Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE1), also known as extracellular link domain containing 1 (XLKD1) is a Link domain-containing hyaladherin, a protein capable of binding to hyaluronic acid (HA), homologous to CD44, the main HA receptor.[5] In humans it is encoded by the LYVE1 gene.[6]
LYVE1 is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein. It acts as a receptor and binds to both soluble and immobilized hyaluronan. This protein may function in lymphatic hyaluronan transport and have a role in tumor metastasis.[6] LYVE-1 is a cell surface receptor on lymphatic endothelial cells that can be used as a lymphatic endothelial cell marker, allowing for the isolation of these cells for experimental purposes. The physiological role for this receptor is still the subject of debate, but evolutionary conservation suggests an important role.
Expression of LYVE1 not restricted to lymph vessels but is also observed in normal liver blood sinusoids,[7] and embryonic blood vessels.[8]
LYVE1 expression is also observed in subset of macrophages.[9][10] LYVE1 positive macrophages in the meninges of rats are both lymphatic, as well as, alymphatic.[11] In brain dura, the LYVE1+ macrophages were predominantly pleomorphic in morphology, while the cells in the spinal cord were pleomorphic in the cervical dura, while in the thoracal dura the cells were mainly round in morphology. The cells in brain dura were associated with collagen network in meninges, and some nonlymphatic LYVE1+ macrophages contained intracellular collagen. The exact function of these cells is yet unknown.
^Mouta Carreira C, Nasser SM, di Tomaso E, Padera TP, Boucher Y, Tomarev SI, Jain RK (November 2001). "LYVE-1 is not restricted to the lymph vessels: expression in normal liver blood sinusoids and down-regulation in human liver cancer and cirrhosis". Cancer Research. 61 (22): 8079–84. PMID11719431.
^Lee HW, Qin YX, Kim YM, Park EY, Hwang JS, Huo GH, et al. (February 2011). "Expression of lymphatic endothelium-specific hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1 in the developing mouse kidney". Cell and Tissue Research. 343 (2): 429–44. doi:10.1007/s00441-010-1098-x. PMID21181199. S2CID1904976.
^Brezovakova V, Jadhav S (January 2020). "Identification of Lyve-1 positive macrophages as resident cells in meninges of rats". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 528 (12): 2021–2032. doi:10.1002/cne.24870. PMID32003471. S2CID210984721.
Jackson DG (January 2003). "The lymphatics revisited: new perspectives from the hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1". Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 13 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/S1050-1738(02)00189-5. PMID12554094.
Cunnick GH, Jiang WG, Gomez KF, Mansel RE (November 2001). "Lymphangiogenesis quantification using quantitative PCR and breast cancer as a model". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 288 (4): 1043–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5869. PMID11689016.
Mouta Carreira C, Nasser SM, di Tomaso E, Padera TP, Boucher Y, Tomarev SI, Jain RK (November 2001). "LYVE-1 is not restricted to the lymph vessels: expression in normal liver blood sinusoids and down-regulation in human liver cancer and cirrhosis". Cancer Research. 61 (22): 8079–84. PMID11719431.
Cursiefen C, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Küchle M, Sorokin L, Breiteneder-Geleff S, Alitalo K, Jackson D (July 2002). "Lymphatic vessels in vascularized human corneas: immunohistochemical investigation using LYVE-1 and podoplanin". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 43 (7): 2127–35. PMID12091407.
