Jump to content

The Self-determination Movement

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Lëvizja Vetëvendosje!)
The Self-determination Movement
Lëvizja Vetëvendosje
ChairmanAlbin Kurti
Parliamentary leaderMimoza Kusari-Lila (acting)
Founded12 June 2005; 19 years ago (2005-06-12)
Preceded byKosova Action Network
HeadquartersRr. Behije Dashi, nr. 31, Pristina, Kosovo
NewspaperPërballja
MembershipIncrease 36,500 (2018 est.)[1]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-left to left-wing
European affiliationParty of European Socialists (observer)
International affiliation
Colours  Crimson   Black
Slogan"With heart and mind, to self-determination!"[3]
Kuvendi
53 / 120
Mayors
6 / 38
Municipal councils
193 / 994
Sobranie (North Macedonia)
1 / 120
Party flag
Website
www.vetevendosje.org
Politics of Kosovo
Constitution and law
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Recent elections
Foreign policy

Lëvizja Vetëvendosje (Albanian pronunciation: [ləvizja vɛtəˈvɛnˈdɔsjɛ], 'Self-determination movement') (LVV) is a left-leaning social democratic political party in Kosovo.[4][5] It is a member of the Progressive Alliance, and an observer in the Party of European Socialists, and the Socialist International.

Vetëvendosje was founded in 2005 as a grassroots, anti-establishment, and pro-independence movement. It gained its initial prominence with protests against the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), and it later protested against the process of negotiations between the Kosovar delegations and Serbia over Kosovo's independence, claiming that the Kosovars' right to self-determination was not subject to Serbia's approval.[4] A major turning point for Vetëvendosje's position in Kosovo's politics took place in 2010, when the movement expanded its activity and registered as a citizen initiative at the Central Election Commission and ran for the 2010 Kosovan parliamentary election, where it established itself as the third-largest political party in Kosovo.[6]

Vetëvendosje has been described as a populist anti-establishment movement that shows hostility towards Kosovo's politicians on one hand, and international actors that have executive power over Kosovo on the other. As a result, it encourages citizens to engage in direct democracy and for the parliament to have more power over the executive.[4] It promotes a socialist and welfare-oriented public order, political and civil freedoms, as well as internal and local self-governance and self-determination. On the other hand, Vetëvendosje supports policies to strengthen Kosovo's statehood, including the strengthening of the rule of law, police, and military, which from a traditional sense would be considered right-wing ideas.[6] Despite its sovereignist stance, it still considers that Kosovo should eventually unify with Albania via a referendum, as an expression of the will of the people of Kosovo.[4][5] They have also been described as an Albanian nationalist movement, with their views being mainly framed based on Albanian history and perceived injustices done by the Serbian state to the people of Kosovo. They see all citizens of Kosovo, including Kosovo Serbs as victims of Serbia's aggression.[7][8][9]

Vetëvendosje is currently the largest political party in Kosovo, having won 58 seats in the 2021 Kosovan parliamentary election together with Vjosa Osmani's Guxo! list. It is in government in coalition with the non-Serb minorities. Vetëvendosje's leader Albin Kurti serves as the Prime Minister of Kosovo.

History

[edit]

Establishment and early actions

[edit]
"No negotiations, self-determination" graffiti behind the statue of Bill Clinton in Pristina

Vetëvendosje has its roots in the 1997-founded Kosova Action Network (KAN), a grassroots group promoting active citizenry and direct political participation of the masses.[10][11] KAN was founded in the United States by a group of international activists that supported the 1997 student protests in Kosovo against the occupation of the campus of the University of Pristina by the Yugoslav Police. During the Kosovo War, KAN participated in documenting war crimes and during 1999 and 2000 KAN campaigned for the release of Albanian prisoners of war. In 2003, KAN moved its headquarters to Kosovo.[12] On 10 June 2004, KAN activists led by Albin Kurti protested against the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), fiercely criticizing its 'undemocratic' character, due to its lack of accountability to Kosovar citizens.[4]

On 12 June 2005, KAN activists wrote the slogan "Jo Negociata - VETËVENDOSJE!" (Albanian for "No negotiations - SELF-DETERMINATION!") on the walls of UNMIK, marking the official transformation of KAN to Vetëvendosje. This was followed by the establishment of Vetëvendosje centers in most municipalities of Kosovo and in countries with a significant Albanian diaspora. On 25 July 2005, Vetëvendosje activists distributed copies of the UN Resolution 1514 in front of the UNMIK headquarters to "remind" it that Kosovo's right to independence was guaranteed by that resolution.[12]

"I vote, you vote, he/she votes, we vote, you vote, they benefit" graffiti in Pristina in 2007, calling for citizens to boycott the upcoming elections

Criticizing UNMIK would become a central theme of Vetëvendosje's activities in the following years leading up to Kosovo's independence. They attempted to delegitimize UNMIK in front of the people of Kosovo by calling it an undemocratic neo-colonial regime whose employees were unelected but nevertheless took executive decisions. They blamed UNMIK for Kosovo's market being flooded by Serbian goods and for the unemployment that resulted from the public enterprises privatization process overseen by UNMIK.[6] In other activities, Vetëvendosje activists opposed the decentralization of local government along ethnic lines and demanded the return of the bodies of missing persons from the Kosovo War, as well as an apology from Serbia for its crimes committed during the war.[12][6]

Apart from criticizing UNMIK, Vetëvendosje also criticized local politicians, arguing that they did not represent the people but instead served UNMIK and could take no decisions without UNMIK's approval.[6] In addition, it claimed that politicians in Kosovo could only be elected if they were approved by the international community. Therefore, the government was illegitimate.[4] They boycotted the 2007 Kosovan parliamentary election and asked the people not to vote.[5]

2007 demonstration

[edit]
Vetëvendosje protest against the Ahtisaari Plan in 2007

On 10 February 2007 Vetëvendosje organized a large demonstration against the Ahtisaari Plan and against the process of decentralization. The demonstration was attended by more than 60,000 people and took place in the streets of Pristina. UNMIK Riot Police were deployed after the rioters allegedly planned to storm the government offices. The UNMIK police fired tear gas and rubber bullets at the crowd, which resulted in chaos. Two protesters were killed by the police.[13] The first protester was killed while in the crowd, while the second protester was hiding from the tear gas inside Hotel Iliria when he got shot on the head. Apart from the two deaths, the protest resulted in an additional seven serious injuries and 73 minor injuries.[14] One protester who was shot next to his heart survived after a long state of coma and had to live with the projectile inside his chest until his natural death in 2020.[15]

A UNMIK internal investigation revealed that the protesters got killed by out-of-date rubber bullets that were fired from 10 of the Romanian members of the police force, but declined to file charges because it was unclear who of them had fired the fatal shots.[13] On the other hand, the leader of Vetëvendosje, Albin Kurti, got arrested and charged with three offences: leading masses of people believed to have committed criminal offences, calls for resistance, and disruption of police measures. In 2010, an EULEX judge sentenced him to 9 months in prison, but given that he had already spent 5 months in custody and another 5 in house arrest, he got released.[16][17]

Kosovo's independence and Vetëvendosje's entry into active politics

[edit]

Kosovar leaders accepted the Ahtisaari Plan and Kosovo declared its independence in February 2008. The independence was initially supervised by the European Union via its International Civilian Representative for Kosovo (ICRK). Vetëvendosje argued that Kosovo had gone from UNMIK administration to EU administration and factually nothing had changed. It also opposed the idea of Kosovo being a multi-ethnic country, stressing that with Albanians constituting over 90% of the population, Kosovo was one of the most ethnically homogenous countries in Europe, and that minorities should be integrated via socio-economic development, not by dividing people along ethnic lines.[6]

Parallel to this, Vetëvendosje started to slowly shift towards directly participating in the political scene of Kosovo. In 2010 it registered at the Central Election Commission as a 'citizen initiative', to distinguish itself from political parties and to reject accusations that it was becoming part of Kosovo's political establishment, which it had criticized until that point.[4] It would later switch to the status of a political party in 2017 in order to be allowed to enter into pre-electoral coalitions.[5]

Mergers with other parties and the split of PSD

[edit]

The New Spirit Party (Albanian: Partia Fryma e Re) merged into Vetëvendosje on 31 March 2011.[18][19] The leader of New Spirit Party, Shpend Ahmeti became vice-chairman of Vetëvendosje and he won the local elections in Pristina in 2013. He would go on to get re-elected as mayor of Pristina in 2017, before leaving Vetëvendosje soon after elections to join the Social Democratic Party of Kosovo (PSD) in early 2018.[20][21][22][23]

The Socialist Party of Kosovo, led by Ilaz Kadolli, joined Vetëvendosje on 26 April 2013.[24] Kurti and Kadolli agreed that the merger would be in the interest of building a strong political and economical state. The party had no representatives in the Kosovo Parliament, but had several in local governments.

