List of Indic loanwords in Indonesian

Main article: List of loanwords in Indonesian

Although Hinduism and Buddhism are no longer the major religions of Indonesia, Sanskrit, the language vehicle for these religions, is still held in high esteem, and its status is comparable with that of Latin in English and other Western European languages. Sanskrit is also the main source for neologisms; these are usually formed from Sanskrit roots. For example, the name of Jayapura city (former Hollandia) and Jayawijaya Mountains (former Orange Range) in the Indonesian province of Papua were coined in the 1960s; both are Sanskrit origin name to replace its Dutch colonial names. Some Indonesian contemporary medals of honor and awards, such as Bintang Mahaputra medal, Kalpataru award and Adipura award, are also Sanskrit derived names.

The loanwords from Sanskrit cover many aspects of religion, art and everyday life. The Sanskrit influence came from contacts with India long ago before the 1st century. The words are either directly borrowed from India or through the intermediary of the Old Javanese language. In the classical language of Java, Old Javanese, the number of Sanskrit loanwords is far greater. The Old Javanese — English dictionary by Prof. P.J. Zoetmulder, S.J. (1982) contains no fewer than 25,500 entries. Almost half are Sanskrit loanwords. Sanskrit loanwords, unlike those from other languages, have entered the basic vocabulary of Indonesian to such an extent that, for many, they are no longer perceived to be foreign.

There are some rules of forming loans from Sanskrit: s, ṣ, and ś merge to single s; v changes to w, and the original aspiration, retroflexion, and vowel length is lost (most similar to some earliest stages of Insular Indic, including the ancestor of Sinhala, Elu).

Loanwords

Indonesian Word	Indonesian Meaning	Sanskrit Word	Sanskrit Transcription	Sanskrit Meaning	Note
abrak	clear mining product, such as glass, mica	अभ्रक	abhraka	talc, mica
acara	event, item in a programme	आचार	ācāra	custom, practice, behaviour
adakala	sometimes	यदा काल	yada-kāla	yada: from time to time, kala: time	lit. whenever-time
adi- (b.m.)	ultimate (poetic)	आदि	adi	infinite, primitive, beginning,
adicita	ideology	अधि चित्त	adhi citta	above, beside thinking, aim, reason
adikara	powerful, rampant	अधिकार	adhikāra	supremacy, authority
adikarya	masterpiece	अधि कार्य	adhi kārya	above, beside work, oeuvre, product
adikuasa	superpower	अधि वश	adhi vaśa	above, beside power, control, dominion
adimarga	great road	अधि मार्गः	adhi mārgaḥ	above, beside road
adipati, dipati	noble (title), local government	अधि पति	adhi pati	above, beside govern
adiraja	High king	अधि राज	adhi raja	above, beside king
adiratna	great jewel	अधि रत्न	adhi ratna	above, beside jewel
adisiswa	honor student, valedictorian	अधि शिष्यः	adhi śiṣyah	above, beside student
aditokoh	hero, protagonist	अधि	adhi	above, beside	tokoh means character.
adiwangsa	great nation, nobleman	अधि वंश	adhi vaṁśa	above, beside lineage, dynasty	see bangsa.
adiwarna	very beautiful, very good	अधि वर्ण	adhi varṇa	above, beside color
agama	religion	आगम	āgama	traditional doctrine, sacred teaching
agung	grand, great		agūṁ	grand	see adi-
ahimsa	not injuring anything	अहिंसा	ahiṃsā	not injuring anything
aksara	letter	अक्षर	akṣara	letter
alpa	negligent	अल्प	alpa	small, minute
amerta	immortal, eternal, unforgotten	अमृत	amṛta	immortal, drink of the gods
ananta	endless, infinity	अनन्त	ananta	Ananta
aneka	multifarious, varied, all sorts	अनेक	aneka	many, various	a- (not), eka (one)
anekaragam	variety show	अनेक ग्रामः	aneka-rāgam	various scale
anekawarna	multi-colored	अनेक वर्ण	aneka-varṇa	various color
anggota	limb, member	अङ्गता	aṅga-jāḥ	born from the body, limbs, member
angka	numerical figure	अङ्क	aṅka	numerical constant
angkara	insolence, cruel	अहंकार	ahaṁ-kāra	ego, pride-maker
angkasa	sky	आकाश	ākāśa	sky
angkasawan	astronaut	आकाश वन	ākāśa-vān	the sky + having; possessing
angsa	goose	हंस	haṁsa	swan
angsana	Pterocarpus indicus	असन	asana	Terminalia Tomen Indica
aniaya	maltreatment, abuse, injustice, tyranny	अन्याय	anyāya	sinful activities, mischief
antara, antar-	among, (in) between	अन्तर्	antar	among, between, in the middle
antariksa	outer space	अन्तरिक्ष	antarikṣa	the middle of the three spheres or regions of life atmosphere or space deity
anugerah	award, honour, grace	अनुग्रह	anugraha	to bestow blessings, compassion
anumerta	posthumous, posthumous military award for achievement	अनुमृत्	anumṛt	dying after, following in death
anuswara	nasal sound, especially nasal consonants	अनुस्वारः	anusvāra	nasal sound, see anusvara
arti	meaning	अर्थ -	artha krti	meaning understanding	for example, अर्थकथा (arthakathā) = explaining meanings.
