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Lærdal

Coordinates: 61°03′04″N 07°35′52″E / 61.05111°N 7.59778°E / 61.05111; 7.59778
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For the manufacturer of medical equipment, see Laerdal.
Lærdal Municipality
Lærdal kommune
Municipality
Leirdal herred  (historic name)
View of Lærdalsøyri
View of Lærdalsøyri
Flag of Lærdal Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Lærdal Municipality
Coat of arms
Vestland within Norway
Vestland within Norway
Lærdal within Vestland
Lærdal within Vestland
Coordinates: 61°03′04″N 07°35′52″E / 61.05111°N 7.59778°E / 61.05111; 7.59778
CountryNorway
CountyVestland
DistrictSogn
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreLærdalsøyri
Government
 • Mayor (2019)Audun Mo (Ap)
Area
 • Total1,342.52 km2 (518.35 sq mi)
 • Land1,275.43 km2 (492.45 sq mi)
 • Water67.09 km2 (25.90 sq mi)  5%
 • Rank#71 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total2,129
 • Rank#273 in Norway
 • Density1.7/km2 (4/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Decrease −2.2%
DemonymLærdøl[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNynorsk
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4642[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Lærdal is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the south side of the Sognefjorden in the traditional district of Sogn. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Lærdalsøyri. The old Filefjell Kongevegen road passes through Lærdal on its way to Valdres and later to Oslo.

The 1,343-square-kilometre (519 sq mi) municipality is the 71st largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway (with over half of this area consisting of mountains). Lærdal is the 273rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,129. The municipality's population density is 1.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.4/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.2% over the previous 10-year period.[4][5]

The Lærdal river valley is long, running from Hemsedal (Høgeloft mountain) and the Filefjell mountains in the east to the Sognefjorden in the west. About half of the municipal residents live in the main village of Lærdalsøyri; the rest in the small villages in the surrounding valleys such as Borgund, Ljøsne, Tønjum, Erdal, Vindedalen, Frønningen, and Strendene. The Old Lærdalsøyri village has 161 protected buildings. Some of the houses there date back to the mid-18th century. On the night of 18–19 January 2014, a major fire destroyed at least 30 buildings.[6]

General information

[edit]
Borgund stave church

Lærdal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). In the 19th century, the name was sometimes spelled Leerdahl or Leirdal. The municipality of 1838 was created to be identical to the Lærdal parish (prestegjeld) that included the sub-parishes (sokn) of Borgund, Tønjum, Hauge, and Aardal. In 1863, the northeastern sub-parish of Aardal (population: 1,791) was separated from Lærdal to form a separate municipality. In 1864, the eastern sub-parish of Borgund (population: 963) was separated from Lærdal to form its own municipality. This left Lærdal with 2,777 residents.[7][8]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, Lærdal (population: 1,755) was merged with the municipality of Borgund (population: 492) and the Muggeteigen, Luggenes, and Bergmål farms (population: 11) along the Sognefjorden from the municipality of Årdal. After the merger, Lærdal had a total of 2,258. On 1 January 1992, the Frønningen area (population: 32) of Leikanger Municipality was transferred to Lærdal municipality.[7][8]

On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly created Vestland county after Sogn og Fjordane and Hordaland counties were merged.

Name

[edit]

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old village of Lærdal (Old Norse: Lærardalr). The first element is the genitive case of the old name of the local river Lærr. The meaning of the river name is unknown. The last element is dalr which means "valley" or "dale".[9]

Coat of arms

[edit]

The coat of arms was granted on 18 December 1987. The official blazon is "Gules, two dragon heads bendwise Or" (Norwegian: På raud grunn to gull drakehovud i skrå rekkje). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is two dragon heads aligned diagonally. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The dragon heads are based on the wooden dragons seen on the gables of the historic Borgund Stave Church that was built around 1150 in Lærdal. The arms were designed by Inge Rotevatn. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[10][11][12]

Churches

[edit]

The Church of Norway has three parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Lærdal. It is part of the Sogn prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin.

