1999) 		The Legacy Collection
(2004) 		Essential Collection
(2012) 		Complete Collection
(2018) 		Ref(s)
1931 Dracula Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [109][110][111][112][113][114]
Dracula (Spanish) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [109][110][111][112][113][115]
Frankenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [116][117][118][112][113][119]
1932 Murders in the Rue Morgue Yes No No No No [120][121]
The Mummy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [122][123][124][112][113][6]
Island of Lost Souls[bm] Yes No No No No [126][127]
1933 The Invisible Man Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [128][129][130][112][113][131]
1934 The Black Cat Yes No No No No [132][131]
1935 The Bride of Frankenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [133][134][118][112][113][7]
Werewolf of London Yes No Yes No Yes [135][136][113][137]
The Raven Yes No No No No [138][139]
1936 Dracula's Daughter Yes No Yes No Yes [140][111][113][141]
1939 Son of Frankenstein Yes No Yes No Yes [142][118][113][143]
Tower of London Yes No No No No [144][145]
1940 The Invisible Man Returns Yes No Yes No Yes [146][130][113][147]
The Mummy's Hand Yes No Yes No Yes [148][124][113][149]
The Invisible Woman Yes No Yes No Yes [150][130][113][151]
1941 The Monster and the Girl[bm] Yes No No No No [152][153]
Man-Made Monster Yes No No No No [154][155]
The Wolf Man Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [156][157][136][112][113][158]
1942 The Ghost of Frankenstein Yes No Yes No Yes [159][118][113][160]
Invisible Agent Yes No Yes No Yes [161][130][113][162]
The Mummy's Tomb Yes No Yes No Yes [163][124][113][164]
1943 Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man Yes No Yes No Yes [165][136][113][166]
Captive Wild Woman Yes No No No No [167][168]
Phantom of the Opera Yes Yes No Yes Yes [169][170][112][113][171]
Son of Dracula Yes No Yes No Yes [172][111][113][173]
The Mad Ghoul Yes No No No No [174][175]
1944 The Invisible Man's Revenge Yes No Yes No Yes [176][130][113][177]
The Mummy's Ghost Yes No Yes No Yes [178][124][113][179]
House of Frankenstein Yes No Yes No Yes [180][118][113][181]
The Mummy's Curse Yes No Yes No Yes [182][124][113][183]
1945 House of Dracula Yes No Yes No Yes [184][111][113][185]
1946 House of Horrors Yes No No No No [186][187]
She-Wolf of London No No Yes No Yes [136][113][188]
1948 Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein No No No No Yes [113][189]
1951 Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man No No No No Yes [113][190]
1954 Creature from the Black Lagoon Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [191][192][193][112][113][194]
1955 Revenge of the Creature Yes No Yes No Yes [195][193][113][196]
Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy No No No No Yes [113][197]
1956 The Creature Walks Among Us Yes No Yes No Yes [198][193][113][199]

Literature

Novels

Universal Monsters novels
Title Author Publication Date Publisher Notes Ref(s)
Return of the Wolfman Jeff Rovin January 1, 1999 (1999-01-01) Berkley Boulevard Books — [200]
Universal Monsters - Dracula: Return of Evil Larry Mike Garmon August 3, 2006 (2006-08-03) Scholastic, Incorporated Part of Larry Mike Garmon's Universal Monsters series [201]
Universal Monsters - The Wolf Man: Blood Moon Rising August 6, 2006 (2006-08-06) [202]
Universal Monsters - Frankenstein: Anatomy of Terror March 24, 2009 (2009-03-24) [203]
Universal Monsters - The Mummy: Book of the Dead February 1, 2002 (2002-02-01) [204]
Universal Monsters - Creature from the Black Lagoon: Blackwater Horror March 24, 2009 (2009-03-24) [205]
Universal Monsters - Bride of Frankenstein: Vow of Vengeance September 1, 2009 (2009-09-01) [206]
Dracula: Asylum Paul Witcover April 12, 2006 (2006-04-12) Dark Horse Comics — [207]
Frankenstein: The Shadow of Frankenstein Stefan Petrucha July 26, 2006 (2006-07-26) — [208]
Creature from the Black Lagoon: Time's Black Lagoon Paul Di Filippo August 23, 2006 (2006-08-23) — [209]
The Mummy: Dark Resurrection Michael Paine October 3, 2007 (2007-10-03) — [210]
The Wolf Man: Hunter's Moon Michael Jan Friedman October 3, 2007 (2007-10-03) — [211]
The Bride of Frankenstein: Pandora's Bride Elizabeth Hand December 5, 2007 (2007-12-05) — [212]