arya	1. title for high official in Java in the past 2. ancestor of Indian, Persian and European	आर्य	ārya	(honourable) man, master	see Aryan
asa	hope	आशा	āśā	hope
asana	1. foot position (representing the deva) 2. chair, throne	आसन	āsana	sitting (according peculiar pose to the custom of devotees), see asana
asmara	love, passion	स्मरः	smaraḥ	love
asrama	dormitory	आश्रम	āśrama	religious order, college, hermitage
asta- (b.m.)	eight	अष्ट	aṣṭa	eight
atau	or	अथवा	athavā	alternatively, or, either
atma	soul, life	आत्मन्	ātman	breath, life, spirit, soul	see atman
baca	read	वाच्	vāc	words, talk
bagai	as if, like	भग	bhaga	good fortune
bagi	for, give	भाग	bhāga	(to) divide
baginda	majesty	भाग्य	bhāgya	good fortune	+ -nda: Austronesian suffix
bagus	fine, good, exemplary	भग	bhaga	good fortune, happiness, welfare
bahagia	blissful, lucky, blessed, happy	भाग्य	bhāgya	good fortune, luck, happiness
bahasa	language	भाषा	bhāṣā	sign, description
bahaya	danger	भय	bhaya	fear
bahtera	ship	वहित्र	vahitra	a boat, ship
bahu	shoulder	बाहु	bāhu	arm
bahu- (b.m.)	many	बहु	bahu	many
bahwa	that (conj.)	भव	bhava	become, state of being
baiduri	opal (gem)	वैडूर्य	vaiḍūrya	cat's eye (gem)
baja, waja	steel, strong metal	वाज	vāja	strength
bakti, bhakti	homage, devotion, service etc.	भक्ति	bhakti	bhakti
bala	disaster, calamity; also means help, assist	बल	bala	power, strength, force
bangsa	nation, race	वंश	vaṁśa	lineage, dynasty	see vaṃsa
bangsawan	noble	वंश वन	vaṁśa-vān	of the dynasty + having, possessing
baruna	sea god	वरुण	varuṇa	Varuna
basmi	eliminate, destroy	भस्मन्	bhasman	devour, consume, pulverize (to ashes)
bau	an area measurement unit, 7.096 m²	बाहु	bāhu	arm
bayu	wind (poetic)	वायु	vāyu	Vayu: Hindu god of wind
bejana	vessel	भजनम्	bhajanam
bela	defend	वेला	velā	time-limit, boundary, interval
belaka	merely	बालक	bālaka	young
belantara	jungle	वनान्तर	vanāntara	(interior of a) forest
belia	youth	बाल्य	bālya	childhood age, infancy
bencana	disaster, calamity	वञ्चन	vañcana	deception
benda	object	भाण्ड	bhāṇḍa	goods
bendahara	treasurer	भाण्डार	bhāṇḍāra	store, storehouse
berahi, birahi	passionate love	विरहिन्	virahin	separated (especially from beloved person)
berhala	idol, image of a god	भट्टार	bhaṭṭāra	lord
berita	news	वृत्त	vṛttá	news	see warta.
bestari	clever (vast of knowledge)	विस्तारिन्	vistārin	extending, large, broad
biara	monastery	विहार	vihāra	Buddha or Jaina convent	see wihara.
biarawan	male monasticism	विहारवन	vihāra van	Buddha or Jaina convent -man	see wihara.
biasa	habitual, usual, ordinary	अभ्यास	abhyāsa	habit, repetition, custom, practice
biaya	expense	व्यय	vyaya	loss, expense, spending
bicara	speak	विचार	vicāra	discussion, consideration
bidadari	apsara, nymph, lesser female deities	विद्याधरी	vidyādhari	fairy, sylph, (fem.) bearer of knowledge
bidan	midwife	विद्वान	vidvān	wise, vidwan	vidvān: nom. masc. of vidvant
bija	seed	बीजं	bījaṃ	seed	classical word, for the modern one see biji.