Churches in Lærdal
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Borgund Borgund Church Borgund 1868
Borgund Stave Church c. 1150
Hauge Hauge Church Lærdalsøyri 1868
Tønjum Tønjum Church Tønjum 1832

Government

[edit]

Lærdal Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[13] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Sogn og Fjordane District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

[edit]

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Lærdal is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Lærdal kommunestyre 2023–2027 [14]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2019–2023 [15]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2015–2019 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2011–2015 [17]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2007–2011 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 2003–2007 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Framstegspartiet) 1
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 3
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:17
Lærdal kommunestyre 1999–2003 [16]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1995–1999 [18]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 10
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1991–1995 [19]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 11
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1987–1991 [20]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 4
  Joint list of the Centre Party (Senterpartiet), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1983–1987 [21]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 3
  Joint list of the Centre Party (Senterpartiet), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1979–1983 [22]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Christian Democratic Party (Kristeleg Folkeparti), New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), and Liberal Party (Venstre) 12
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1975–1979 [23]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høgre), Centre Party (Senterpartiet), Liberal Party (Venstre), and New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 11
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1971–1975 [24]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1967–1971 [25]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 12
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lærdal kommunestyre 1963–1967 [26]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 11
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lærdal heradsstyre 1959–1963 [27]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:21
Lærdal heradsstyre 1955–1959 [28]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høgre) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 8
Total number of members:21
Lærdal heradsstyre 1951–1955 [29]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 9
Total number of members:24
Lærdal heradsstyre 1947–1951 [30]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 9
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 15
Total number of members:24
Lærdal heradsstyre 1945–1947 [31]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 10
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgarlege Felleslister) 11
Total number of members:24
Lærdal heradsstyre 1937–1941* [32]  
Party name (in Nynorsk) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeidarpartiet) 7
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 9
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:24
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

[edit]

The mayors (Nynorsk: ordførar) of Lærdal:[33]

  • 1838-1843: Nils Rossing Bull
  • 1844-1845: Jan Henrik Nitter Hansen
  • 1846-1847: Hannibal Winsnes
  • 1848-1857: Nils Rossing Bull
  • 1858-1859: Jan Rumohr
  • 1860-1863: Jørgen Christian Lindstrøm
  • 1864-1871: Jan Rumohr
  • 1872-1875: Søren Schelderup
  • 1876-1877: David Anderson Raa
  • 1878-1879: Baard Lysne
  • 1880-1881: Tøger Ravn
  • 1882-1888: Otto Blehr
  • 1889-1891: Peder Th. Tønjum
  • 1896-1898: Gerhard Dahl
  • 1899-1901: Tøger Ravn
  • 1908-1910: Hans H. Michelsen
  • 1911-1913: Haakon Mo
  • 1914-1916: Hans H. Michelsen
  • 1917-1922: Olav Skjær
  • 1923-1925: Nils Lysne
  • 1926-1937: Olav Skjær
  • 1938-1942: Per Severin Hjermann (Bp)
  • 1942-1945: Petter Klingenberg (NS)
  • 1945-1954: Per Severin Hjermann (Bp)
  • 1954-1959: Egil Natvik (V)
  • 1960-1963: Ingebrigt Eri (Sp)
  • 1964-1975: Anders Lunden (Ap)
  • 1976-1979: Per Hjermann (Sp)
  • 1980-1981: Knut L. Blaaflat (Sp)
  • 1982-1989: Knut O. Hegg (Sp)
  • 1990-1999: Hans A. Tønjum (Sp)
  • 1999-2003: Olav Wendelbo (Sp)
  • 2003–2007: Knut O. Aarethun (Ap)
  • 2007–2011: Arne Sanden (Ap)
  • 2011–2019: Jan Geir Solheim (Sp)
  • 2019–present: Audun Mo (Ap)

Twin towns – Sister cities

[edit]

Lærdal has sister city agreements with the following places:

Geography

[edit]
The river near Jutlamannen

Lærdal is located southeast of the Sognefjorden and east of the Aurlandsfjorden. The municipality is centered on the Lærdalselvi River with the Filefjell and Hemsedalsfjell mountain ranges on its east. Lærdal is bordered in Vestland county by the municipality of Aurland to the southwest, Sogndal to the northwest, and Årdal to the north. It is also bordered on the east by Vang (Innlandet county) and Hemsedal (Buskerud county), and in the south by Ål and Hol (both in Buskerud county).