The People's Movement of Kosovo (LPK), with its structures in Kosovo and abroad joined Vetëvendosje on 23 July 2013, as stated from both leaders Kurti and Zekaj during the press conference in Vetevendosje headquarters in Pristina: "...with the only aim to change social flow on the benefit of Albanian people".[25][26] Zekaj stated that LPK had a wide membership within Kosovo and abroad, though he didn't provide numbers.[27] LPK started in 1982 as a Marxist nationalist grouping of Albanian diaspora organizations in Western Europe and is considered the origin of the KLA.[28] Most of its leadership moved on with the newly created party Democratic Party of Kosovo of Hashim Thaçi after the war.

In 2017 and early 2018, a large number of MPs and mayors from Vetëvendosje resigned from the party and joined the already-extant PSD. Among the members who left Vetëvendosje were the former chairman of the New Spirit Party and mayor of Prishtina Shpend Ahmeti, former Vetëvendosje deputy Dardan Molliqaj, and former chairman of Vetëvendosje Visar Ymeri. They were unhappy with the idea of Albin Kurti returning as chairman and accused the party of authoritarianism. In response, Vetëvendosje members accused those leaving that they had misused the party's budget for private gain, and of having sabotaged Vetëvendosje in the 2017 Kosovan parliamentary election and the 2017 Kosovan local elections.

Party platform

[edit]

Vetëvendosje has been described as centre-left[29] and left-wing[30] that bases its program on three main axes: meritocracy, developmental state, and welfare state.[31][32] Vetëvendosje supports the free market economy with an active role of the state through ownership of key industries, export promotion and import substitution. Meritocracy, alternatively called justice state by Vetëvendosje, consists of radical transparency, checks and balances, as well as separation of powers and no interference from the government in justice. Finally, the welfare state is supposed to ensure equality of outcomes, and not just opportunities, which is achieved through progressive taxation and protection of minorities and vulnerable groups.[33] Furthermore, Vetëvendosje adheres to Albanian nationalism and populism in its policies regarding Kosovo's future, relations with Albania and ethnic Albanians in the Balkans and the wider diaspora.[34][35] It is considered as the leading nationalist party in the contemporary Albanian world, and has advocated for the protection of the Albanians in Preševo Valley and North Macedonia as well as a referendum on possible unification of Kosovo with neighbouring Albania.[36]

Justice state

[edit]

The first pillar of Vetëvendosje's political program is the justice state, through which Vetëvendosje seeks to change legislation, combat corruption and increase citizens' trust on the state institutions. Vetëvendosje wants to amend Kosovo's constitution and to remove, among others, the parts that derive from the Ahtisaari Plan, UNMIK regulations, and Yugoslav legislation. It additionally strives to ensure clear independence for the judiciary and introduce more checks and balances.[33]

Anti-corruption is one of the pillars of the justice state according to Vetëvendosje. In early 2023, the Kosovo parliament passed the Vetëvendosje-sponsored Law for the State Bureau for the Confiscation of Illegal Wealth. The law aims to give the state the means to confiscate wealth whose origin cannot be proven, thus allowing it to combat money laundering and corruption.[37] The law had been part of the party's electoral platform.[33] Vetëvendosje is also pushing for vetting in the justice system intending to remove judges and prosecutors who fail the process. In 2022, the Venice Commission advised in favor of the government's vetting plan.[38]

Developmental state

[edit]

The second pillar of Vetëvendosje's program is the developmental state model. Through the developmental state, Vetëvendosje seeks to develop the economy of Kosovo by providing fiscal support to certain sectors of the economy and protecting vital industries from foreign competition.

Vetëvendosje strives to implement progressive taxation on income and sales, as well as introduce changes of the taxes on profits.[33] Its government has already increased property taxes by increasing the valuation of residential buildings in richer areas to increase the tax base.[39] In addition, Vetëvendosje strives for Kosovo to have a common currency with Albania by abandoning the euro, and to establish a state-owned development bank.[40][33][41]

In 2023, the Vetëvendosje government established a sovereign wealth fund and is in the process of abolishing the Kosovo Privatization Agency, whose assets are being taken over by the Sovereign Fund.[42] Vetëvendosje constantly criticized the privatization process in Kosovo, calling it "a corruption model, that contributed to increasing unemployment, ruining the economy, and halting the economic development of the country".[43] The newly-established Sovereign Wealth Fund will halt the process of privatization and it will manage Kosovo's public assets, collecting dividends from profitable state enterprises and subsidizing the ones that struggle.

The Kosova B is Kosovo's main power plant and was opened in 1983. Vetëvendosje aims to replace it with green alternatives in the near future

When it comes to environmental issues, Vetëvendosje supports green alternatives to energy production despite Kosovo's endowment with large amounts of lignite. It has vocally opposed the construction of a new coal-powered plant, the Kosova C, and its government refused to connect Kosovo to the Trans Adriatic Gas Pipeline.[44][45] In 2022, the Vetëvendosje-led government issued a project for the generation of central heating energy via solar energy.[46]

The government of Vetëvendosje has increased agricultural subsidies in its first year in governance by over 200% compared to the budget of 2021.[47] It has also provided large amounts of subsidies to the Trepča Mines, which are managed by a struggling state-owned company.[48] Vetëvendosje considers agriculture and mining a vital strategic interest of Kosovo.[33]

When it comes to education, Vetëvendosje aims to adopt the dual education system, which is mostly practiced in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, countries with significant Albanian diaspora. It sees the switch to the dual education system as necessary to increase the quality of education in general.[49]

Welfare state

[edit]

The welfare state is the third pillar of Vetëvendosje's political program. Vetëvendosje wants to combat income inequality, discrimination against women and against minorities. It wants to improve the provision of healthcare services by introducing health insurance based on the Bismarck Model.[33]

Vetëvendosje wants to reform the labor law. It wants to allow fathers to take parental leave, which is allowed only for the mother by the current legislation. Vetëvendosje further seeks to limit working hours to 40 per week and to introduce severance payments for laid-off workers. It further wants to combat informal employment and to increase the power of workers' unions by changing the law on unions.[33]

Other issues

[edit]
Vetëvendosje's government has significantly increased military spending. They consider Kosovo's ability to defend itself as vital to the country's interests

Vetëvendosje sees Kosovo's ability to defend itself as vital to the country's interests, despite the presence of international peacekeepers in the country. Its government quadrupled annual military spending in 2023, compared to the year in which the party took power.[50] The party has entertained the idea of introducing mandatory military conscription in Kosovo, based on EU and NATO standards.[33][51] The party seeks to join NATO's Partnership for Peace and eventually the alliance itself.

