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This article is about the structures that hold Broadway theatre productions. For the style of theatre, see Broadway theatre. For the eponymous venue, see Broadway Theatre (53rd Street). For other uses, see Broadway Theatre (disambiguation).

A view of 45th street showing the marquees of several theaters
The Minskoff Theatre, Booth Theatre, Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre, Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre, and John Golden Theatre on West 45th Street in Manhattan's Theater District

There are 41 active Broadway theaters listed by The Broadway League in New York City, as well as eight existing structures that previously hosted Broadway theatre.[a] Beginning with the first large long-term theater in the city, the Park Theatre built in 1798 on Park Row just off Broadway, the definition of what constitutes a Broadway theater has changed multiple times.[1] The current legal definition is based on a 1949 Actors' Equity agreement with smaller theaters in New York to allow union members to perform, dividing theater spaces in the city into the system of Broadway and Off-Broadway seen today.[2][3] Current union contracts clearly spell out if a production is "Broadway" or not,[2] but the general rule is that any venue that mostly hosts legitimate theater productions, is generally within Manhattan's Theater District, and has a capacity over 500 seats is considered a Broadway theater.[4] Previous to this legal demarcation a Broadway production simply referred to a professional theatrical production performed in a theater in Manhattan, and the theaters that housed them were called Broadway theaters.[2]

While Broadway theaters are colloquially considered to be "on Broadway", only two active Broadway theaters are physically on Broadway (the Broadway Theatre and Winter Garden Theatre).[5][b] The Vivian Beaumont Theater, located in Lincoln Center, is the furthest north and west of the active theaters, while the Nederlander Theatre is the southernmost and the Belasco Theatre is the easternmost space. The oldest Broadway theaters still in use are the Hudson Theatre, Lyceum Theatre, and New Amsterdam Theatre, all opened in 1903, while the most recently constructed theater is the Lyric Theatre, built in 1998. The largest of the Broadway theaters is the 1,933-seat Gershwin Theatre, while the smallest is the 597-seat Hayes Theater.

The beginning of Broadway theater can be traced to the 19th-century influx of immigrants to New York City, particularly Yiddish, German and Italian, who brought with them indigenous and new forms of theater. The development of indoor gas lighting around this same time period allowed for the construction of permanent spaces for these novel theatrical forms. Early variety, burlesque, and minstrelsy halls were built along Broadway below Houston Street. As the city expanded north, new theaters were constructed along the thoroughfare with family-friendly vaudeville, developed by Tony Pastor, clustering around Union Square in the 1860s and 1870s, and larger opera houses, hippodromes, and theaters populating Broadway between Union Square and Times Square later in the century. Times Square became the epicenter for large scale theater productions between 1900 and the Great Depression.[1]

There is no standard date that is considered the beginning of Broadway-style theatre.[8] A few landmarks that are considered the beginning of the Broadway era include the 1866 opening of The Black Crook at Niblo's Garden, considered the first piece of American style musical theater,[9][10] the 1913 founding of the Actors' Equity Association, the union for New York Theater performers, and the 1919 Actors' Equity Association strike which gave actors and performers the recognition of a "fully legitimate professional trade".[8] Mary Henderson in her book The City and the Theatre breaks down theater on the street Broadway into three time periods. "Lower Broadway" from 1850 to 1870, "Union Square and Beyond" from 1870 to 1899, and "Times Square: the First Hundred Years" (1900–2000).[8] The current official Broadway/Off-Broadway division began with the 1949 Actors' Equity agreement.[2][3]

Active Broadway theaters

[edit]

The current definition of a Broadway theater is based on the 1949 Actors' Equity agreement dividing Broadway from Off-Broadway,[2][3] but in the general psyche Broadway theaters are considered theatrical houses which host productions that can be nominated for Tony Awards.[11] The American Theater Wing and The Broadway League, as presenters of these awards, have sole discretion to include or omit theaters from the list of Tony-eligible houses, but use the same standards and criteria as Actors' Equity does.[4] The four main underlying criteria these organizations use to determine a Broadway theater are:

  • Has a capacity of over 500 seats.
  • Produces mostly legitimate theater productions.
  • Is generally within Manhattan's Theater District (the Vivian Beaumont Theater is an exception)
  • Is under an Actors' Equity "Production" contract if the theater is for-profit, or follows an Actors' Equity "LORT A" contract if the theater is run by a non-profit.[4]

The following list contains the 41 theaters listed on the Internet Broadway Database, which is run by The Broadway League, that are considered active Broadway theaters and can host productions eligible for Tony Awards.