bijak	clever, wise	विचक्ष् विचक्षण	vicakṣ vicakṣana	vicakṣ: to see distinctly
bijaksana	clever, wise	विचक्षण	vicakṣaṇa	clever, wise, experienced
biji	seed	बीजं	bījaṃ	seed
biksu	bhikkhu	भिक्षु	bhikṣu	beggar, bhikkhu
biksuni	bhikkhuni	भिक्षु	bhikṣu	beggar, bhikkhuni
bila	when	वेला	vela	time
bina	to build	भिन्न	bhinna	different, fresh, new
binaraga	bodybuilding	भिन्न	bhinna		from combined words bina: to build and raga: body
binasa	die, death, destroyed	विनाश	vināśa	destruction
bisa	venom, malice	विष	viṣa	poison	bisa also means can, able, potent
boga	food	भोग	bhōga	object of enjoyment (such as food), eating
buana	world (poetic)	भुवन	bhuvana	world, earth, place of being
budaya	culture	बुद्धि दय	buddhi daya	combination of boddhi: virtue and dhaya: power. give, move, protect
budi	reason, virtue	बुद्धि	buddhi	intellect, discernment, judgment
budiman	kind, wise	बुद्धिमान	buddhimān	nom. of buddhi
bujangga	scholar	भुजंग	bhujaṅga	snake, dissolute friend of prince
bukti	proof	भुक्ति	bhukti	enjoyment, fruition, possession
bumi	earth	भूमि	bhūmi	land
bupati	head of second level administrative area in Indonesia	भूमिपति	bhūpati	lord of the earth	see bumi and patih
busana	clothing	भूषण	bhūṣaṇa	ornament, decoration
cabai, cabe	Capsicum sp. (Chili Peppers)	चवि	cavi	Piper chaba (Pepper)
cahaya	light	छाया	chāyā	lustre, light
cakra	disk, sphere etc. Chakra	चक्र	chakra	wheel, circle, cycle, Chakra
cakram	disk, sphere etc. disc in discus throw	चक्र	chakra	wheel, circle, cycle, Chakra
cakrawala	horizon	चक्रवाल	cakravāla	mythical mountains at the edge of light and dark, horizon
canda	joke	छन्द	chanda	pleasing, alluring, lovely, delightful
candi	temple	चण्डिका	caṇḍika	another manifestation of Durga as goddess of death
candu	1. opium (Papaver somniferum) 2. favorite, hobby	छन्दु	chandu	pleasing
candra, chandra	moon (poetic), lunar	चन्द्र	candra	Chandra: Hindu moon god
candradimuka	crater (poetic)	चन्द्र मुख	candra mukha	lunar surface
cangkang	shell	शङ्ख	śaṅkha	winged shell attribute of Vishnu, shell
cara	way, style, customs	चारी	cāra	course, way
cari	search, look for	चारी	cārī	particular step
catur	chess	चतुर चतुरंगं	catura caturaṃgaṃ	swift, quick, dexterous, clever, skilful chess
catur- (b.m.)	quad-	चतुर्	chatur	quad-
cedera	injury	छिद्र	chidra	defect
celaka	mishap	छलक	chalaka	delusive
cempaka	Magnolia sp.	चंपक	campaka	Magnolia sp.
cendala (classical)	lowly, bad person	चण्डाल	caṇḍāla	outcaste
cendana	Santalum album	चन्दन	candana	Santalum album
cenderawasih	Paradisaeidae (bird-of-paradise)	चन्द्र	candra	Chandra: Hindu moon god
ceria	1. clean, holy, pure 2. shining, clear, 3. word expression during monarch accession (archaism)	चर्य	carya	due observance of all rites and customs, proceeding
cerita	story	चरित	carita	narration, story	e.g. Buddhacarita
cerna	digest	जीर्ण	jīrṇa	old, digested, decayed
cinta	love	चिन्ता	cintā	thought (fem.)