Vetëvendosje wants Kosovo to cooperate with all countries based on the principle of reciprocity.[33][52] Vetëvendosje's government's insistence on reciprocity has even led to clashes in North Kosovo and to frictions with Kosovo's international partners, after its government decided to enforce the use of Kosovo's vehicle registration plates in the north of the country.[53]

On the issue of ethnic minorities, Vetëvendosje supports the cooperation between all ethnic groups in Kosovo. Its government coalition contains almost all minority MPs, except the Serb List, which Vetëvendosje considers a tool of Serbia's president Aleksandar Vučić to destabilize Kosovo. Instead, the Vetëvendosje government wants to cooperate with Kosovo Serbs who recognize the independence of Kosovo. Following the mass resignation of members of the Kosovo Government by the Serb List, Vetëvendosje's Kurti appointed Nenad Rašić as Minister for Communities and Returns.[54]

Vetëvendosje has been described as a nationalist party,[55] and they want to amend Kosovo's constitution to remove the third article, which forbids the unification of Kosovo with other countries. According to the leader of Vetëvendosje, Albin Kurti, Kosovo should be allowed to unify with Albania if the people express this will through a referendum.[56][57][58]

Chairman of Vetëvendosje

[edit]
# Chairman Born–Died Term start Term end Time in office
1 Albin Kurti 1975– 12 June 2005 28 February 2015 9 years, 261 days
2 Visar Ymeri 1973– 1 March 2015 2 January 2018 2 years, 307 days
3 Albin Kurti 1975– 21 January 2018 Incumbent 6 years, 306 days

Elections

[edit]

Parliamentary elections

[edit]

After five years of participating in Kosovo's political scene through protests and demonstrations, Vetëvendosje took the decision to participate in the 2010 Kosovan parliamentary election in its fifth anniversary as a political movement. After the decision was taken, Albin Kurti got arrested by EULEX in relation to the 10 February 2007 protest.[59][60][61][62] Kurti would go on and get sentenced to 9 months in prison, but given that he had already spent 5 months in custody and another 5 in house arrest for the same case, he got released.[16][17]

2010 parliamentary elections

[edit]

In December 2010, Vetëvendosje participated in the national elections of 2010 in coalition with LB and obtained 12.66% of the votes, which translated to 14 seats at the parliament.[63] Local and international observers detected many irregularities, including a participation rate of 95% certain municipalities, which were strongholds of the PDK.[64][65] Vetëvendosje and LDK contested the election results in three voting centers and the elections got repeated in three municipalities, leading to a slight increase in the vote share of Vetëvendosje.[66][67] Vetëvendosje and LB ended their coalition on 20 September 2011, after disagreements on distribution of funds. The two MPs from LB left the Vetëvendosje parliamentary group, reducing it to 12 members.[68][69]

2014 parliamentary elections

[edit]

In the 2014 elections, Vetëvendosje received 13.59% (99,397 votes), remaining the third strongest political force in the Kosovo Assembly with 16 seats.[70] Despite PDK's electoral victory, Vetëvendosje, along with the LDK-AAK-Nisma coalition, tried to thwart PDK by attempting to form a new government together.[71] A decision by the Constitutional Court of Kosovo that deemed Isa Mustafa's election as Chairman of the Assembly of Kosovo unconstitutional, led to the breakup of the LDK-AAK-Nisma coalition and LDK joining a coalition with PDK, in which Isa Mustafa assumed the position of prime minister.[72] This led to Vetëvendosje taking the role of leader of the opposition, with AAK and NISMA being part of it. The Vetëvendosje-led opposition was very aggressive, opposing the border demarcation between Kosovo and Montenegro and the formation of the Association of Serb Municipalities. LDK was accused of betraying the opposition and keeping PDK in power. The opposition organized massive demonstrations on the streets, and it used tear-gas to block meetings of the parliament.[73][74]

2017 parliamentary elections

[edit]

In the 2017 elections, Vetëvendosje received 27.49% (200,132 votes) making it the biggest political party in the Kosovo Assembly with 32 seats.[75] In comparison to the 2014 elections, Vetëvendosje doubled in size. Despite being the biggest individual party and parliamentary group, Vetëvendosje remained behind the PANA coalition and remained in opposition. In 2018, 12 MPs left Vetëvendosje and created the Group of the Independent Deputies, which would later join the Social Democratic Party of Kosovo (PSD). In addition, Vetëvendosje MP Donika Kadaj-Bujupi rejoined AAK. This split reduced the Vetëvendosje parliamentary group to 19 seats.[76]

2019 parliamentary elections

[edit]

In the early elections of 2019 which were called due to the resignation of Prime Minister at the time Ramush Haradinaj, Vetëvendosje received 26.27% (221,001 votes), remaining the biggest political party in the Kosovo Assembly with 29 seats, despite its split one year prior to the elections. Its total number of votes increased by over 10% relative to the previous election, but due to a higher participation rate, it received a smaller share of seats in the assembly. Vetëvendosje formed a coalition with LDK in February 2020 after months of negotiations, with Albin Kurti becoming prime minister of Kosovo. After a disagreement about the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, Kurti sacked the LDK minister Agim Veliu.[77] In retaliation, LDK initiated a motion of no confidence against the Kurti government, which passed at the parliament and the Kurti government was overthrown. Apart from Veliu's sacking, LDK blamed Vetëvendosje for ruining Kosovo's relations with the US, after Kurti exchanged skirmishes with the US envoy for the Kosovo-Serbia dialogue, Richard Grenell.[78][79][80] Vetëvendosje remained in opposition and Kurti with the former government ministers from Vetëvendosje could not return to the parliament because they had resigned before taking executive roles, leaving them out of Kosovo's institutional life until the next election.[81]

2021 parliamentary elections

[edit]
Results of the 2021 Kosovan parliamentary election

After the fall of the Kurti government, LDK, together with AAK, NISMA, the Serb List, and other minorities, formed a new government on 3 June 2020. The government was elected with 61 votes, which was the critical minimum required to form a government. In December 2020, the Constitutional Court deemed the LDK-led government illegal, because one of the 61 MPs that voted for it had been convicted for corruption, meaning that he had lost his valid mandate before voting for the government.[82] This led to new elections, which were held on 14 February 2021. Vetëvendosje ran together with Guxo. Because of a conviction for setting off tear gas, Albin Kurti was not allowed to run for a seat at the parliament.[83] Vetëvendosje won the elections and experienced a significant increase in its vote share, receiving 50.28% of the total votes. The common list of VV and Guxo gained 58 seats, with 51 for VV and 7 for Guxo.[84] As two elected members of Guxo joined the government and Osmani was elected President, three of the Guxo seats went to the following names on the elected list, increasing VV number to 53.[85] In April 2021, Adelina Grainca, former PDK deputy joined Vetëvendosje, increasing its number of MPs to 54.[86]

Parliamentary election results

[edit]
Year Votes % Overall
seats won 		Albanian
seats 		Position +/– Government
2010 88,652 12.69%
14 / 120
14 / 100
 Increase 3rd Increase 14 Opposition
2014 99,397 13.59%
16 / 120
16 / 100
 Steady 3rd Increase 2 Opposition
2017 200,135 27.49%
32 / 120
32 / 100
 Increase 1st Increase 16 Opposition
2019 221,001 26.27%
29 / 120
29 / 100
 Steady 1st Decrease 3 Coalition (2019–2020)
Opposition (2020–2021)
2021 438,335 50.28%
58 / 120
58 / 100
 Steady 1st Increase 29 Majority

Local elections

[edit]

2013 local elections

[edit]