Comics

Universal Monsters comics
Title Creatives Publication Date Publisher
Writer Artist(s) Editor Designer Premiere date Finale date
Universal Monsters: Frankenstein[213] Den Beauvais Den Beauvais Dan Thorsland Scott Tice May 1, 1993 Dark Horse Comics
Universal Monsters: Creature from the Black Lagoon[214] Steve Moncuse Arthur Adams (Penciller, Cover); Terry Austin (Inker); Lois Buhalis (Letterer); Matt Hollingsworth (Colorist); Terry Austin (Cover) Dan Thorsland Scott Tice August 1, 1993
Universal Monsters: Dracula[215] Dan Vado Jonathon D. Smith (Artist, Cover); Clem Robins (Letterer) Dan Thorsland Scott Tice October 1, 1993
Universal Monsters: The Mummy[216] Dan Jolley Tony Harris (Artist, Cover); Lois Buhalis (Letterer); Matt Hollingsworth (Colorist) Dan Thorsland Scott Tice November 1, 1993
Universal Monsters: Cavalcade of Horror[217] Collection edition of Universal Monsters releases by Dark Horse; Eric Powell (Cover) January 11, 2006
Universal Monsters: Dracula[218][219] 1–4 James Tynion IV Martin Simmonds October 25, 2023 January 24, 2024 Skybound Entertainment
Universal Monsters: Creature from the Black Lagoon Lives![220] Dan Watters
Ram V 		Matthew Roberts Dave Stewart April 24, 2024 July 24, 2024
Universal Monsters: Frankenstein[221] Michael Walsh Toni Marie Griiffin August 28, 2024 TBA

Theme park attractions

  • Halloween Horror Nights: Since 1991 at Universal Parks & Resorts have featured characters from the Universal Classic Monsters franchise. From 2006 to 2014, the characters also appeared in the year-round walk-through attraction, Universal's House of Horrors, at Universal Studios Hollywood. The franchise is also the central theme of Universal's Horror Make-Up Show. The live show opened in 1990 at Universal Studios Florida and is still in operation.[222]
  • Revenge of the Mummy: The Ride: Opening in 2004 at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood, the roller coaster with dark ride elements is based on the first two Mummy films of the remake era.[223]
  • Universal Epic Universe: In June 2024, it was revealed that Universal would be repurposing the concept and title of cancelled shared universe of movies through Universal Destinations & Experiences' planned expansion of the Orlando park location. As a part of the expansion, a portion of the park named Universal Epic Universe will be developed to incorporate and center around the Universal Monsters, and will be titled Dark Universe. Thematically inspired by each of its movies, the park is intended to serve as a modern day follow-up to the original films, where attendees can explore a town named Darkmoor Village. There they discover that the great-great-granddaughter of Henry Frankenstein named Victoria, has continued followed in the mad scientist footsteps of her family and has begun creating monsters of her own. Visitors attending the park will see the events of a plot unfold, where her latest experiment which was intended to bring all of the Universal Monsters under her control backfires as a result of Dracula's revolt. The Dark Universe will include attractions, locales from the movies, a number of rides, and a combination of actors, animatronics, special effects, and cutting-edge technology that was developed for the park. The Dark Universe portion of the Universal Epic Universe park will open on May 22, 2025.[224][225] The location will include Dracula, Frankenstein's Monster, Wolf Man, Bride of Frankenstein, Creature from the Black Lagoon, The Mummy, Invisible Man, and various others from the studio's films.[226]
  • Universal Horror Unleashed: In 2025, a haunted house attraction will feature characters from the Universal Classic Monsters franchise.[227]

Legacy

The Universal Monsters have been attributed with directly influencing the horror genre and its filmmakers in the decades that followed,[228] as well as also retroactively adding additional depth to the source material for the characters.[229][better source needed] The popularity of the franchise, led to various unrelated media based on the characters and adapting in a variety of means.[230]