cipta	create	चित्त	citta	thinking, aim, reason
cita	hope, idea, future goals	चित्त	citta	thinking, aim, reason
citarasa	delicious	चित्त रस	citta rasa	thinking, aim, reason flavor, taste
citra	image	चित्र	citra	picture	(Hindi, Sanskrit)
citrum	pixel	चित्र	citra	picture	singular form back-formation of "citra"
cuci	clean	शुचि	śuci	clean, pure, correct
cuka	vinegar	चुक्र	cukra	vinegar
curi	steal	चोर	cōra	thief, robber
curiga	suspicious	छुरिका	churikā	knife
dahaga	thirst	धागा	dhāgā	string, thread
dana	donation, funds	दान	dāna	donation, gift, oblation, paying back
darma, dharma	duty, good deeds (i.e. charity), truth etc.	धर्म	dharma	Dharma
dasawarsa	decade	दशन् वर्ष	daśan varṣa	ten year, rain
daya	power	दया	dayā	compassion, mercy
denda	fine, punishment	दण्ड	daṇḍa	punishment
derma	alms giving	धर्म	dharma	good works, justice
desa	village	देशा	deśa	place, spot, region, country
dewa	god	देव	deva	god
dewata	godness	देवता	devata	deity
dewi	goddess	देवी	devī	goddess
dina (classical)	day	दिनं	dinaṃ	day
dina (b.m.)	poor	दीन	dīna	poor	only in hina dina (phr.)
dirgahayu	long live	दीर्घ आयु	dīrgha āyu	long age	āyuṣā = with a life span
dosa	sin	दोष	doṣa	fault; vice
duga	guess, estimate	दुघ	dugha	yielding
duka	sadness	दुःख	duḥkha	pain, sorrow, affliction, distress, unhappiness, difficulty, trouble
dulu, dahulu	before, first, past	ढालू	ḍhālū	sloping, slant
dupa	incense	धूप	dhūpa	incense, see dhupa
duta	envoy	दूत	dūta	messenger, envoy, ambassador, negotiator
durjana	evil, wicked, malicious	दुर्जन	durjana	bad man, villain, scoundrel malicious, wicked
dusta	lie	दुष्ट	duṣṭā	wrong, false, guilty
dwi (b.m.)	two, bi-	द्वि	dvi	two, bi-
eka (b.m.)	one, mono-	एक	eka	one, mono-
gajah	elephant	गज	gaja	elephant
gapura	gate	गोपुरं	gōpuraṃ	gate	lit. city way (way + city)
garuda, geroda	garuda	गरुड़	garuḍa	garuda
gaya	stylish, fashionable	गय	gaya	wealth, property
gelita, gulita	dark	गलित	galita	waning, lost, perished
gembala	shepherd, herder	गोपाल	gopāla	cowherd, earth protector
genta	bell	घण्ट	ghaṇṭa	bell
gerha, graha	building, office, house, etc.	गृह	gṛha	house
gerhana	eclipse	ग्रहण	grahaṇa	seizure, possession, eclipse
gita	song (poetic)	गीत	gīta	singing, song
gua	cave	गुहा	gūḥa	burrow, cave
guna	utilize, use, purpose	गुण	guṇa	quality, attribute
guru	teacher, guru	गुरुः	guru	teacher
hamba	servant, slave	हम्बा	hambā	the lowing of cattle
harga	cost, price, value	अर्घ	argha	price
harta	asset	अर्थः	arthaḥ	wealth
hasta	forearm (measurement unit)	हस्तः	hastaḥ	hand
hina	lowly, inferior	हीन	hīna	small, lesser, petty, deficient, left, blamable
hina dina (phr.)	inferior and poor, unworthy, very inferior	हीन दीन	hīna dīna	lesser, etc. poor
husada	health	औषधं	auṣadhaṃ	medicine	as in panti husada, health center.
indra	sense (organs)	इन्द्रिय	indriya	sense (organs)
istana	palace	आस्थान	āsthāna	place, site
istri	wife	स्त्री	strī	wife (lit. bearer of children)
jaga	awake, guard	जागृ जागर	jāgṛ jāgara	to watch over, awake
jagat	universe	जगत्	jagat	world, universe
jaksa	attorney	अध्यक्ष	adhyakṣa	inspector, superintendent
jala	net, casting net	जाल	jāla	net
jam	hour, clock	याम	yāma	time
jambu	Myrtaceae	जम्बु	jambu	Myrtaceae
jampi	incantation	जप	japa	muttering, whispering (prayer)
janda	widow	रण्डा	raṇḍā	widow	see randa.
jasa	merit, service, etc.	यशस् व्यास	yaśas vyāsa	worth, glory; service
jati	Tectona grandis (Teak)	जाति	jāti	Jasminum grandiflorum
jawa	Java, Javanese	यव	yava	barley, grain	On Java context, it means rice or paddy.