Theater
former name(s) 		Address Opened Capacity[c] Owner/operator Productions Image Ref.
First Longest run[12] Current
Al Hirschfeld Theatre
Martin Beck Theatre (1924–2003) 		302 W. 45th St. 1924 1424 ATG Entertainment Madame Pompadour Kinky Boots Moulin Rouge! Al Hirschfeld Theatre [13]
Ambassador Theatre
New Ambassador Theatre (1980)
Ambassador Theatre (1921–1980) 		219 W. 49th St. 1921 1125 Shubert Organization The Rose Girl Chicago Chicago Ambassador Theatre. [14]
August Wilson Theatre
Virginia Theatre (1981–2005)
American Academy of Dramatic Arts (1953–1981)
ANTA Playhouse (1950–1953)
WOR Mutual Radio (1943–1950)
Guild Theatre (1925–1943) 		245 W. 52nd St. 1925 1228 ATG Entertainment Caesar and Cleopatra Jersey Boys Cabaret August Wilson Theatre. [15]
Belasco Theatre
Stuyvesant Theatre (1907–1910) 		111 W. 44th St. 1907 1018 Shubert Organization A Grand Army Man Dead End Maybe Happy Ending Belasco Theatre. [16]
Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre
Royale Theatre (1940–2005)
John Golden Theatre (1934–1940)
Royale Theatre (1927–1934) 		242 W. 45th St. 1927 1078 Shubert Organization Piggy Grease The Outsiders Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre. [17]
Booth Theatre 222 W. 45th St. 1913 766 Shubert Organization The Great Adventure Butterflies Are Free The Roommate Booth Theatre. [18]
Broadhurst Theatre 235 W. 44th St. 1917 1186 Shubert Organization Misalliance Amadeus The Hills of California Broadhurst Theatre. [19]
Broadway Theatre
Cine Roma (1937–1939)
B.S. Moss's Broadway Theatre (1935–1937)
Broadway Theatre (1933–1935)
Earl Carroll's Broadway Theatre (1932–1933)
B.S. Moss's Broadway Theatre (1930–1932)
Universal's Colony Theatre (1926–1930)
B.S. Moss's Colony Theatre (1924–1926) 		1681 Broadway 1924 1761 Shubert Organization The New Yorkers Miss Saigon The Great Gatsby Broadway Theatre. [20]
Circle in the Square Theatre 235 W. 50th St. 1972 840 Independent Mourning Becomes Electra The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee Romeo + Juliet Circle in the Square Theatre [21]
Ethel Barrymore Theatre 243 W. 47th St. 1928 1096 Shubert Organization The Kingdom of God I Love My Wife Our Town Ethel Barrymore Theatre. [22]
Eugene O'Neill Theatre
Coronet Theatre (1945–1959)
Forrest Theatre (1925–1945) 		230 W. 49th St. 1925 1066 ATG Entertainment Mayflowers The Book of Mormon The Book of Mormon Eugene O'Neill Theatre. [23]
Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre
Plymouth Theatre (1917–2005) 		236 W. 45th St. 1917 1079 Shubert Organization A Successful Calamity Come from Away The Notebook Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre. [24]
Gershwin Theatre
Uris Theatre (1972–1983) 		222 W. 51st St. 1972 1933 Nederlander Organization Via Galactica Wicked Wicked Gershwin Theatre. [25]
Hayes Theater
Helen Hayes Theatre (1983–2018)
Little Theatre (1965–1983)
Winthrop Ames Theatre (1964–1965)
Little Theatre (1959–1964)
New York Times Hall (1941–1959)
Anne Nichols' Little Theatre (1936–1941)
Little Theatre (1912–1936) 		240 W. 44th St. 1912 597 Second Stage Theater The Pigeon Gemini — Hayes Theater. [26]
Hudson Theatre
Savoy Nightclub (1981–1987)
Hudson Theatre (1903–1981) 		141 W. 44th St. 1903 975 ATG Entertainment Cousin Kate State of the Union Once Upon a Mattress Hudson Theatre. [27]
Imperial Theatre 249 W. 45th St. 1923 1443 Shubert Organization Mary Jane McKane Les Misérables Water for Elephants Imperial Theatre. [28]
James Earl Jones Theatre
Cort Theatre (1912–2022) 		138 W. 48th St. 1912 1084 Shubert Organization Peg O' My Heart The Magic Show Left on Tenth James Earl Jones Theatre. [29]
John Golden Theatre
Theatre Masque (1927–1937) 		252 W. 45th St. 1927 805 Shubert Organization Puppets of Passion Avenue Q Stereophonic John Golden Theatre. [30]
Lena Horne Theatre
Brooks Atkinson Theatre (1960–2022)
Mansfield Theatre (1929–1960)
Lew Fields' Mansfield Theatre (1928–1929)
Mansfield Theatre (1926–1928) 		256 W. 47th St. 1926 1094 Nederlander Organization The Night Duel Waitress Six Brooks Atkinson Theater. [31]
Longacre Theatre 220 W. 48th St. 1913 1091 Shubert Organization Are You a Crook? Children of a Lesser God Swept Away Longacre Theatre. [32]