  • The Munsters franchise (1964–2022): A comedic sitcom formatted parody of horror, where a family of benign monsters navigate their existence among normal American experiences. Produced in collaboration with Universal Television, the franchise was able to employ the copyrighted designs of the Universal Monsters for the Munster family.[231] Versions of Frankenstein's Monster, Count Dracula, the Gill-Man, Dr. Frankenstein, The Wolf Man, Phantom of the Opera, Bride of Frankenstein, and Dr. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde feature throughout its installments.[232]
  • Mad Monster Party? (1967): Developed by Rankin/Bass Productions Inc. as a stop motion animated musical comedy, the adaptation features incarnations of Universal Monsters with distinct variations to avoid copyright; including: Dr. Frankenstein (voiced by Boris Karloff), Frankenstein's Monster, Bride of Frankenstein, Count Dracula, the Wolf Man, The Mummy, Dr. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde, Creature from the Black Lagoon, Hunchback of Notre-Dame, and Invisible Man among various other monster-themed characters. Directed by Jules Bass, with a script written by Len Korobkin and Harvey Kurtzman, based on an original story from Arthur Rankin Jr., the plot centers around Dr. Frankenstein's invitation for all monsters to attend a retirement celebration at Castle Frankenstein to name is successor.[233] The feature-length movie has been cited as a cult classic in the decades since its release.[234]
  • Abigail (2024): Originally developed by Universal under the working title of Dracula's Daughter after the 1936 film of the same name, it ultimately evolved into a separate project, is not directly based on any work of Dracula or Universal Monsters, and was stripped of its direct connections to them.[235][236][237][discuss] It premiered on April 7, 2024 at the Overlook Film Festival.

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  131. ^ a b Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 78.
  132. ^ The Black Cat (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  133. ^ Bride of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  134. ^ Bride of Frankenstein (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  135. ^ Werewolf of London (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  136. ^ a b c d The Wolf Man: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  137. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 129.
  138. ^ The Raven (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  139. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 138.
  140. ^ Dracula's Daughter (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  141. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 162.
  142. ^ Son of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  143. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 182.
  144. ^ Tower of London (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  145. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 200.
  146. ^ The Invisible Man Returns (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  147. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 207.
  148. ^ The Mummy's Hand (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  149. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 229.
  150. ^ The Invisible Woman (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  151. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 237.
  152. ^ The Monster and the Girl (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  153. ^ "The Monster and the Girl". American Film Institute. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  154. ^ Man-Made Monster (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  155. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 241.
  156. ^ The Wolf Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  157. ^ The Wolf Man (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  158. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 261.
  159. ^ The Ghost of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  160. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 275.
  161. ^ Invisible Agent (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  162. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 294.
  163. ^ The Mummy's Tomb (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  164. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 305.
  165. ^ Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  166. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 322.
  167. ^ Captive Wild Woman (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  168. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 337.
  169. ^ Phantom of the Opera (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  170. ^ Phantom of the Opera (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  171. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 345.
  172. ^ Son of Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  173. ^ Kiss 2019, p. 95.
  174. ^ The Mad Ghoul (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  175. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 373.
  176. ^ The Invisible Man's Revenge (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  177. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 400.
  178. ^ The Mummy's Ghost (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  179. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 417.
  180. ^ House of Frankenstein (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  181. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 447.