Vetëvendosje participated in the 2013 local elections, which marked Vetëvendosje's first ever participation in local elections. Shpend Ahmeti from Vetëvendosje won the elections in the capital Pristina over LDK leader and former mayor Isa Mustafa. Until then, Pristina was considered a LDK stronghold.[21][22][23] Vetëvendosje managed to gain local assembly seats in most of Kosovo's municipalities, but it did not win any other mayoral race. Vetëvendosje failed to win local assembly seats in the following municipalities: Dragash, Leposavić, Zvečan, Zubin Potok, Novo Brdo, Gračanica, Mamusha, Parteš, Klokot, and North Mitrovica.[87] Overall, Vetëvendosje came fourth with a decrease in votes in comparison to the 2010 parliamentary election.[88] A session of the party's General Council was called on December 15, 2013 which between other things discussed these results as well as necessary action in response to them. According to Shpend Ahmeti's words during an interview with Top Channel, there were also changes in the statute of Vetëvendosje, which came out of the General Council meeting.[89]

2017 local elections

[edit]

In the 2017 local elections, Vetëvendosje won in won three municipalities. Vetëvendosje won a second term in Pristina with Shpend Ahmeti and also won in Prizren with Mytaher Haskuka and in Kamenica with Qendron Kastrati. Prior to Vetëvendosje's victory, Prizren was ruled by PDK for 18 years and was called PDK's 'Jerusalem'.[90] Shpend Ahmeti and Qendron Kastrati left Vetëvendosje in early 2018 after the split of the movement.[91][92] In the summer of 2019, Agim Bahtiri, mayor of Mitrovica joined Vetëvendosje.[93] After the resignation of mayor Agim Veliu, an extraordinary election was held in Podujevë on 29 November 2020. Vetëvendosje's Shpejtim Bulliqi won the election and is now the mayor of Podujeva until the regular 2021 election.[94]

2021 local elections

[edit]

Vetëvendosje participated in the 2021 local elections and won 4 municipalities and 193 municipal council positions.

After the resignation of four mayors in the north of Kosovo and the subsequent boycott by the Serb local majority, Vetëvendoje won the 2023 elections in Leposavić and North Mitrovica, with a turnout of 1.06% and 4.62%, respectively. The election result was recognized by the US and other Western countries, but groups of local Serbs refused to allow the newly-elected mayors to enter their offices. Kosovo government's decision to deploy the Special Operations Unit of the Kosovo Police to the northern municipalities to enable the mayors to enter their offices led to international backlash and a clash between Kosovo and some of its Western partners. The EU introduced some measures against the government of Kosovo.

Controversies

[edit]

Controversial political activities

[edit]
FUND - Albanian for 'End', written on a vehicle of UNMIK

Over time, Vetëvendosje has engaged in multiple controversial activities, such as "naming and shaming" of political leaders, damaging property belonging to UNMIK (and later EULEX), campaigning against the consumption of goods imported from Serbia and actively hijacking and demolishing trucks coming from Serbia, throwing paint at politicians, and other similar violent measures.[6] In 2007, Vetëvendosje activists threw rotten eggs at Boris Tadić, the president of Serbia, when he visited Kosovo. They also poured red paint on the streets leading to the presidential residence of Kosovo when Martti Ahtisaari visited Kosovo, as a symbol for the blood spilled in the Kosovo war, which, according to Vetëvendosje, Ahtisaari was walking over with his plan for Kosovo's monitored independence.[12]

In an August 2009 protest that turned violent, Vetëvendosje activists overturned and damaged 28 EULEX vehicles.[95] In March 2016, activists of Vetëvendosje overturned two trucks carrying Serbian goods in a protest against the Serbian decision not to accept Kosovo Albanian schoolbooks in the Albanian-inhabited Preševo Valley in southern Serbia.[96][97][98][99]

Similar activities continued to take place even within Kosovo's institutions, with Vetëvendosje members of parliament releasing tear gas inside the parliament chamber to prevent legislation from going through when the ruling parties had the required majority to pass the legislation.[5] Parallel to this, Vetëvendosje, in cooperation with the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo and the Social Democratic Initiative had organized some of the largest protests in Kosovo's post-independence history in front of the parliament, to exert pressure on the governing parties' MPs and prevent them from passing the legislation.

When accused that their actions were extreme, Vetëvendosje leaders claimed that what they did was "radical," but not "extreme," and that throwing eggs at politicians only looked violent because the general situation in Kosovo was calm.[7]

Madeleine Albright controversy

[edit]

On 10 December 2012, US Ambassador Tracey Ann Jacobson accused Vetëvendosje of having sent a threatening letter to former State Secretary Madeleine Albright.[100][101] Vetëvendosje officially replied four days later, stating that "they were amazed with the accusations, and Kurti never sent any letter to Mrs. Albright, but if someone had proof should make it available to the public".[102][103] They explained that they had urged citizens of Kosovo to mail to companies which were racing for the privatization of PTK while explaining to them the harm that the privatization was causing the country's economy and the wrong practices applied during the process. Apparently, one of the runners was a consortium of Portugal Telecom with Albright Capital Management,[104][105] which dropped out of the race in January 2013.[106][107][108]

"We did not threaten anyone and we definitely did not, as you claim, try to deter Ms. Albright from visiting Kosovo. Indeed, after this letter of September 1, Ms. Albright visited Kosovo in November, without the slightest opposition from VETËVENDOSJE! During her visit, she even met our deputies."[102]

2013 protest controversy

[edit]

On 27 June 2013, the movement organized a protest against the ratification of the agreement between Prime Minister of Kosovo Hashim Thaçi and Prime Minister of Serbia Ivica Dačić during the latest round of political negotiations between Pristina and Belgrade in Brussels hosted by Catherine Ashton.[109] Vetëvendosje tried to block all entrances to the parliament building, in order to hinder the assembly members from entering, thus preventing the agreement for being ratified. The protest didn't succeed, and the agreement was voted from the majority of the assembly representatives.[110][111] During the protest, U.S. ambassador Tracey Ann Jacobson resulted with an injury on her right arm[112] while entering from a secondary entrance together with some assembly members. Although the video evidence[113] showed no physical contact between protesters and ambassador, confirmed as well by LDK assemblyman Haki Demolli[114] who entered the building together with the ambassador, the incident aggravated the already difficult relationship between the U.S. State Department and Vetëvendosje. The reaction was prompt, following the US embassy official statement,[115] Vetëvendosje was criticized by Kosovo government instances,[116][117] political factors,[118][119] as well as public opinion.[120] Even long-time supporter of Vetëvendosje, former OSCE ambassador William G. Walker, described the action as a "big mistake".[121] According to Zëri newspaper, the U.S. State Department called Kosovo's ambassador Akan Ismajli in Washington, D.C., requiring official explanations, though no comments came from official sources within Kosovo.[122]

"As we have stressed with all leaders and particularly to Vetëvendosje, while the United States respects citizens’ rights to free speech and expression, we deplore the use of violent tactics in obstructing the democratic process. Freedom of speech does not mean the right to restrict the freedom of movement of others. Vetëvendosje’s continued reliance on violent tactics undermines Kosovo’s reputation as an emerging democracy."[115]

The reaction from Vetëvendosje was vague, with soon-to-be-gone Alma Lama being the first one to personally apologize to the U.S. ambassador.[123] On 1 July 2013, Glauk Konjufca apologized to all foreign representatives visiting the Kosovo parliament on that day: "Specifically, there is the case of U.S. ambassador, but even other foreign representatives to whom we apologize in case they have experienced any unpleasant situation. But, analyzing the harm that the agreement causes, it sounded reasonable to us to act the way we did though I don't deny having possibly made some mistakes."[124] The overall positioning of Vetëvendosje was described by Shpend Ahmeti statement: "The protest was not violent, we didn't want anyone to get hurt, we are sorry if someone actually did, but the negative effects of the agreement overrun any side effects of the protest", adding "the government is trying to show us as anti-American, which we are not".[125]

The deputy assistant of Secretary of State in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs Philip Reeker, during his visit to Pristina a few days later, was harsh and very direct with Vetëvendosje, calling them "clowns who want to be violent".[126][127][128] Vetëvendosje responded by calling Reekers' accusations as "unfair and non-democratic"[129] and issuing a letter of complaint to the U.S. Department of State.[130]

Interference in other countries' internal politics

[edit]

Vetëvendosje has interfered in the internal politics of Albania and North Macedonia by having its members endorse candidates for MPs in the parliaments of those countries, directly supporting candidates running in elections, and by having its own members with dual citizenship running in elections and using their connection to Vetëvendosje to gather support. In the 2021 Albanian parliamentary election, Vetëvendosje's center in Albania, which functions as a nonprofit organization there, supported three independent candidates that were running in elections.[131][132] Neither of those managed to get elected.