Lunt-Fontanne Theatre
Globe Theatre (1910–1957) 		205 W. 46th St. 1910 1519 Nederlander Organization The Old Town Beauty and the Beast Death Becomes Her Lunt-Fontanne Theatre. [33]
Lyceum Theatre
New Lyceum Theatre (1903) 		149 W. 45th St. 1903 922 Shubert Organization The Proud Prince Born Yesterday Oh, Mary! Lyceum Theatre. [34]
Lyric Theatre
Foxwoods Theatre (2010–2014)
Hilton Theatre (2005–2010)
Ford Center for the Performing Arts (1998–2005) 		214 W. 43rd St. 1998 1622 ATG Entertainment Ragtime Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Lyric Theatre. [35]
Majestic Theatre 245 W. 44th St. 1927 1645 Shubert Organization Rufus LeMaire's Affairs The Phantom of the Opera — Majestic Theatre. [36]
Marquis Theatre 210 W. 46th St. 1986 1612 Nederlander Organization Shirley Bassey Me and My Girl — Marquis Theatre. [37]
Minskoff Theatre 200 W. 45th St. 1973 1710 Nederlander Organization Irene The Lion King The Lion King Minskoff Theatre. [38]
Music Box Theatre 239 W. 45th St. 1921 1009 Shubert Organization Music Box Revue (1921) Dear Evan Hansen Suffs Music Box Theatre. [39]
Nederlander Theatre
Trafalgar Theatre (1979–1980)
Billy Rose Theatre (1959–1979)
National Theatre (1921–1959) 		208 W. 41st St. 1921 1235 Nederlander Organization Swords Rent — Nederlander Theatre. [40]
Neil Simon Theatre
Alvin Theatre (1927–1983) 		250 W. 52nd St. 1927 1467 Nederlander Organization Funny Face Hairspray MJ the Musical Neil Simon Theatre. [41]
New Amsterdam Theatre 214 W. 42nd St. 1903 1747 Disney Theatrical Group A Midsummer Night's Dream The Lion King Aladdin New Amsterdam Theatre. [42]
Palace Theatre 160 W 47th St 1913 1743 Nederlander Organization Miss Civilization Beauty and the Beast Tammy Faye Palace Theatre. [43]
Richard Rodgers Theatre
46th Street Theatre (1932–1990)
Chanin's 46th Street Theatre (1925–1932) 		226 W. 46th St. 1925 1400 Nederlander Organization The Greenwich Village Follies (1925) Hamilton Hamilton Richard Rodgers Theatre. [44]
Samuel J. Friedman Theatre
Biltmore Theatre (1925–2008) 		261 W. 47th St. 1925 650 Manhattan Theatre Club Easy Come, Easy Go Hair — Samuel J. Friedman Theatre. [45]
Shubert Theatre 225 W. 44th St. 1913 1460 Shubert Organization Hamlet A Chorus Line Hell's Kitchen Shubert Theatre. [46]
Stephen Sondheim Theatre
Henry Miller's Theatre (1998–2010)
Kit Kat Klub (1998)
Club Expo (1994–1997)
City (1991–1994)
Shout (1985–1991)
Xenon (1978–1984)
Avon-at-the-Hudson (1972–1978)
Park-Miller Theatre (1970–1972)
Henry Miller's Theatre (1918–1970) 		124 W. 43rd St. 1918 1055 Roundabout Theatre Company The Fountain of Youth Beautiful: The Carole King Musical & Juliet Stephen Sondheim Theatre. [47]
St. James Theatre
Erlanger's Theatre (1927–1932) 		246 W. 44th St. 1927 1709 ATG Entertainment The Merry Malones Hello, Dolly! Sunset Boulevard St. James Theatre. [48]
Studio 54
CBS Studio No. 52 (1946–1977)
CBS Radio Playhouse No. 4 (1942–1946)
New Yorker Theatre (1939–1942)
Federal Music Theatre (1937–1939)
Palladium Theatre (1936–1937)
Casino de Paris (1933–1936)
New Yorker Theatre (1930–1933)
Gallo Opera House (1927–1930) 		254 W. 54th St. 1927 1006 Roundabout Theatre Company La Bohème Cabaret A Wonderful World Studio 54. [49]
Todd Haimes Theatre
American Airlines Theatre (2000–2023)
Selwyn Theatre (1918–2000) 		227 W. 42nd St. 1918 740 Roundabout Theatre Company Information Please The Royal Family Yellow Face Todd Haimes Theatre. [50]
Vivian Beaumont Theater 150 W. 65th St. 1965 1080 Lincoln Center Theater Danton's Death Contact McNeal Vivian Beaumont Theater. [51]
Walter Kerr Theatre
Ritz Theatre (1921–1990)
Robert F. Kennedy Children's' Theatre 		219 W. 48th St. 1921 945 ATG Entertainment Mary Stuart / A Man About Town Hadestown Hadestown Walter Kerr Theatre. [52]
Winter Garden Theatre
Cadillac Winter Garden Theatre (2002–2007)
Winter Garden Theatre (1911–2002) 		1634 Broadway 1911 1526 Shubert Organization La Belle Paree / Bow-Sing / Tortajada Cats Back to the Future: The Musical Winter Garden Theatre. [53]
Interactive map
Map
Locations of active Broadway theaters. Each individual theater is represented by a pin which when clicked on shows the name of the theater.

