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Adenophora

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Ladybells
Adenophora sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Subfamily: Campanuloideae
Genus: Adenophora
Fisch. (1823)
Synonyms[1]

Floerkea Spreng. (1818), illegitimate homonym, not Willd. 1801 nor Raf. 1808

Adenophora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, the bellflowers. Plants of this genus are known commonly as ladybells.[2] Most of the species in the genus are native to eastern Asia, with a few in Europe. Many are endemic to either China or Siberia.[1][3]

Description

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These plants are perennial herbs, often with thick, fleshy roots. The stem usually grows erect from a caudex. There are usually several basal leaves borne on long petioles. The leaves on the stem are alternately arranged in most species. Flowers are solitary or borne in cymes. The corolla of the flower is bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular, with five lobes.[3] The corollas of most species are blue.[2] There is a characteristic nectar disc at the base of the stamens.[3]

Species

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68 species are accepted.[4] They include:[1][3][5]

Adenophora nikoensis
Adenophora triphylla var. japonica
  1. Adenophora amurica C.X.Fu & M.Y.Liu – Heilongjiang
  2. Adenophora biformifolia Y.Z.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
  3. Adenophora biloba Y.Z.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
  4. Adenophora borealis D.Y.Hong & Y.Z.Zhao – Inner Mongolia and Hebei
  5. Adenophora brevidiscifera D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
  6. Adenophora capillaris Hemsl. – Chongqing, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
  7. Adenophora changaica Gubanov & Kamelin – Mongolia
  8. Adenophora coelestis Diels – Sichuan, Yunnan
  9. Adenophora contracta (Kitag.) J.Z.Qiu & D.Y.Hong – Liaoning, Inner Mongolia
  10. Adenophora cordifolia D.Y.Hong – Henan
  11. Adenophora daqingshanica Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
  12. Adenophora dawuensis D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
  13. Adenophora delavayi (Franch.) D.Y.Hong – northwestern Yunnan
  14. Adenophora divaricata Franch. & Sav. – spreading-branch ladybell[6] – Honshu, Shikoku, Korea, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi
  15. Adenophora elata Nannf. – Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
  16. Adenophora fusifolia Y.N.Lee – South Korea
  17. Adenophora gmelinii (Biehler) Fisch. (synonym Adenophora taquetii H.Lév) – narrow-leaf ladybell, Jejudo ladybell[6] – Buryatiya, Chita, Amur, Primorye, Mongolia, Korea, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
  18. Adenophora golubinzevaeana Reverd. – Krasnoyarsk
  19. Adenophora grandiflora Nakai – big-flower ladybell[6] – Korea
  20. Adenophora hatsushimae Kitam. – Kyushu
  21. Adenophora himalayana Feer – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Nepal, northern India, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan
  22. Adenophora hubeiensis D.Y.Hong – Hubei
  23. Adenophora × izuensis H.Ohba & S.Watan. – Honshu
  24. Adenophora jacutica Fed. – Yakutiya
  25. Adenophora jasionifolia Franch. – Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
  26. Adenophora khasiana (Hook.f. & Thomson) Collett & Hemsl. (syn. A. bulleyana Diels) – Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
  27. Adenophora lamarckii Fisch. – Lamark's ladybell[6] – Irkutsk, Altai, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Korea
  28. Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A.DC. – lily-leaf ladybell[6] – central and eastern Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Italy, etc.) east to Xinjiang
  29. Adenophora liliifolioides Pax & K.Hoffm. – Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet
  30. Adenophora linearifolia D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
  31. Adenophora lobophylla D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
  32. Adenophora longipedicellata D.Y.Hong – Chongqing, Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan
  33. Adenophora maximowicziana Makino – Shikoku
  34. Adenophora micrantha D.Y.Hong – Inner Mongolia
  35. Adenophora morrisonensis Hayata – Taiwan
  36. Adenophora nikoensis Franch. & Sav. – Honshu
  37. Adenophora ningxianica S.Ge & D.Y.Hong[7] – Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia
  38. Adenophora palustris Kom. – marsh ladybell[6] – Jilin, Korea, Honshu
  39. Adenophora pereskiifolia (Fisch. ex Schult.) G.Don (synonyms Adenophora kayasanensis Kitam. and Adenophora racemosa J.Lee & S.Lee) – Manchurian ladybell, Korean ladybell, racemose ladybell, Gayasan ladybell[6] – Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Amur, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Chita, Buryatiya
  40. Adenophora petiolata Pax & K.Hoffm. – Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang
  41. Adenophora pinifolia Kitag. – Liaoning
  42. Adenophora polyantha Nakai – many-flower ladybell[6] – Korea, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi
  43. Adenophora potaninii Korsh. – Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan
  44. Adenophora probatovae A.E.Kozhevn. – Primorye
  45. Adenophora remotidens Hemsl. – Incheon ladybell[6] – Korea
  46. Adenophora remotiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. (synonym Adenophora erecta S.Lee, Joongku Lee & S.Kim) – scattered ladybell[6] – Primorye, Japan, Korea, Manchuria
  47. Adenophora rupestris Reverd. – Irkutsk
  48. Adenophora rupincola Hemsl. – Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan
  49. Adenophora sajanensis Stepanov – Krasnoyarsk
  50. Adenophora sinensis A.DC. – Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi
  51. Adenophora stenanthina (Ledeb.) Kitag. – Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Altai, Amur, Irkutsk, Chita, Buryatiya, Tuva
  52. Adenophora stenophylla Hemsl. – Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria
  53. Adenophora stricta Miq. – upright ladybell[6] – Korea, Japan, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
  54. Adenophora subjenisseensis (Kurbatsky) A.V.Grebenjuk – central Siberia
  55. Adenophora sublata Kom. – Primorye, Khabarovsk
  56. Adenophora taiwaniana S.S.Ying – Taiwan
  57. Adenophora takedae Makino – Honshu
  58. Adenophora tashiroi (Makino & Nakai) Makino & Nakai – Fukue Island, Jeju-do Island
  59. Adenophora taurica (Sukaczev) Juz. – Crimea
  60. Adenophora trachelioides Maxim. – Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Zhejiang
  61. Adenophora tricuspidata (Fisch. ex Schult.) A.DC. – Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, much of Asiatic Russia
  62. Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A.DC. – giant bellflower – Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Russian Far East, Siberia
  63. Adenophora tuvinica Knjaz. – Tuva
  64. Adenophora uryuensis Miyabe & Tatew. – Hokkaido
  65. Adenophora wilsonii Nannf. – Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan
  66. Adenophora wulingshanica D.Y.Hong – Beijing
  67. Adenophora xiaoxiensis D.G.Zhang, D.Xie & X.Y.Yi – Hunan
  68. Adenophora xifengensis (P.F.Tu & Y.S.Zhou) P.F.Tu & Y.S.Zhou – Gansu

Uses

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Many Adenophora species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.[8]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adenophora.
  1. ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ a b Perry, L. Perennial Plant Feature: Ladybells. Archived 2019-05-09 at the Wayback Machine Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont Extension
  3. ^ a b c d 沙参属 sha shen shu Adenophora. Flora of China.
  4. ^ Adenophora Fisch. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
  5. ^ GRIN Species Records of Adenophora. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 364. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  7. ^ Song, G. and H. De-yuan. (1999). A new species of Chinese Adenophora (Campanulaceae). Novon 9(1) 46.
  8. ^ YouLi, H. (2010). Resource and utilization of medicinal plant of the genus Adenophora in Qinling Mountains. Medicinal Plant 1(12) 3-6.
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