jaya	glorious	जय	jaya	conquest, victory, triumph
jelata	common people	जनता	janata	a number of men, assemblage of people, community, subjects, mankind
jelita	lovely	ललित	lalita	lovely, charming, favourite, liked
jelma	incarnation, to become, to turn into	जन्म	janma	birth
jentera	spinning, wheel	यन्त्र	yantra	instrument
jiwa	life, soul, sanity	जीव	jīva	(personal) soul
juta	million	अयुत	ayuta	ten thousand, myriad
jutawan	very rich	अयुत वन	ayuta+vān	ten thousand + having, possessing
kaca	glass	काच	kāca	glass
kacamata	glasses, spectacles	काच	kāca	glass
kala	time	काल	kāla	time
kalah	defeat	कलह	kalaha	quarrel, fight
kalau	if	काल	kāla	time
kali	time(s), in mathematics	काल	kāla	time
kalpataru	1. tree of life and hope, 2. environmental award from government of Indonesia	कल्पतरु	kalpataru	wishing or wonder tree, see Kalpavriksha
kamboja	Plumeria acuminata	काम्बोज	kāmboja	1. related to Kámbója, 2. Rottlera tinctoria, 3. white mimosa, 4. Gunja
kanta, suryakanta	lens	सूर्य्यकान्त कान्त	sūryyakānta kānta	sun-crystal, crystal lens precious stone
kapas	cotton	कर्पास	karpāsa	cotton
karena	because	कारण	kāraṇa	cause
karma	1. personal work in world 2. law of causality	कर्म	karma	karma
karsa	initiative, will	कर्ष	karṣa	pulling, obtaining, mastering (√kṛṣ)
kartika	star (poetic)	कृत्तिका कार्त्तिक	kṛttikā kārttika	Pleiades, corresponding month (Oct-Nov)
karunia	blessing	करुण	karuṇa	compassion
karya	work, oeuvre, product	कार्य	kārya	work	see kerja.
kasturi	Tapeinochilos ananassae	कस्तूरी	kastūrī	1. musk, 2. Hibiscus abelmoschus, 3. Amaryllis zeylanica
kata	word	कथा	kathā	speech, talk, story
kati	a hundred thousand	कोटि	koṭi	ten million
kelahi	quarrel, fight	कलह	kalaha	quarrel, fight
keling	Indian, black-skinned	कालिङ्ग	kāliṅga	related to Kalinga
keluarga	family	कुल वर्ग	kula varga	kula: family, race, tribe or caste, kin. varga: group	see also, warga.
kemala, gemala, kumala	jade, gemstone	कोमल	komala	gracious, charming
kencana	gold, golden, grand, glorious	काञ्चन	kāñcana	gold
kendi	water-pitcher	कुण्ड कुण्डी	kuṇḍa kuṇḍī	jar, pitcher	kuṇḍī: fem. form of kuṇḍa
kepala	head	कपाल	kapāla	skull, cranium
keranda	coffin	करण्ड	karaṇḍa	basket, box
kerja	work	कार्य	kārya	the work, the manifest products	see karya.
ketika	moment, when	घट	ghaṭa	G'har'í or Indian clock
kian	become more, as much (many) as	कियत्	kiyān	how much
kirana	1. ray (lit.) 2. beautiful	किरण	kiraṇa	ray of light
kosakata	vocabulary	कोश कथा	kośa kathā	kośa:dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary kata: speech, talk, story
kota	city, town	कोट्ट	koṭa	stronghold
krida	1. action 2. sport	क्रीडा	krīḍā	sport, play, amusement
ksatria	warrior, knight	क्षत्रिय	kṣatriya	military, reigning, princely caste, supremacy
kuasa	power	वश	vaśa	power, control, dominion
kuat	strong	उत्ताल	uttāla	strong
kuda	horse	घोटकः	ghōṭakaḥ	horse
kumba	pot	कुंभ	kuṃbha	pot, jar
kunci	key	कुञ्चिका	kuñcikā	key
kungkuma	saffron	कुंकुम	kuṅkuma	saffron
kurnia	mercy	कारुण्य	kāruṇya	compassion, praiseworthy, excellent
kusta	leprosy	कुष्ठ	kuṣṭha	leprosy
kusuma, kasuma, kesuma	flower	कुसुम	kusuma	flower, blossom, bud
labu	gourd	अलाबु	alābu	gourd
lagu	song	लघु	laghu	gentle (sound)
laksa	ten thousand	लक्ष	lakṣa	ten thousand, lakh
laksana	1. like, as if 2. good sign (classical)	लक्षण	lakṣaṇa	indirect indication, favourable mark
laksamana	admiral	लक्ष्मण	lakṣmaṇa	Lakshmana
laksmi	beautiful, Lakshmi	लक्ष्मी	lakṣmī	Lakshmi, beautiful
lata	crawling, creeping animal (usually snake)	लता	latā	creeping plants, see vine
lawang	door, Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.), Nutmeg (Myristica sp.)	लवंग	lavaṅga	Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
lela	graceful movement, elegant	लीला	līlā	play
lena	sleep soundly	लीन	līna	lying or resting on
lencana	seal, emblem, badge	लाञ्छन	lāñchana	mark, sign, vestige
lingga	lingam	लिङ्गम्	liṅgam	lingam
loba	greedy	लोभ	lobha	greed
loka	world, place, realm, abode	लोक	loka	space, room, place, world
madu	honey co-wife	मधु	madhu	sweet food or drink, incld. honey, milk, wine, etc.