Existing former Broadway theaters

[edit]

There are eight theaters that once were considered Broadway houses that are still standing but no longer present Broadway theatre performances.[54]

Theater
former name(s) 		Address Opened Last Broadway production Current use Owner/operator Image Ref.
Edison Theatre
The Edison Ballroom (1991–present)
The Arena Theatre (1951–1991)
Edison Theatre (1931–1951) 		240 W. 47th St. 1931 1991
Those Were the Days 		Event space Hotel Edison the Edison Ballroom [54][55]
Ed Sullivan Theater
CBS Studio No. 50 (1950–1967)
CBS Radio Playhouse No. 1 (1936–1950)
Manhattan Theatre (1936)
Billy Rose's Music Hall (1933–1936)
Manhattan Theatre (1931–1933)
Hammerstein's Theatre (1927–1931) 		1697 Broadway 1927 1936
Help Yourself 		Television studio CBS Ed Sullivan Theater. [54][56]
Empire Theatre
Laff Movie (1942–1954)
Eltinge 42nd Street Theatre (1912–1942) 		236 W. 42nd St. 1912 1931
First Night 		Movie theater AMC Theatres Empire Theatre. [54][57]
Liberty Theatre 234 W. 42nd St. 1904 1933
Masks and Faces 		Event space Liberty Theater Catering & Events Liberty Theatre. [54][58]
New Victory Theater
The Victory (1942–1995)
Theatre Republic (1910–1942)
Belasco Theatre (1902–1910)
Theatre Republic (1900–1902) 		209 W. 42nd St. 1900 1930
Pressing Business 		Off-Broadway
Theatre for Young Audiences 		New 42nd Street New Visctory Theater. [54][59]
Sony Hall
The Diamond Horseshoe
Century Theatre (1978–1982)
Mayfair Theatre (1970–1978)
Stairway Theatre (1970)
Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe (1938–1970) 		235 W. 46th St. 1938 1982
Waltz of the Stork 		Concert venue Blue Note Entertainment Group Sony Hall [54][60][61]
Times Square Church
Mark Hellinger Theatre (1949–1989)
51st Street Theatre (1940–1949)
Hollywood Theatre (1930–1940)
Warner Brothers Theatre (1930) 		237 W. 51st St. 1930 1989
Legs Diamond 		Nondenominational church Times Square Church Times Square Church. [54][62]
Times Square Theater 217 W. 42nd St. 1920 1933
Forsaking All Others 		vacant New 42nd Street Times Square Theatre. [54][63]

Demolished Broadway theaters

[edit]

Before the Tony Awards era the definition of "Broadway Theater" was more subjective. Variety, burlesque, minstrelsy halls, vaudeville, opera houses, hippodromes, and theaters all laid claim to the moniker.[1] There are multiple historic moments considered the beginning of Broadway theatre as a style including:

  • 1866 – The Black Crook, considered the first piece of American style musical theater, opened at Niblo's Garden.[9]
  • 1919 – The newly-formed actors' union, Actors' Equity, went on a month-long strike. This strike gave actors and performers the recognition of a "fully legitimate professional trade",[8] framing this style of theater as not just being an art, but also a full trade with the actors as laborers.[64]
  • 1949 – Actors' Equity came to an agreement with smaller theaters in New York to allow union members to perform for a "token salary" alongside non-union members in their houses. This created the current legal division between Broadway and Off-Broadway theaters.[2][3]

The Internet Broadway Database lists all large venues in the general Theater District or Broadway areas of their time. The following lists organize all 95 demolished venues which hosted legitimate theater and appear on the Database. The theaters are organized into four lists based on when their last theatrical production opened compared to the three moments that may be considered the beginning of Broadway theatre. All theaters are listed by the name in use when their last theatrical production took place.

Post-1949 agreement

[edit]

The 1949 Actors' Equity agreement is the largest defining moment in the classification of Broadway theaters. It granted smaller theaters in New York the ability to hire union members to perform, as long as they were paid a "token salary", alongside non-union members in their houses. This new union contract laid out a legal division between Broadway and the newly defined Off-Broadway theaters.[2][3] The following list notes the 19 theaters that housed Broadway productions after this agreement went into effect and have since been demolished.