Something similar happened in the 2024 North Macedonian parliamentary election, with Vetëvendosje leader Albin Kurti being a major reason for the formation of the VLEN Coalition, which played a key role in the election of Hristijan Mickoski as the Prime Minister of North Macedonia. The interference, which had the goal of sidelining the Albanian Democratic Union for Integration had the unintended consequence of taking Vetëvendosje's partner Social Democratic Union of Macedonia into opposition.[133] Three of Vetëvendosje's own members ran for MPs inside the VLEN Coalition and one of them, Bekim Qoku, managed to get elected into the Assembly of North Macedonia.[134]

In a similar fashion, Vetëvendosje has endorsed Joe Biden for president of the United States in the 2020 United States elections, the Social Democratic Party of Germany of Olaf Scholz in the 2021 German federal election, and the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland in the 2023 Swiss federal election, by calling on the Albanian diaspora in those countries to vote for its endorsed candidates.[135][136]

These actions by Vetëvendosje have been criticized by diplomats who see these actions as dangerous for the interaction between the Government of Kosovo with foreign governments, especially when the endorsed candidates do not get elected. The tense relations between Kosovo Prime Minister Albin Kurti and the Prime Minister of Albania Edi Rama have sometimes been attributed to Vetëvendosje's support for Rama's rivals in the Albanian election of 2021.

Other controversies

[edit]

Vetëvendosje activists and politicians have often ignored and contested the symbols of the Republic of Kosovo, including the flag and anthem.[137] Visar Ymeri, chairman of Vetëvendosje at the time, refused to stand up for the anthem when participating in a congress of the AKR in 2017.[138] When asked about it, Ymeri said that he confused it for a melody of Beethoven.[139] In an interview before the 2019 parliamentary elections, Albin Kurti, chairman of Vetëvendosje, said that "Of course that I will respect (the symbols of Kosovo) as Prime Minister. But keep in mind that I am chairman of Vetëvendosje and I also represent those values that are important to us. The (Albanian) anthem is not just Albania's, it belongs to all Albanians. As Albanians, we have many things in common, including the (Albanian) flag, history, and so on. The flag of Kosovo has no history and no value other than its geographical value. We know that (adopting this flag) was a mistake, but now we have no choice but to accept it."[140]