madya, madia	middle	मध्य	madhya	middle
maha	great, super, hyper, very	महा	mahā	great
mahadewa	supreme god		mahā+deva	supreme god
mahadewi	supreme goddess		mahā+devi	supreme goddess
maha esa	all-mighty	महेश	maheśa = mahā+īśa	supreme lord	īśa (ईश): owning, possessing, powerful, supreme, capable, lord
mahaguru	professor		mahā+guru	great teacher
maharaja	emperor	महाराज	mahārāja	great king
maharani	queen		mahārani		see rani.
mahasiswa	(male) college/university student	महा शिष्यः	mahā-śiṣyah	great-student	(masc.)
mahasiswi	(female) college/university student	महा शिष्यः	mahā-śiṣyāh	great-student	(fem.)
mahesa, mahisa	buffalo	महिषः	mahiṣaḥ	buffalo
mahkota	crown	मुकुट	mukuṭa	crown
mala	stain, dirt	मल	mala	dirt, filth, impurity
malapetaka	calamity, disaster	महा पातक	mahā pātaka	great sin or collapse
manakala	when		māna-kāla	in honor of time
mandiri	autonomous, independent		mandhiri
mani	sperm	मणि	maṇi	1. pearls, gem, jewel, 2. glans penis
manik	bead, sequin, jewel	मणि	maṇi	1. pearls, gem, jewel, 2. glans penis
mantra, mantera	mantra	मन्त्र	mantra	mantra
manusia	human	मनुष्य	mānuṣya	human being
marga	road	मार्गः	mārgaḥ	road
masa	period, time	मास	māsa	month
matra	measurement unit, of length, height, depth	मात्रा	mātrā	measurement unit
maya	illusion	माया	māyā	Maya (illusion)
menteri	minister (head of a government department)	मन्त्रि	mantri	king's counsellor, minister
merdeka	freedom, liberty	महा ऋद्धि	mahā ṛddhi-ka	great prosperity
merdu	sweet, melodious	मृदु	mṛdu	soft
merica	pepper	मरीचम्	marīcam	spices
mitra	partner	मित्र	mitra	friend
muda	young	मूढ	mūḍha	stupid, silly, simple
mudah	easy	मूढ	mūḍha	stupid, silly, simple
muka	face	मुख	mukha	face
mula	to start, to begin	मूल	mūla	origin
mulia	noble, honorable	मूल्य	mūlya	worth
nadi	blood vessel	नदि	nadi	stream, river
naga	dragon, nāga	नाग	nāga	serpent deities
nama	name	नामन्	nāman	name
nawa- (b.m.)	nine	नव	nava	nine
negara	country	नगर	nagara	city
negeri	city (lit.)	नगरी	nagarī	city (fem.)
neraca	scale, balance	नाराच	nārāca	metre
neraka	hell, underworld	नरक	naraka	naraka
nirwana	an ideal condition of harmony or joy	निर्वाण	nirvana	nirvana
niskala	amorph, abstract	निश्चल	niścala	immovable; steady; unal terable, immutable
nyata	1. clearly shown, 2. real, 3. proven	नियत	niyata	Constant, Ascertained, Positive
paduka	foot, footwear	पादुक	pāduka	shoe, slipper
paduka	honorary title for official, nobility, or king	पादुका	pādukā	impression of the feet of a god or a holy person	for the idea, see Ciaruteun inscription.
pahala	merit, reward (for moral conduct)	फल	phala	fruits, of results
paksa	to force	पक्ष	pakṣa	side, faction, partisan, adherent, army, position
pala	Myristica fragrans (nutmeg)	फल	phala	fruits, of results	see pahala.