The Helen Hayes Theatre
The Helen Hayes Theatre was one of five theaters demolished in 1982 to make room for the New York Marriott Marquis hotel. The other four theaters were the Morosco, Bijou, and the closed Astor and Gaiety.[65]
Theater
former name(s) 		Opened Last theatre production Demolished Ref.
48th Street Theatre
Windsor Theatre (1937–1943)
48th Street Theatre (1912–1937) 		1912 1951
Jotham Valley 		1955 [66]
Bijou Theatre
Bijou Theatre (1965–1982)
Toho Cinema (1965)
D. W. Griffith Theatre (1962–1965)
CBS Studio No. 62 (1951–1962)
Bijou Theatre (1917–1951) 		1917 1981
Passionate Ladies 		1982 [67]
Center Theatre
RKO Center (1933–1934)
RKO Roxy Theatre (1932–1933) 		1932 1950
Howdy, Mr. Ice of 1950 		1954 [68]
Central Theatre
Club USA (1988–1998)
Movieland (1980–1988)
Forum 47th Street Theatre (1975–1980)
Forum Theatre (1965–1975)
Odeon Theatre (1958–1965)
Holiday Theatre (1951–1958)
Gotham Theatre (1944–1951)
Central Theatre (1934–1944)
Columbia Theatre (1934)
Central Theatre (1918–1934) 		1918 1956
Debut 		1998 [69]
Empire Theatre 1893 1953
The Time of the Cuckoo 		1953 [70]
George Abbott Theatre
54th Street Theatre (1958–1965)
Adelphi Theatre (1944–1958)
Yiddish Arts Theatre (1943–1944)
Radiant Center (1940–1943)
Adelphi Theatre (1934–1940)
Craig Theatre (1928–1934) 		1928 1970
Gantry 		1970 [71]
Harkness Theatre
RKO Colonial Theatre (1931–1974)
Hampden's Theatre (1925–1931)
New Colonial Theatre (1917–1925)
Keith's Colonial Theatre (1912–1917)
Colonial Theatre (1905–1912)
Colonial Music Hall (1905) 		1905 1977
Ipi Tombi 		1977 [72]
Helen Hayes Theatre
Folies-Bergere (1911–1955)
Fulton Theatre (1911) 		1911 1981
I Won't Dance 		1982 [73]
International Theatre
Columbus Circle (1945)
International Theatre (1944–1945)
Park Theatre (1935–1944)
Theatre of Young America (1934–1935)
Cosmopolitan Theatre (1923–1934)
Minsky's Park Music Hall (1922–1923)
Park Theatre (1911–1922)
Majestic Theatre (1903–1911) 		1903 1949
The Young and Fair 		1954 [74]
Latin Quarter
Princess Theatre (1980–1983)
22 Steps (1979–1980)
Cine Lido (1963–1979)
Latin Quarter (1942–1963)
Cotton Club (1936–1942)
Ubangi Club (1935–1936)
Palais Royal (1900–1935) 		1913 1986
Mayor 		1989 [75]
Metropolitan Opera House
New Opera House (1883–1890) 		1883 1954
A Midsummer Night's Dream 		1966 [76]
Morosco Theatre 1917 1981
The Moony Shapiro Songbook 		1982 [77]
New Apollo Theatre
Academy Theatre (1983–1996)
New Apollo Theatre (1979–1983)
Apollo Theatre (1920–1979)
Bryant Theatre (1910–1920) 		1910 1983
The Guys in the Truck 		1996 [78]
New Century Theatre
Jolson's 59th Street Theatre (1943–1944)
Molly Picon Theatre (1943)
Jolson's 59th Street Theatre (1942–1943)
Venice Theatre (1934–1942)
Shakespeare Theatre (1932–1934)
Central Park Theatre (1931–1932)
Jolson's 59th Street Theatre (1921–1931) 		1921 1954
The Azuma Kabuki Dancers and Musicians 		1962 [79]
Playhouse Theatre 1911 1967
The Impossible Years 		1969 [80]
President Theatre
Mamma Leone's restaurant (1956–1988)
Erwin Piscator's Dramatic Workshop (1955–1956)
President Theatre (1943–1955)
48th Street Theatre (1938–1943)
Show Shop (1938)
American Show Shop (1937–1938)
Acme Theatre (1937)
Artef Theatre (1934–1937)
President Theatre (1934)
Midget Theatre (1933–1934)
Caruso Theatre (1933)
Hindenburg Theatre (1932–1933)
President Theatre (1929–1932)
Edyth Totten Theatre (1926–1929) 		1926 1954
Stockade 		1988 [81]
Rialto Theatre 1916 1982
Blues in the Night 		2002 [82]
Vanderbilt Theatre 1918 1954
Ruth Draper 		1954 [83]
Ziegfeld Theatre 1927 1965
Anya 		1966 [84]

Post-1919 actors' strike

[edit]

The 1919 Actors' Equity Association strike was a turning point for the profession of acting in New York City. Actors' Equity, the union for performers and actors, founded only a few years earlier in 1913, used this month-long strike to cement acting as a "fully legitimate professional trade",[8] where the performers produced labor for a now-official industry, Broadway theatre.[64] The following list notes the 34 theaters that housed Broadway productions after this strike ended but closed before the 1949 Actors' Equity agreement.