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (2013). "Democratisation through Defiance? The Albanian Civil Organisation 'Self-Determination' and International Supervision in Kosovo". In Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Vesna; Ker-Lindsay, James; Kostovicova, Denisa (eds.). Civil Society and Transitions in the Western Balkans. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 95–116. doi:10.1057/9781137296252_6. ISBN 978-1-349-33258-8. Retrieved 2024-01-22.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Kurti thotë se ata që po dalin nga VV-ja po përfundojnë në prehër të PDK-së". Telegrafi. 23 December 2018. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
  2. ^ https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2020-02-05/kosovo-a-protest-movement-comes-to-power
  3. ^ Me mendje e zemër, deri në Vetëvendosje!
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Yabanci, Bilge (2015). "Populism and Anti-Establishment Politics in Kosovo: A Case Study of Lëvizja Vetëvendosje" (PDF). Contemporary Southeastern Europe. 3 (2): 17–43.
  5. ^ a b c d e Smajljaj, Avdi (2020). "Populism in a never ending and multiple system transformation in Kosovo: the case of Vetevendosje". Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe. 28 (2–3): 199–223. doi:10.1080/25739638.2020.1857935. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Visoka, Gëzim (2017). Shaping Peace in Kosovo: The Politics of Peacebuilding and Statehood. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-51000-2.
  7. ^ a b Delafrouz, Ghazal, Vetevendosje: A minor field study of the Kosovo Albanian resistance movement, Lund University, p. 12, archived from the original on 2020-06-13, retrieved 2011-11-17
  8. ^ Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (2013). Democratisation through Defiance? The Albanian Civil Organisation 'Self-Determination' and International Supervision in Kosovo. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 97. doi:10.1057/9781137296252_6. ISBN 978-1-349-33258-8.
  9. ^ Skendaj, Elton (2014). Creating Kosovo International Oversight and the Making of Ethical Institutions. Cornell University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780801470172.
  10. ^ "The Case for Kosova: Passage to Independence", 2006, Anthem Press, ISBN 1-84331-229-8, Page xii
  11. ^ McKinna, Anita (February 22, 2012), The Vetëvendosje Movement in Kosovo: an Increasing Focus on Nationalism, Balkananalysis.com, archived from the original on August 10, 2014, retrieved August 6, 2013
  12. ^ a b c d "Historik i 'Lëvizjes VETËVENDOSJE'" (PDF) (in Albanian). Vetëvendosje.org. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-02-19. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  13. ^ a b "Kosovo: The killing of Mon Balaj and Arben Xheladini– a decade of waiting for justice" (PDF). Amnesty International. 2017-02-10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-03. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
  14. ^ Amnesty.org (21 June 2010). "Kosovo (Serbia): Vetevendosje! Activists beaten during Kurti Arrest". Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  15. ^ "Vdes aktivisti i Vetëvendosjes në Prizren" (in Albanian). Klankosova.tv. 2020-01-29. Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  16. ^ a b Finer, Jonathan (August 23, 2007), "Kosovo Independence Activist Puts Hope in 'No Negotiation'", Washington Post, archived from the original on March 5, 2016, retrieved September 17, 2017
  17. ^ a b Collaku, Petrit (8 December 2010), Albin Kurti, Guardian of Flame of Kosovo Nationalism, Balkan Insight, archived from the original on 6 June 2012, retrieved 6 August 2013
  18. ^ Kosovo's opposition Vetevendosje joined by FeR, Southeast Europe Times, 31 March 2011, archived from the original on 17 August 2013, retrieved 17 August 2013
  19. ^ Kosovë, FER bashkohet me Vetëvendosje (FER joins VV!) (in Albanian), Top-Channel, 30 March 2011, archived from the original on 3 December 2013, retrieved 5 August 2013
  20. ^ "12 Vetevendosje MPS to form independent parliamentary group - Prishtina Insight". 14 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
  21. ^ a b Today Prishtina tomorrow Kosovo, Friends of Kosovo, December 2, 2013, archived from the original on 2013-12-15, retrieved December 14, 2013
  22. ^ a b Kosovo hardliners win top posts in local polls, EUbusiness, 2 December 2013, archived from the original on 5 December 2013, retrieved December 14, 2013
  23. ^ a b Harvard graduate wins mayor election in Pristina, GlobalPost, December 2, 2013, archived from the original on December 20, 2013, retrieved December 14, 2013
  24. ^ Kosovo Socialist Party (26 April 2013), Partia Socialiste e Kosovës i bashkohet Lëvizjen VETËVENDOSJE! (KSP joins VETËVENDOSJE!) (in Albanian), Kosovo Socialist Party, archived from the original on 2013-06-19, retrieved 2013-08-05
  25. ^ LPK joins forces with Lëvizjen Vetëvendosje!, KosovaLive360, July 23, 2013, archived from the original on February 23, 2014, retrieved August 5, 2013
  26. ^ Bashkim në Lëvizje!(Joining the Movement!) (in Albanian), Vetëvendosje!, July 23, 2013, archived from the original on December 1, 2017, retrieved August 5, 2013
  27. ^ Lëvizja Popullore i bashkohet Vetëvendosjes(PMK joins VV!) (in Albanian), KosovaPress, July 23, 2013, archived from the original on July 14, 2014, retrieved August 17, 2013
  28. ^ Schwartz, Peter (1 September 1999), Kosovo and the crisis in the Atlantic Alliance, International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI), archived from the original on 5 July 2013, retrieved 5 August 2013
  29. ^ Bytyci, Fatos (9 October 2019). "Trump's Envoy Visits Kosovo in Push for New Talks With Serbia". U.S. News & World Report. Reuters. Archived from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
  30. ^ "Kosovo coalition talks stall nearly 3 months after poll". Manila Bulletin. Agence France-Presse. 27 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  31. ^ Kurti: Na duhet një tjetër lloj shteti [Kurti: We need another type of State] (in Albanian), telegrafi.com, 18 August 2013, archived from the original on 2013-08-20, retrieved 2013-08-23
  32. ^ Shefkiu, Milaim (2 April 2013), Thaçi dhe opozita pikë e pesë [Thaçi and opposition like bread and butter] (in Albanian), Gazeta Zeri, archived from the original on 2013-05-31, retrieved 2013-08-23
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Vetevendosje.org (2013). "Alternativa Qeverisëse" (PDF) (in Albanian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-22. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  34. ^ Yabanci, B. (2016). Populism and anti-establishment politics in Kosovo: a case study of Lëvizja Vetëvendosje. Contemporary Southeastern Europe, 3(2), 17-43.
  35. ^ Smajljaj, A. (2020). Populism in a never ending and multiple system transformation in Kosovo: the case of Vetevendosje. Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 28(2-3), 199-223.
  36. ^ Strazzari, F., & Selenica, E. (2013). Nationalism and civil society organisations in post-independence Kosovo. In Civil society and transitions in the Western Balkans (pp. 117-134). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  37. ^ Hoti, Ilirjana (2023-02-09). "Miratohet Ligji për Byronë e Konfiskimit të Pasurisë së Pajustifikueshme" [The Law on the Bureau for Confiscation of Unjustified Assets is Approved]. Kallxo (in Albanian). Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  38. ^ "Government of Kosovo: The Venice Commission gives the green light for vetting in justice". CNA Albania. 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  39. ^ "Pse është rritur tatimi në pronë?" [Why did taxes on property increase?]. Radio Free Europe (in Albanian). 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  40. ^ Ocnal.com (2019-12-19). "Will the Albanian Lek become Kosovo's currency in the 'Kurti Government'?". Archived from the original on 2021-02-15. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  41. ^ Klankosova.tv (2017). "Kurti tregon programin e Vetëvendosjes për ekonominë" (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  42. ^ "Çka është Fondi Sovran i Kosovës, i cili lansohet sot?" [What is Kosovo's Sovereign Fund, which is launched today?]. Klan Kosova (in Albanian). 2023-05-07. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  43. ^ Kurti, Albin (2013-07-30), Kurti: Privatizimi i egër dhe abuziv, deindustrializoi Kosovën (Robust and abusive privatization de-industrialized Kosovo) (in Albanian), Koha.net, archived from the original on 2013-09-08, retrieved 2013-08-06