  182. ^ The Mummy's Curse (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  183. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 456.
  184. ^ House of Dracula (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  185. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 501.
  186. ^ House of Horrors (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  187. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 525.
  188. ^ Weaver, Brunas & Brunas 2007, p. 539.
  189. ^ "Bud Abbott and Lou Costello Meet Frankenstein". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  190. ^ "Abbott and Costello Meet The Invisible Man". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  191. ^ Creature from the Black Lagoon (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  192. ^ Creature from the Black Lagoon (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 1999.
  193. ^ a b c Creature from the Black Lagoon: The Legacy Collection (DVD). Universal Studios Home Video. 2004.
  194. ^ "Creature from the Black Lagoon". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  195. ^ Revenge of the Creature (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  196. ^ "Revenge of the Creature". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  197. ^ "Abbott and Costello Meet The Mummy". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  198. ^ The Creature Walks Among Us (VHS). MCA Home Video. 1991.
  199. ^ "The Creature Walks Among Us". American Film Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  200. ^ Rovin, Jeff. "Return of The Wolf Man". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  201. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Dracula: Return of Evil". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  202. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "The Wolf Man: Blood Moon Rising". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  203. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Frankenstein: Anatomy of Terror". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  204. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "The Mummy: Book of the Dead". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  205. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Creature from the Black Lagoon: Blackwater Horror". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  206. ^ Garmon, Larry Mike. "Bride of Frankenstein: Vow of Vengeance". AbeBooks. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  207. ^ Witcover, Paul. "Dracula: Asylum". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  208. ^ Petrucha, Stefan. "Frankenstein: The Shadow of Frankenstein". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  209. ^ Di Filippo, Paul. "Creature from the Black Lagoon: Time's Black Lagoon". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  210. ^ Pain, Michael. "The Mummy: Dark Resurrection". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  211. ^ Friedman, Michael Jan. "The Wolf Man: Hunter's Moon". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  212. ^ Hand, Elizabeth. "The Bride of Frankenstein: Pandora's Bride". Dark Horse Comics. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
  213. ^ "Universal Monsters: Frankenstein :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  214. ^ "Universal Monsters: Creature from the Black Lagoon :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  215. ^ "Universal Monsters: Dracula :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  216. ^ "Universal Monsters: The Mummy :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  217. ^ "Universal Monsters: Cavalcade of Horror TPB Collection :: Profile :: Dark Horse Comics". www.darkhorse.com. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  218. ^ Salmon, Will (2023-07-18). "Dracula bites back in the first of a new series of Universal Monsters comics from Skybound". gamesradar. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  219. ^ First Comics News (2023-07-14). "James Tynion IV & Martin Simmonds Launch Universal Monsters: Dracula Comic Book Series". Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  220. ^ Kit, Borys (2024-01-12). "'Creature from the Black Lagoon' Comic Book Coming from Robert Kirkman's Skybound Entertainment (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
  221. ^ Schedeen, Jesse (2024-02-29). "Universal Monsters: Frankenstein Reimagines the Iconic Movie Monster". IGN. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
  222. ^ Gavin, Michael (October 24, 2017). "It's Alive! Universal Studios' Classic Monster Café gets updated with new life – and is ghoulishly gorgeous". Inside the Magic. JAK Schmidt, Inc. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  223. ^ Stellin, Susan (February 9, 2004). "TECHNOLOGY; High-Tech Mummy Ride Aims to Combine the Fright Factor With Roller Coaster Thrills". The New York Times. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  224. ^ "Universal Orlando". Universal Orlando Resort. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
  225. ^ Tapp, Tom (June 20, 2024). "Dark Universe Revealed: New World At Universal Orlando's Epic Universe Will Include Werewolf Coaster & Frankenstein's Experiment Gone Awry". Deadline. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
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  227. ^ Weprin, Alex (October 31, 2024). "Universal Plans Year-Round Haunted Houses Based on 'Exorcist' and 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
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  237. ^ "Abigail Directors Reveal Axed Dialogue That Would've Made Lazar Even More of a Vampiric Threat". August 23, 2024.