view of Brandon Tynan at a performance during the 1919 Actors' Equity strike
Brandon Tynan during a performance to raise funds for the 1919 Actors' Equity Association strike
Theater
former name(s) 		Opened Last theatre production Demolished Ref.
39th Street Theatre
Nazimova's 39th Street Theatre (1910–1911) 		1910 1926
Laff That Off 		1926 [85]
44th Street Theatre
Weber and Fields' Music Hall (1912–1913) 		1912 1945
On the Town 		1945 [86]
49th Street Theatre
Cinema 49 (1938–1940)
49th Street Theatre (1921–1938) 		1921 1938
The Wild Duck 		1940 [87]
American Music Hall
American Theatre (1893–1908) 		1893 1939
The Girl from Wyoming 		1932[d] [88]
Astor Theatre 1906 1925
June Days 		1982 [89]
Avon Theatre
CBS Radio Playhouse No. 2 (1934–1954)
Avon Theatre (1929–1934)
Klaw Theatre (1921–1929) 		1921 1934
Tight Britches 		1954 [90]
Belmont Theatre
Theatre Parisien (1919–1920)
Belmont Theatre (1918–1919)
Norworth Theatre (1918) 		1918 1940
Mum's the Word 		1951 [91]
Broadway Theatre
Metropolitan Concert Hall (1880–1888) 		1880 1929
Broadway Fever 		1929 [92]
Casino de Paris
Century Grove (1911–1926)
Century Promenade (1909–1911)
Cocoanut Grove Theatre (1909) 		1909 1928
The Optimists 		1930 [93]
Casino Theatre 1882 1930
Faust 		1930 [94]
Casino Theatre
Casa Manana (1936–1939)
French Casino Theatre (1933–1936)
Casino Theatre (1932–1933)
Earl Carroll Theatre (1922–1932) 		1922 1933
Melody 		1990 [95]
Century Theatre
Century Opera House (1913–1915)
Century Theatre (1911–1913)
New Theatre (1909–1911)
Millionaires' Theatre (1909) 		1909 1926
The Student Prince 		1930 [96]
Charles Hopkins Theatre
Embassy 49th Street Theatre (1982–1987)
World Theatre (1935–1982)
Westminster Cinema (1934–1935)
Charles Hopkins Theatre (1926–1934)
Punch and Judy Theatre (1914–1926) 		1914 1932
Housewarming 		1987 [97]
Civic Repertory Theatre
Haverly's 14th Street Theatre (1880–1926)
14th Street Theatre (1867–1880)
Theatre Français (1866–1867) 		1866 1936
Bitter Stream 		1938 [98]
Concert Theatre
Elysee Theatre (1948–1985)
Cort's 58th Street Theatre (1946–1948)
Rock Church (1943–1946)
Concert Theatre (1942–1943)
Fine Arts (1938–1942)
Filmarte Theatre (1936–1938)
Cort's 58th Street Theatre (1935–1936)
John Golden Theatre (1926–1935) 		1926 1942
Of V We Sing 		1985 [99]
Criterion Theatre
Vitagraph Theatre (1914–1916)
Criterion Theatre (1899–1914)
Olympia Theatre: Lyric (1895–1899) 		1895 1920
The Letter of the Law 		1935 [100]
Daly's 63rd Street Theatre
Experimental Theatre (1936–1938)
Gilmore's 63rd Street Theatre (1934–1936)
Park Lane Theatre (1932–1934)
Recital Theatre (1932)
Coburn Theatre (1928–1932)
Daly's 63rd Street Theatre (1922–1928)
63rd Street Music Hall (1921–1922)
Cort's 63rd Street Theatre (1921)
63rd Street Music Hall (1914–1921) 		1914 1941
Ghost for Sale 		1957 [101]
Fay's Bowery Theatre
Thalia Theatre (1879–1929)
Bowery Theatre (1828–1879)
New York Theatre (1826–1828) 		1826 1929
Under the Gaslight 		1929 [102]
Fifth Avenue Theatre
New Fifth Avenue Theatre (1873–1877)
St. James Theatre (1870–1873)
Gilsey's Apollo Hall (1868–1870) 		1868 1935
Bertha, the Sewing Machine Girl 		1939 [103]
Gaiety Theatre
Embassy Five Theatre (1978–1982)
Victoria Theatre (1943–1978)
Gaiety Theatre (1908–1943) 		1908 1932
Collision 		1982 [104]
Garrick Theatre
Theatre du Vieux Columbier (1917–1919)
Garrick Theatre (1895–1917)
Harrigan's Theatre (1890–1895) 		1890 1930
Winter Bound 		1932 [105]
George M. Cohan's Theatre 1911 1933
The Dubarry 		1938 [106]
Hippodrome Theatre 1905 1936
Jumbo 		1939 [107]
Jardin de Paris
New York Roof (1905–1907)
Cherry Blossom Grove (1900–1905)
Winter Garden Theatre (1895–1900)
Olympia Theatre: Roof Garden (1895) 		1895 1911
Ziegfeld Follies of 1911 		1935 [108]
Knickerbocker Theatre
Abbey's Theatre (1893–1896) 		1893 1929
Sweet Land of Liberty 		1930 [109]
Lewisohn Stadium of City College of New York 1915 1936
The Tsar's Bride 		1973 [110]
Lyric Theatre 1903 1934
Gypsy Blonde 		1934 [111]
Maxine Elliott's Theatre
CBS Studio No. 51 (1949–1960)
CBS Radio Playhouse No. 5 (1944–1949)
WOR Mutual Radio (1941–1944)
Maxine Elliott's Theatre (1908–1941) 		1908 1948
Ballet Ballads 		1960 [112]
Mercury Theatre
Artef Theatre (1940–1942)
Mercury Theatre (1937–1940)
Comedy Theatre (1913–1937)
Collier's Comedy Theatre (1910–1913)
Comedy Theatre (1909–1910) 		1909 1939
Tell My Story 		1942 [113]
Nora Bayes Theatre
Lew Fields' 44th Street Roof Garden (1913–1918) 		1913 1939
First American Dictator 		1945 [114]
Princess Theatre
Cinema Verdi (1952–1955)
Little Met (1948–1952)
Cinema Dante (1947–1948)
Princess Theatre (1944–1947)
Labor Stage Theatre (1937–1944)
Reo Cinema (1930–1937)
Assembly Theatre (1929–1930)
Princess Theatre (1929)
Lucille La Verne Theatre (1928–1929)
Princess Theatre (1913–1928) 		1913 1947
Virginia Reel 		1955 [115]
Sam H. Harris Theatre
Cohan and Harris (1916–1921)
Candler Theatre (1914–1916) 		1914 1933
Pigeons and People 		1996 [116]
Waldorf Theatre 1926 1933
Dangerous Corner 		1968 [117]
Wallack's Theatre
Wallack's Theatre (1924–1940)
Frazee Theatre (1920–1924)
Harris Theatre (1911–1920)
Hackett Theatre (1906–1911)
Lew M. Fields Theatre (1904–1906) 		1904 1930
Find the Fox 		1997 [118]