  44. ^ "Lëvizja Vetëvendosje publikon 8 arsye pse duhet të ndalet marrëveshja me "ContourGlobal"" [The Vetëvendosje Movement publishes 8 reasons why the agreement with "Contour Global" must be stopped]. Koha (in Albanian). 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  45. ^ "Kosova mund të përfundojë e vetmja në rajon pa qasje në gaz" [Kosovo may remain the only country in the region without access to natural gas]. Radio Free Europe (in Albanian). 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  46. ^ "Kosova bëhet me projekt solar për ngrohje qendrore" [Kosovo gets a solar project for central heating]. Klan Kosova (in Albanian). 2022-12-20. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  47. ^ "Ndahen 50 milionë euro për subvencione në bujqësi, 5 milionë prej tyre shkojnë për naftën e bujqve" [50 million euros are allocated to agriculture, 5 million of those for farmers' fuel]. Buletini Ekonomik (in Albanian). 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  48. ^ "Murati: Deri më tani 20 milionë euro ka qenë mbështetja direkte për Trepçën" [Murati: Until now, the direct support for Trepca has been 20 million euro]. Kosova Sot (in Albanian). 2023-10-31. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  49. ^ Ekonomia-ks.com (2020-02-28). "Qeveria për prioritet ka ngritjen e cilësisë së arsimit përmes sistemit dual arsimor". Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  50. ^ "FSK-së i shtohet buxheti edhe për 40 milionë euro" [FSK's budget increased by 40 million euro]. Klan Kosova (in Albanian). 2023-12-13. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  51. ^ "Albin Kurti: Shërbimi ushtarak do të bëhet i detyrueshëm" (in Albanian). Kallxo.com. 2020-02-03. Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  52. ^ Koha.net (2017-05-25). "Reciprociteti, parimi themelor i Vetëvendosjes në dialogun me Serbinë". Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  53. ^ "Kurti: Reciprocitet i plotë deri në arritjen e marrëveshjes me Serbinë" [Kurti: Full reciprocity until the reaching of the agreement with Serbia]. Radio Free Europe (in Albanian). 2022-09-28. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  54. ^ "Kurti appointed Nenad Rasic as the new Minister for Communities and Returns". Kosovo Online. 2022-12-01. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  55. ^ Zivanovic, Maja; Isufi, Perparim (7 October 2019). "Opposition Vetevendosje Party Triumphs in Kosovo Election". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  56. ^ "Kosovo's Likely PM Says Relations With Serbia Should Be Based On 'Reciprocity'" (in Albanian). BBC Albanian. 9 December 2010. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  57. ^ Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Vesna; Ker-Lindsay, James (11 January 2013), Civil Society and Transitions in the Western Balkans, p. 128
  58. ^ Mejdini, Fatjona (December 1, 2015), Albanian Activists Rally for Kosovo MP's Release, balkaninsight.com, archived from the original on September 20, 2018, retrieved June 12, 2017
  59. ^ Çollaku, Petrit (2010-06-14). "Kosovo: Self-Determination Leader Kurti Arrested". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  60. ^ Vujadinovic, Ljubica (June 16, 2010), Albin Kurti Is Getting Ready For Kosovo Elections, allvoices.com, archived from the original on August 6, 2013
  61. ^ District Court of Pristina v. Kurti, Albin, P.Nr.281/7 (14 June 2010).
  62. ^ "Radical ethnic Albanian leader arrested". B92. June 13, 2010. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
  63. ^ Assembly of Republic of Kosovo (2010), Results of the last Elections, Assembly of Republic of Kosovo, archived from the original on 2013-10-12, retrieved 2013-08-15
  64. ^ "Kosovo election prompts EU observer fraud claims". BBC. 2010-12-13. Archived from the original on 2020-09-19. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  65. ^ "Pamje amatore nga zgjedhjet në vitin 2010, kështu u vodhën votat nga PDK-ja". Insajderi (in Albanian). October 2010. Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  66. ^ "Kosovo's Vetevendosje Makes Leap From Street to Parliament". Balkaninsight. 2010-12-15. Archived from the original on 2011-02-22. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
  67. ^ "Kosovë: Zgjedhjet do të përsëriten në pesë komuna". Deutsche Welle (in Albanian). 2010-12-17. Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  68. ^ Deputetët e Lëvizjes për Bashkim tërhiqen nga GP i Vetëvendosjes! (Assembly members of LB leave LV! parliamentary group) (in Albanian), LB Information Office, 2011-09-20, archived from the original on 2011-09-26, retrieved 2013-08-18
  69. ^ Lëvizja për Bashkim e Vetëvendosje 'prishen' për para (LB and LV! "break up" because of money) (in Albanian), 2LONLINE.com, 20 September 2011, archived from the original on 18 May 2018, retrieved 18 August 2013
  70. ^ REZULTATET PËRFUNDIMTARE NGA QNR = 2014 (PDF), KQZ, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-30, retrieved 2014-06-27
  71. ^ Bytyqi, Fatos (10 June 2014), Kosovo opposition says uniting to thwart Thaci bid for new term = 2014, Reuters, archived from the original on 2015-09-24, retrieved 2017-07-03
  72. ^ Gardner, Andrew (2014-12-09). "Kosovo forms new government". Politico. Archived from the original on 2020-09-19. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  73. ^ "Kosovo opposition protests turn violent in Pristina". BBC. 2016-01-09. Archived from the original on 2020-10-15. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  74. ^ Gall, Carlotta; Chan, Sewell (2016-02-19). "Kosovo Opposition Releases Tear Gas in Parliament". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-10-18. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  75. ^ REZULTATET PËRFUNDIMTARE NGA QNR = 2017 (PDF), KQZ, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-30, retrieved 2017-12-13
  76. ^ "Zyrtarisht formohet Grupi i Deputetëve të Pavarur". koha.net (in Albanian). 14 March 2018. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  77. ^ "PM Kurti sacks Minister of Internal Affairs Agim Veliu". Prishtina Insight. 2020-03-18. Archived from the original on 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  78. ^ Kingsley, Patrick (2020-03-25). "Coronavirus Helps Bring Down Kosovo's Government, With Nudge From U.S." The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2020-09-10. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  79. ^ "Kosovo's government just fell – but it's down to US meddling rather than coronavirus". The Conversation. 2020-03-27. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  80. ^ Bechev, Dimitar (2020-03-04). "Trump is looking for a foreign policy coup in the Balkans". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2020-09-27. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  81. ^ Sopi, Arta (2020-06-03). "Votimi i qeverisë Hoti i lë jashtë Kuvendit 5 njerëzit më të votuar në LVV si dhe Lumir Abdixhikun nga LDK". Kallxo (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  82. ^ "Kosovo's highest court rules parliamentary vote electing government was illegal". Reuters. 2020-12-21. Archived from the original on 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  83. ^ Xhorxhina, Bami (2020-01-26). "Kosovo Ex-PM Albin Kurti Barred from Running in Election". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 2021-03-23. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  84. ^ "Këta janë 7 deputetët e listës "Guxo" të Vjosa Osmanit" [These are the 7 MPs of Vjosa Osmani's "Guxo" list]. Gazeta Blic. 4 March 2021. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  85. ^ "Lista e Vjosa Osmanit humb dy mandate të deputetëve" [Vjosa Osmani's list loses two seats]. Gazeta Blic. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  86. ^ "Deputetja e PDK-së, Adelina Grainca kalon në Vetëvendosje". Telegrafi. 2021-04-04. Archived from the original on 2021-04-04. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
  87. ^ "Elections for Communal Assemblies (in Albanian and Serbian)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
  88. ^ "KQZ shpall rezultatet përfundimtare, PDK kryeson si parti" [CEC declares the results, DPK leads as party]. Bota Sot (in Albanian). December 2, 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-01-04. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  89. ^ Alban Dudushi, Shpend Ahmeti (2013). Top Show, 11 Dhjetor 2013, Pjesa 1 - Top Channel Albania - Talk Shpend Ahmeti (YouTube) (in Albanian). TopChannel.[dead YouTube link]
  90. ^ "PDK humb "Jerusalemin" - Fiton Vetëvendosje". Insajderi (in Albanian). 2020-10-23. Archived from the original on 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  91. ^ "Vazhdon shembja e Vetëvendosjes: Kryetari i Kamenicës Qëndron Kastrati jep dorëheqje". Gazeta Express (in Albanian). 2018-01-09. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  92. ^ "Shpend Ahmeti jep dorëheqje nga Vetëvendosje". Telegrafi (in Albanian). 2018-03-07. Archived from the original on 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  93. ^ "Agim Bahtiri kalon në Vetëvendosje". Koha (in Albanian). 2020-08-21. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  94. ^ "Zgjedhjet e jashtëzakonshme për kryetar komune 2020 - Rezultatet përfundimtare për komunë" (PDF). Komisioni Qëndror i Zgjedhjeve (in Albanian). 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
  95. ^ "Violent protests against EU mission in Kosovo". euobserver. 26 August 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2016-02-27.
  96. ^ "Kosovo Activists Overturn Serbian Truck in Schoolbook Protest". Balkan Insight. 2016-03-03. Archived from the original on 2016-04-07. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
  97. ^ "Kosovo Govt Condemns Attack on Serbian Truck". Balkan Insight. 2016-03-04. Archived from the original on 2016-04-09. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