panca- (b.m.)	five	पञ्च	pañca	five
pariwisata	tourism	परि विशति	pari viśati	around enter	to enter around
patih, -pati	1. obedient, submissive 2. Lord (government)	पति	pati	master, owner	see bupati.
pekerti	character, nature	प्रकृति	prakṛti	origin, character, nature, pattern
pendapa, pendopo	hall	मण्डप	maṇḍapa	open hall, pavilion, temple	through Javanese pendhapa
pendeta	priest	पण्डित	paṇḍita	learned, scholar, skilled
penjara	prison	पञ्जर	pañjara	cage
percaya	believe	प्रत्ययः	pratyayaḥ	familiarity
perdana	first	प्रधान	pradhāna	first, chief
perkara	problem, affairs	प्रकार	prakāra	difference, similitude
perkasa	powerful, forceful, manly	प्रकाश	prakāśa	shining, manifest, renowned
perkosa	rape	प्रकाश	prakāśa	shining, manifest, renowned
perpustakaan	library	पुस्तक	pustaka	book, manuscript	see pustaka with circumfix per⟩...⟨an
pertama	first	प्रथम	prathama	first
pertiwi	Mother Earth	पृथ्वी	pṛthvī pṛthivī	Prithvi, Hindu earth deity
perwira	high-ranked military official	प्रवीर	pravīra	brave or eminent man, hero, chief
pra (b.m.)	pre-	प्रा	pra	before, forward to, in front of, on, forth
prabu	king (title)	प्रभु	prabhu	master, lord, king
prakarya	handworks	प्रकार्य	prakārya	to be manifested
praja	city, state	प्रजा	prajā	people, subject (of prince), child
pria	man/men	प्रिय	priya	beloved, dear
puasa	fasting	उपवास	upavāsa	fasting, abstinence
puja	worship, adore	पूजा	pūjā	worship, respect, homage of superiors or adoration of the gods
puji	praise	पूजा	pūjā	worship, respect, homage of superiors or adoration of the gods	see puja
punya	have, possessive verb	पुण्य	puṇya	merit, virtue
pura	Hindu temple, city	पुर	pura	city/walled enclosure
purba	ancient	पूर्व	pūrva	former, ancient, old, etc.
puri	palace	पुर	pura	city/walled enclosure
purna- (b.m.)	complete, finished	पूर्ण	pūrṇa	finished, complete, satisfied	see also sempurna, purnama
purnama	full moon, a month	पूर्णमा	pūrṇamā	full-moon (day)
pustaka	book	पुस्तक	pustaka	book, manuscript
puspa	flower (poetic)	पुष्प	puṣpa	flower
putra, putera	son, prince	पुत्र	putra	son
putri, puteri	daughter, princess	पुत्री	putrī	princess
raga	body	राग	rāga	color, feeling, beauty
rahasia	secret	रहस्यं	rahasya	secret
raja	king	राजन्	rāja	king
rajalela	rage, raging, at large, rampant	राज लीला	raja līlā	king play
raksasa	giant, monster	राक्षस	rākṣasa	beast-like demon
randa, rangda	widow	रण्डा	raṇḍā	widow	see janda.
rani	queen	राज्ञी राणी	rājñī rāṇī	queen	rāṇī (राणी) is corruption of rājñī (राज्ञी).
rasa	emotion, feeling, taste	रस	rasa	to love, flavor, taste
ratna	jewel, gemstone (poetic)	रत्न	ratna	jewel, gem
resmi	official	रश्मि	raśmi	string, leash, ray of light	in Sanskrit, रश्मि (raśmi) is synonym of पक्ष (pakṣa).