Post-1866 Black Crook production

[edit]

In 1866 The Black Crook opened at Niblo's Garden, a theater on Broadway, near Prince Street.[9] While there are strong arguments against it, this piece is considered the first piece of American-style musical theater.[119] Whether or not it is truly the first musical, The Black Crook marks a turning point where Broadway became less about the variety, burlesque, and minstrel shows of the past, and began to be known more for the large-scale book musical which still reigns today.[120][119]

The following list notes the 30 theaters that housed Broadway productions after The Black Crook opened but closed before the 1919 Actors' Equity strike.

Exterior of Niblo's Garden
The exterior of Niblo's Garden, where The Black Crook opened in 1866
Theater
former name(s) 		Opened Last theatre production Demolished Ref.
Abbey's Park Theatre
New Park Theatre (1874–1876) 		1847 1882
Divorçons 		1882 [121]
Academy of Music 1854 1912
The Girl from Brighton 		1926 [122]
Bandbox Theatre
Adolf Philipp's Fifty-Seventh Street Theatre (1912–1914) 		1912 1917
Nju 		1969 [123]
Barnum's New American Museum
Buckley's Opera House (1953–1965)
Chinese Rooms (1950–1953) 		1850 1866
Jack and Gill Went Up the Hill 		1868 [124]
Bijou Theatre
Brighton Theatre (1878–1881) 		1878 1912
The Truth Wagon 		1915 [125]
Broadway Theatre
Wallack's Lyceum Theatre (1852–1861)
Brougham's Lyceum Theatre (1850–1852) 		1850 1868
A Flash of Lightning 		1869 [126]
Circle Theatre 1901 1910
The Chocolate Soldier 		1954 [127]
Daly's Theatre
Broadway Theatre (1876–1879)
Wood's Museum and Metropolitan (1868–1876)
Banvard's Museum (1867–1868) 		1867 1912
The Drone 		1920 [128]
Garden Theatre
Madison Square Garden (1880–1890)
Gilmore's Garden (1870?–1880) 		1870? 1917
Three Plays for a Negro Theater 		1925 [129]
Grand Opera House
Pike's Opera House (1868–1869) 		1868 1915
Jack's Romance 		1960 [130]
Herald Square Theatre
New Park Theatre (1883–1894) 		1883 1908
The Worth of a Woman 		1915 [131]
Hoyt's Theatre
Madison Square Theatre (1879–1891)
Daly's Fifth Avenue Theatre (1869–1879)
Brougham's Theatre (1868–1869)
Fifth Avenue Opera House (1865–1868) 		1865 1912
Everywoman 		1908 [132]
Koster and Bial's Music Hall
Bon Ton (1920–1924)
Koster and Bial's Music Hall (1879–1920)
Bryant's Opera House (1870–1879) 		1870 1901
Nell Gwynne 		1924 [133]
Lyceum Theatre 1885 1902
The Girl and the Judge 		1902 [134]
Madison Square Roof Garden 1890 1908
Ski-Hi 		1925 [135]
Manhattan Theatre
Standard Theatre (1878–1897)
Eagle Variety (1875–1878) 		1875 1907
The Mills of the Gods 		1909 [136]
New Bowery Theatre 1859 1867
Little Boy Blue 		1866 [137]
New Theatre Comique
Globe Theatre (1870–1881)
Worrell Sisters' New York Theatre (1867–1870)
New York Theatre (1866–1867)
Lucy Rushton's New York Theatre (1865–1866)
Athenaeum (1865) 		1865 1868
Pickwick Papers 		1884 [138]
Olympia Theatre
Loew's New York (1915–1935)
New York Theatre (1913–1915)
Moulin Rouge (1912–1913)
New York Theatre (1899–1912)
Olympia Theatre: Music Hall (1895–1899) 		1895 1914
The Traffic 		1935 [139]
Niblo's Garden 1829 1894
A Tale of Corsica 		1895 [9]
Olympic Theatre
Laura Keene's Theatre (1856–1863) 		1856 1879
Assommoir 		1880 [140]
Paradise Roof Garden
Venetian Terrace Roof Garden (1899–1900) 		1899 1903
Punch, Judy & Company 		1935 [141]
Princess Theatre
Hermann's Gaiety Theatre (1890–1902)
San Francisco Music Hall (1875–1890)
Jack's Theatre
Theatre Comique
Jonah Theatre 		1875 1907
A Doll's House 		1907 [142]
Savoy Theatre
Schley Music Hall (1900) 		1900 1910
Children of Destiny 		1933 [143]
Star Theatre
Wallack's Theatre (1861–1880) 		1861 1901
The Convict's Daughter 		1901 [144]
Theatre Comique
Wood's Minstrel Hall (1862–1869) 		1862 1872
Ixion 		1872 [145]
Victoria Theatre
Rialto Theatre (1916–1935)
Victoria Theatre (1899–1916) 		1899 1904
Lew Dockstader's Minstrels 		1915 [146]
Wallack's Theatre
Palmer's Theatre (1888–1895)
Wallack's Theatre (1882–1888) 		1882 1915
The Doctor's Dilemma 		1915 [147]
Weber's Music Hall
Weber and Fields' Broadway Music Hall (1896–1906)
Imperial Music Hall (1892–1896) 		1892 1913
Alibi Bill 		1917 [148]
Winter Garden Theatre
Burton's New Theatre (1856–1859)
Laura Keene's Variety House (1854–1856)
Metropolitan Hall (1851–1854)
Jenny Lind Hall (1850–1851)
Tripler Hall (1850) 		1850 1867
The Merchant of Venice 		1867 [149]