Additional sources

Notes

  1. ^ Baggot portrayed the character in the silent movie, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1913).
  2. ^ Karloff portrayed the character in Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1953).
  3. ^ Fisher portrayed Jekyll, while Coltrane voiced a CGI-created Hyde in Van Helsing (2004).
  4. ^ Crowe portrayed the character in The Mummy (2007).
  5. ^ Chaney portrayed the character in the silent movie, The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923).
  6. ^ Chaney portrayed the character in the silent movie, The Phantom of the Opera (1925) where the character is named Erik.
  7. ^ Rains portrayed the character in the remake, Phantom of the Opera (1943) where the character is named Erique Claudin.
  8. ^ Lugosi portrayed the character in Dracula (1931).
  9. ^ Villar portrayed the character in the Spanish-language version of the movie, Drácula (1931) where the character is named Conde Drácula[95]
  10. ^ Carradine portrayed the character in House of Frankenstein (1944), and House of Dracula (1945).
  11. ^ Lugosi reprised the role in Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
  12. ^ Langella portrayed the character in the remake of the 1931 original, Dracula (1979 film).
  13. ^ Roxburgh portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004), where the character is named Count Vladislaus Dracula.
  14. ^ Evans portrayed the character in Dracula Untold (2014), where the character is depicted as the historical figure Vlad III "the Impaler" Dracula in an origin story.
  15. ^ Cage portrayed the character in Renfield (2023).
  16. ^ Botet portrayed the character in The Last Voyage of the Demeter (2023).
  17. ^ Karloff portrayed the character in Frankenstein (1931), The Bride of Frankenstein (1935), and Son of Frankenstein (1939).
  18. ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942).
  19. ^ Lugosi portrayed the character in Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943).
  20. ^ Strange portrayed the character in House of Frankenstein (1944), House of Dracula (1945), and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
  21. ^ Hensley portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004).
  22. ^ Karloff portrayed the character in The Mummy (1932).
  23. ^ Vosloo portrayed the character in The Mummy (1999), and The Mummy Returns (2001).
  24. ^ Rains portrayed the character in The Invisible Man (1933).
  25. ^ Jackson-Cohen portrayed the character in The Invisible Man (2020), where the character is named Adrian Griffin.
  26. ^ Lanchester portrayed the character in The Bride of Frankenstein (1935).
  27. ^ Hull portrayed the character in Werewolf of London (1935).
  28. ^ Holden portrayed the character in Dracula's Daughter (1936).
  29. ^ Weir portrayed the character in Abigail (2024), where the character has the alias of Abigail Lazaar.
  30. ^ Price portrayed the character in The Invisible Man Returns (1940); he later reprised the role in Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
  31. ^ Tyler portrayed the character in The Mummy's Hand (1940).
  32. ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in The Mummy's Tomb (1942), The Mummy's Ghost (1944), and The Mummy's Curse (1944).
  33. ^ Bruce portrayed the character in The Invisible Woman (1940).
  34. ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in The Wolf Man (1941), Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943), House of Frankenstein (1944), House of Dracula (1945), and Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).
  35. ^ del Toro portrayed the character in The Wolfman (2010).
  36. ^ Abbott will portray the character in Wolf Man (2025).
  37. ^ Hall portrayed the character in Invisible Agent (1942).
  38. ^ Chaney Jr. portrayed the character in Son of Dracula (1943).
  39. ^ Hall played another character in The Invisible Man's Revenge (1944).
  40. ^ Lockhart portrayed the character in She-Wolf of London (1946).
  41. ^ Chapman portrayed the character in Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), while Browning served as underwater stunt double.
  42. ^ Browning served as the underwater performer for the Creature in Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Revenge of the Creature (1955), & The Creature Walks Among Us (1956).
  43. ^ Hennesy portrayed the character in Revenge of the Creature (1955), while Browning once again served as the underwater stunt double.
  44. ^ Megowan portrayed the character in The Creature Walks Among Us (1956), while Browning again served as the underwater stunt double.
  45. ^ Parker portrayed the character in Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy (1955).
  46. ^ Johnson portrayed the character in The Mummy Returns (2001), and The Scorpion King (2002).
  47. ^ Copon portrayed the character in The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior (2008), while Pierre Marais featured as the character at a younger age.
  48. ^ Webster portrayed the character in The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption (2012), and The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power (2015).
  49. ^ McGowan portrayed the character in The Scorpion King: Book of Souls (2018).
  50. ^ Li portrayed the character in The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008).
  51. ^ Clive portrayed the character in Frankenstein (1931), and The Bride of Frankenstein (1935); while the actor's likeness was used for reference on the oil painting familial portrait in Son of Frankenstein (1939).
  52. ^ Hardwicke portrays the ghostly apparition of the character during a hallucination sequence in The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942).
  53. ^ West portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004).
  54. ^ The actresses (Dvorak, Thaw, and Tree) portrayed the characters in Dracula (1931)
  55. ^ A trio of uncredited actresses portrayed the characters in the Spanish-language version of the movie Drácula (1931).
  56. ^ The actresses (Anaya, Colloca, and Maran) portrayed the characters in Van Helsing (2004), where the characters are named Verona, Aleera, and Marishka, respectively.
  57. ^ Frye portrayed the character in Dracula (1931).
  58. ^ Rubio portrayed the character in the Spanish-language version of the movie, Drácula (1931).
  59. ^ Hoult portrayed the character in Renfield (2023).
  60. ^ Lugosi portrayed the character in Son of Frankenstein (1939), and The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942).
  61. ^ O'Connor portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004).
  62. ^ Van Sloan portrayed the character in Dracula (1931), and Dracula's Daughter (1936).
  63. ^ Arozamena portrayed the character in Spanish-language version of the movie, Drácula (1931).
  64. ^ Jackman portrayed the character in Van Helsing (2004), where the character is named Gabriel Van Helsing.
  65. ^ a b Although originally produced and released by Paramount Pictures, MCA Inc. obtained the rights to the film in 1958 and acquired Universal in 1962 and branded it with Universal Studios Monsters in its 1991 home video release.[125]
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