rupa	look, appearance	रूप	rūpa	form, likeness
sabda	proclamation (poetic)	शब्दः	śabda	voice, speech
sadu	best	साधु	sādhu	good, excellent
sahaya	servant	साहाय्य	sāhāyya	help, assistance
saksi	witness	साक्षिन्	sākṣin	witness
sakti	powerful	शक्ति	śakti	power, energy
sama	same	सम	sama	same, equal
samudra	ocean	समुद्र	samudra	ocean
sandi	sandhi	संधि	saṃdhí	joining
sandiwara	drama		sāndīvara	drama
sangga	1. monastic community of bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns), see Sangha. 2. smallest unit in Scouting	संघ	saṃgha	association, clerical community, brotherhood of monks
sapta- (b.m.)	seven	सप्त	sapta	seven
sarira	body	शरीरं	śarīraṃ	body	via Javanese word sarira
sasana	training hall	शासन	śāsana	teaching, order, ruling
sastra	literature	शास्त्र	śāstra	scripture, teaching, order, book
satwa	fauna, animals	सत्त्व	sattva	sentint being, "that which is", existence
sederhana	simple	साधारण	sādhāraṇa	common, ordinary
seka	wipe, rub	निषेक	niṣēka	wash
semadi, samadi, semedi, samedi	meditation, contemplation	समाधि	samādhi	deep meditation, silenece, religious vow
semesta	whole, total	समस्त	samasta	united, whole, all
sempurna	perfect	सम्पूर्ण	sampūrṇa	entirely, complete
sengsara	suffering	संसार	saṃsāra	continuous flow of reincarnation
senjata	weapon, arms	संयत्त	saṃyatta	prepared, ready, being on one's guard
senopati	general, military leader (archaic)	सेनापति	senāpati	senā "military" + pati "leader"
serakah	greedy		śraka	greedy
serba	all, everything, complete	सर्व	sarva	all or everything
seru	to call loudly	श्रु	śru	to be heard
seteru	enemy	शत्रु	śatru	enemy
setia	loyal, truthful	सत्य सती	satya satī	truth, correct, sincere, faithful faithful wife
sila	base, courtesy, moral	शील	śīla	habit, custom, usage, character, moral precept	can mean cross-legged sitting or refined order
singa	lion	सिंहः	siṃha	lion, breavest, king, ruler
singgasana	throne	सिंहासन	siṃhāsana	the lion throne	Lion is allusion to king.
siswa	(school) student	शिष्यः	śiṣyah	student	for tertiary education student, see mahasiswa.
sri	title for king	श्री	śrī	1. Prefix to the names, 2. Fortune, prosperity, success, thriving, 3. Light
stupa	stupa	स्तूप	stūpa	heap, a pile of earth
suaka	asylum, sanctuary	सेवक	sevaka	servant, employee, follower
suami	husband	स्वामि	svāmī	master, lord, husband
suara	sound	स्वर	svara	sound, voice, accent, musical tone or note
suci	clean, holy	शुचि	śuci	clean, pure, correct
suka	like, happy	सुख	sukha	easy, pleasant, comfortable, happy
sukma	soul	सूक्ष्म	sūkṣma	subtle, atomic
sunyi	quiet (situation)	शून्य	śūnya	zero, nothing
surga	heaven	स्वर्ग	svarga	heaven
surya	sun (poetic), solar	सूर्य	sūrya	Surya, Hindu sun god
susila	modesty, appropriate	सुशील	suśīla	good character
swa- (b.m.)	do something by oneself	स्व	sva-	self, own
tapa	asceticism, meditation, self-discipline	तप	tapa	tapas
tata	order, to arrange	तथा	tathā	thus, in that manner
tenaga	energy, power	तानयति	tānayati	to extend
tri- (b.m.)	three (cardinal)	त्रि	tri	three
ubah	change	उभा	ubhā	erect
udara	air	उदार	udāra	rising fog or vapour, raising, sublime
upacara	ceremony	उपचार	upacāra	ceremony, religious ritual
usaha	effort	उत्साह	utsāha	effort, thread, happiness, firmness
usia	age	आयुष	āyuṣa	life-span
utama	ultimate, the most important, foremost	उत्तम	uttama	upmost, highest, first or best
utara	north	उत्तर	uttara	north
wacana	verbal communication, conversation	वचन	vacana	speech
wadah	container	आधारः	ādhāraḥ	container
wahana	ride, vehicle	वहन	vahana	conducting, carrying, bearing
wana	forest (poetic)	वन	vana	forest
wangsa	dynasty, royal house	वंश	vaṁśa	lineage
wanita	woman, lady	वनिता	vanitā	wife, woman
waras	sane, mentally healthy	वर	vara	best, excellent, most beautiful
warga	1. members of family, society, etc., 2. social stratification (uncommon)	वर्ग	varga	class, tribe, club
warna	colour	वर्ण	varṇa	colour
warta	news	वार्ता	varta	news	see berita.
wibawa	1. authority, influence, 2. power	विभवः	vibhavaḥ	power
widyaiswara	teacher	विद्या ईश्वर	vidya īshvara	learning master
wihara	Buddhist Temple	विहार	vihāra	Buddha or Jaina convent	see biara.
wira	hero, brave	वीर	vīra	heroic, brave
wisesa	supreme leader, supreme power	विशेष	viśēṣa	excellence, superiority
wreda, werda	1. old age, geriatric 2. experienced	वृद्ध	vṛddha	1. old, 2. wise
yoga	Yoga	योगः	yoga	Yoga
yudha	war, battle (poetic)	युद्ध	yuddha	battle