Pre-musical

[edit]

The following list notes the 12 theaters that housed Broadway productions from the beginning of theater in New York City but closed before the opening of The Black Crook.

Before the advent of the musical there were multiple theaters in New York that claimed the moniker of "Broadway", including an 1847 theater named the Broadway Theatre.[150] While most early theaters were short-lived and housed touring productions from Europe, that changed with the construction of the Park Theatre in 1798.[1] These newly constructed, long-term theaters grew in number through the nineteenth century, clustered around Broadway, and began hosting a wide array of ethnic and new forms of entertainment.[1]

The Park theater and surrounding neighborhood.
The Park Theatre and surrounding neighborhood c. 1830
Theater
former name(s) 		Opened Last theatre production Demolished Ref.
American Theatre
Broadway Boudoir (1860–1864)
Fellow's Opera House (1854–1860) 		1854 1864
The House That Jack Built 		1866 [151]
Anthony Street Theatre
Pavilion Theatre (1816–1820)
Olympic Theatre (1814–1816) 		1800 1820
Virginius 		1821 [152]
Barnum's American Museum 1841 1865
The Green Monster 		1865 [153]
Booth's Theatre 1869 1838
The Outlaw 		1965 [154]
Broadway Theatre 1847 1856
King Charming 		1859 [150]
Burton's Chambers Street Theatre
Ferdinand Palmo's Opera House (1844–1848) 		1844 1860
The Romance of a Poor Young Man 		1876 [155]
John Street Theatre
Theatre Royal (1775–1777)
John Street Theatre (1767–1775) 		1767 1796
Edwin and Angelina 		1797 [156]
Nassau Street Theatre
Van Dam Theatre (1750)
New Theatre (1732–1750) 		1732 1754
King Lear 		1758 [157]
National Theatre
Italian Opera House (1833–1839) 		1833 1853
Uncle Tom's Cabin 		1841 [158]
Olympic Theatre 1837 1848
A Glance at New York In 1848 		1854 [159]
Park Theatre
New Theatre (1798–1799) 		1798 1848
Met-A-Mora 		1848 [160]
Richmond Hill Theatre
New York Opera House (1834–1849)
Italian Opera House (1832–1834)
Richmond Hill Theatre (1831–1832) 		1831 1832
The Hunchback 		1849 [161]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The theatre versus theater spelling reflects that, of these 49 extant properties, 47 do (or did) use "Theatre" as the proper noun in their name. Of the 144 total venues in this list article, 130 use/used "Theatre", 12 did not use any variation of the word, and only two solely used "Theater"
  2. ^ The Palace Theatre had an entrance on Broadway until 2018, when it closed for renovation;[6] its new entrance will be on 47th Street.[7]
  3. ^ All capacity numbers are approximate per the source.
  4. ^ Conflicting records. according to IBDB, "Records indicate it was razed in 1932, but it may have hosted productions through the 1930s".[88]

References

[edit]
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  142. ^ Princess Theatre Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  143. ^ Savoy Theatre Archived 2020-02-23 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  144. ^ Star Theatre Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  145. ^ Wood's Minstrel Hall Archived 2020-11-28 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  146. ^ Rialto Theatre Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  147. ^ Wallack's Theatre Archived 2019-12-04 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  148. ^ Weber's Music Hall Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  149. ^ Winter Garden Theatre Archived 2020-03-30 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  150. ^ a b Broadway Theatre Archived 2020-03-30 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  151. ^ American Theatre Archived 2020-03-28 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  152. ^ Anthony Street Theatre Archived 2020-03-28 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  153. ^ Barnum's American Museum Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  154. ^ Booth's Theatre Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  155. ^ Burton's Chambers Street Theatre Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  156. ^ John Street Theatre Archived 2020-08-03 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  157. ^ Nassau Street Theatre Archived 2020-03-30 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  158. ^ National Theatre Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  159. ^ Olympic Theatre Archived 2020-03-30 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  160. ^ Park Theatre Archived 2020-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  161. ^ New York Opera House Archived 2020-03-30 at the Wayback Machine. Internet Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
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