  98. ^ "Kosovo Opposition Activists Overturn Second Serbian Truck". Balkan Insight. 2016-03-11. Archived from the original on 2016-04-07. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
  99. ^ "Radical Kosovo activists overturn truck with Serbian goods". B92. 2016-03-03. Archived from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
  100. ^ Jacobson: Vetëvendosje po përdor taktika të dhunës e kërcënimeve (Jacobson: Vetëvendosje! is applying violent and threatening tactics) (in Albanian), kosovain.eu, 10 December 2012, archived from the original on 18 May 2015, retrieved 7 August 2013
  101. ^ "Jacobson: Kurti kërcënoi ish-sekretaren Albright" [Jacobson: Kurti threatened former Secretary of State Albright], Telegrafi Media Portal (in Albanian), telegrafi.com, 2012-12-10, archived from the original on 2012-12-13, retrieved 2013-08-07
  102. ^ a b Newsletter from the Movement for SELF-DETERMINATION! (PDF), vol. 333, Vetëvendosje!, 14 December 2012[permanent dead link‍]
  103. ^ Vetëvendosje, letër ambasadores amerikane në Kosovë (Self-Determination, letter to U.S. Ambassador in Kosovo) (in Albanian), Gazeta Shekulli, 2012-12-11, archived from the original on 2012-12-16, retrieved 2013-08-17
  104. ^ Olluri, Parim (August 18, 2012), Katër Vjet për Shitjen e PTK-së (Four years for selling KPT) (in Albanian), "Jeta në Kosovë" Newspaper Online, archived from the original on May 18, 2015, retrieved August 7, 2013
  105. ^ Albright në garë për PTK-në (Albright in race for KPT) (in Albanian), Top-Channel, 2012-08-15, archived from the original on 2021-05-27, retrieved 2013-08-07
  106. ^ Albeu.com (11 January 2013), Albright zyrtarisht e tërhequr në garën për privatizimin e PTK-së (Albright drops officially out of the race for KPT) (in Albanian), Time.al, archived from the original on 27 May 2021, retrieved 7 August 2013
  107. ^ Albright company withdraws bid for PTK, B92, December 27, 2012, archived from the original on September 26, 2013, retrieved August 7, 2013
  108. ^ Albright terhiqet nga gara per blerjen e PTK-se (Albright withdraws from the race for buying KPT) (in Albanian), Lajme Shqip - Infoarkiva, 12 January 2013, archived from the original on 16 January 2013, retrieved 7 August 2013
  109. ^ Beqiri, Agron (June 27, 2013), Clashes calm down in Kosovo after agreement with Serbia is ratified, DEMOTIX, archived from the original on 2013-09-11, retrieved 2013-08-17
  110. ^ August 2013 Monthly Forecast, Security Council Report, August 2013, archived from the original on 2014-08-31, retrieved 2013-08-06
  111. ^ Karadaku, Linda (29 June 2013), Kosovo ratifies agreement with Serbia amid tension, Southeast Europe Times, archived from the original on 6 August 2013, retrieved 6 August 2013
  112. ^ Ambasadorja amerikane shpalon lëndimin(U.S. Ambassador reveals injury) (in Albanian), Infoglobi.com, 2013-06-28, archived from the original on 2013-08-06, retrieved 2013-08-06
  113. ^ Jacobson, Tracey (27 June 2013). Ambasadorja amerikane duke hyrë në Kuvend (US Ambassador entering the Assembly) (YouTube) (in Albanian). Gazeta Tribuna.
  114. ^ Demolli: Nuk pashë fërkim fizik të VV-së me Jacobson [Demolli: I saw no physical contact between VV! and Jacobson] (in Albanian), Telegrafi.com, 2 July 2013, archived from the original on 2013-07-06, retrieved 2013-08-17
  115. ^ a b Embassy of the US - Pristina, Kosovo (June 27, 2013), Statement from U.S. Embassy, June 27, 2013, Embassy of the US - Pristina, Kosovo, archived from the original on 2013-08-02, retrieved 2013-08-06
  116. ^ Kosovo Council of Ministers (2013-06-27), KOMUNIKATË PËR MEDIA E QEVERISË SË REPUBLIKËS SË KOSOVËS (PRESS RELEASE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO) (in Albanian), Kosovo Prime Minister Office, archived from the original on 2015-05-18, retrieved 2013-08-06
  117. ^ President of the Republic of Kosovo (27 June 2013), President Jahjaga condemns the attack on the US Ambassador, Tracey Ann Jacobson, Kosovo President Office, archived from the original on 18 May 2015, retrieved 6 August 2013
  118. ^ Ramadani, Burim (31 May 2013). Deputeti i AAK-së, Burim Ramadani, në Zona B (AFK representative, Burim Ramadani, in "Zone B") (in Albanian). Alliance for the Future of Kosovo. Archived from the original on 3 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  119. ^ 'Mesazhi' Portal (28 June 2013), Mustafa dënon veprimin e djeshëm të VV-së (Mustafa condemns yesterday's action of LV!) (in Albanian), 'Mesazhi' Portal, archived from the original on 6 August 2013
  120. ^ Koha Ditore (2013-06-28), Edhe shoqëria civile kritikon LV-në për veprime jodemokratike (Civil society criticizes LV! for non-democratic actions) (in Albanian), koha.net, archived from the original on 2013-07-01, retrieved 2013-08-06
  121. ^ Walker: Vetëvendosje gaboi rëndë kur pengoi Ambasadoren amerikane (Walker: It was a big mistake from LV! side to stop the US Ambassador) (in Albanian), Bota Sot, September 12, 2013, archived from the original on 2015-05-18, retrieved 2013-09-13
  122. ^ DASH thërret ambasadorin kosovar (US State Department calls in the Ambassador of Kosovo) (in Albanian), Top-Channel, 2013-06-28, archived from the original on 2021-05-27, retrieved 2013-08-18
  123. ^ Aliu, L. (30 June 2013), Alma i kërkon falje Ambasadores, jo Vetëvendosja (Alma apologizes to the ambassador, not LV!) (in Albanian), Gazeta Express, archived from the original on 18 August 2013
  124. ^ LV u kërkon falje ambasadorëve (LV! apologizes to the ambassadors) (in Albanian), Gazeta Zeri, 1 July 2013[permanent dead link‍]
  125. ^ Ahmeti: Më e keqja është marrëveshja, jo lëndimi i ambasadores (Ahmeti: The worst thing is the agreement, not the Ambassador injury) (in Albanian), Fishmedia.info, 2013-06-29, archived from the original on 2013-08-30, retrieved 2013-08-06
  126. ^ Riker sulmon ashpër Vetëvendosjen: Janë palaço (Reeker throws a fierce attack on VV!: They are clowns) (in Albanian), Gazeta Tema, 5 July 2013, archived from the original on 12 July 2013, retrieved 18 August 2013
  127. ^ Zyrtari amerikan, Filip Riker, vizitoi Kosovën: Vetëvendosja, palaço!(The U.S. official, Philip Reeker, visited Kosovo: LV!, Clowns!) (in Albanian), Gazeta Panorama, 6 July 2013, archived from the original on 6 August 2013, retrieved 6 August 2013
  128. ^ RIKER QUANË PALAÇO VETËVENDOSJEN (Reeker calls LV! 'clowns') (YouTube video) (in Albanian), Koha Tv Tetovo, 5 July 2013, archived from the original on 30 July 2016, retrieved 2 December 2016 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |people= ignored (help)
  129. ^ Gjuha e Reeker, e padrejtë dhe jodemokratike (Reeker's language, unfair and non-democratic) (in Albanian), Reporteri, 5 July 2013, archived from the original on 2016-03-04, retrieved 2013-08-06
  130. ^ "Vetëvendosje!" do të ankohet për Philip Reeker te John Kerry (LV! will complain to John Kerry about Philip Reeker) (in Albanian), Shqiptarja.com, 6 July 2013, archived from the original on 10 July 2013, retrieved 6 August 2013
  131. ^ "Misioni" [Mission] (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
  132. ^ "Tre kandidatët që i mbështet Lëvizja u çertifikuan nga KQZ" [The three candidates that are supported by the Movement got certified by the CEC] (in Albanian). 2021-03-16. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
  133. ^ "Kovaçevski: Kurti është pjesë e politikës në Maqedoni, ishte çelësi i formimit të koalicionit "VLEN"" [Kovacevski: Kurti is part of the politics of North Macedonia, he was the key to the formation of the VLEN coalition]. Telegrafi (in Albanian). Prishtina. 2024-09-25. Retrieved 2024-09-25.
  134. ^ "Qoku: Në zgjedhje me LEN-in garoj si Vetëvendosje" [Qoku: In elections, I run with LEN as a candidate of Vetëvendosje]. Telegrafi (in Albanian). Prishtina. 2024-01-25. Retrieved 2024-09-25.
  135. ^ "Largest Kosovo Party Calls on Albanian Americans to Vote for Biden". Exit News. Tirana. 2020-10-16. Retrieved 2024-09-25.
  136. ^ Bernet, Christoph (2023-08-16). "Kosovos Ministerpräsident soll in der Schweiz Wahlkampf für die SP machen – SVP findet das «völlig daneben»" [Kosovo's prime minister to campaign for the SP in Switzerland - SVP finds this “completely wrong”]. Aargauer Zeitung (in German). Aarau. Retrieved 2024-09-25.
  137. ^ Kosova shënon 5-vjetorin, VV injoron himnin(Kosovo marks its 5th anniversary, VV! ignores the anthem) (in Albanian), Radio Victoria, 17 February 2013[permanent dead link‍]
  138. ^ "Ymeri nuk e respekton himnin e Kosovës në Kongresin e AKR-së". Gazeta Blic (in Albanian). 2017-02-24. Archived from the original on 2021-02-15. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  139. ^ "Visar Ymeri tregon pse nuk ishte ngritur në këmbë për himnin e Kosovës". Periskopi (in Albanian). 2018-04-22. Archived from the original on 2021-02-18. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
  140. ^ "Albin Kurti flet për simbolet shtetërore të Republikës së Kosovës". Gazeta Express (in Albanian). 2019-09-16. Archived from the original on 2019-09-20. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vetëvendosje!.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Self-determination_Movement&oldid=1256632473"