The lakes Eldrevatnet, Juklevatnet, and Øljusjøen are located along the southeastern border, south of the mountain Høgeloft.

Climate

[edit]

Lærdal is situated near the head of Sognefjorden. The very long fjord snakes past mountain ranges on its way from the sea inland to Lærdal, and the mountains create a rain shadow effect for the innermost part of the fjord, making Lærdal much drier than the coast, with just 20% of Bergen's precipitation. The mountains also sometimes gives a föhn effect in winter for Lærdal. The climate of Lærdal is a thus a mix of oceanic and continental features. Lærdal has a humid continental climate, or a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb), depending on winter threshold (0 °C (32 °F) as used in US or −3 °C (27 °F) as in the original Köppen climate classification). The record high 33.4 °C (92.1 °F) was recorded both July 2018 and July 2019. The all-time low −21.8 °C (−7.2 °F) is from January 1942.

Climate data for Lærdal 1991-2020 (2 m, Lærdal IV, extremes 1871-2020 includes earlier stations)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.9
(60.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		16.8
(62.2) 		21.5
(70.7) 		28.3
(82.9) 		31
(88) 		33.4
(92.1) 		31
(88) 		25.1
(77.2) 		23.6
(74.5) 		18.7
(65.7) 		16.2
(61.2) 		33.4
(92.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2
(36) 		2
(36) 		6
(43) 		11
(52) 		16
(61) 		19
(66) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		15
(59) 		9
(48) 		5
(41) 		2
(36) 		11
(51)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.7
(30.7) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		2.3
(36.1) 		6.4
(43.5) 		10.2
(50.4) 		13.6
(56.5) 		15.9
(60.6) 		14.8
(58.6) 		10.9
(51.6) 		5.9
(42.6) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		6.7
(44.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2
(28) 		−3
(27) 		−1
(30) 		3
(37) 		6
(43) 		9
(48) 		12
(54) 		11
(52) 		8
(46) 		3
(37) 		0
(32) 		−2
(28) 		4
(39)
Record low °C (°F) −21.8
(−7.2) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−16.7
(1.9) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		3.3
(37.9) 		2.8
(37.0) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−16.7
(1.9) 		−19.4
(−2.9) 		−21.8
(−7.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 45.8
(1.80) 		25.8
(1.02) 		32.1
(1.26) 		27.3
(1.07) 		29.6
(1.17) 		43.7
(1.72) 		50
(2.0) 		57
(2.2) 		55.3
(2.18) 		49.3
(1.94) 		44.7
(1.76) 		47.5
(1.87) 		508.1
(19.99)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9 8 7 5 7 9 9 10 11 9 8 8 100
Source 1: Norwegian Meteorological Institute/eklima (extremes)[34] yr.no/met.no (means and precipitation) [35]
Source 2: Weatheronline climate robot (average highs/lows)[36]

Lærdal tunnel

[edit]

The Lærdalstunnel was built through the Aurlandsfjell mountains dividing Aurland from Lærdal. It is the world's longest road tunnel (as of 2020) at 24.5 kilometres (15.2 mi). Construction began in 1995 and was completed in 2000.[37]

Lærdalselvi river

[edit]
Lærdal river near Borgund Stave Church

The River Lærdalselvi [no] was traditionally one of the most exclusive salmon and sea trout rivers in Norway. Known by the Norwegian King Harald V as his second Queen, the river has established Lærdal as one of the meccas of salmon and sea trout fly fishing, among others for the unusual fact that the river offers daylight fishing and dry fly fishing for sea trout. The salmon population was drastically depleted after an infestation with the salmon parasite Gyrodactylus salaris in the fall of 1996. After several treatments with aluminium sulfate, there are still problems with the parasite. In fall 2007, a smolt was again found infected by the parasite, and new treatments started in late March 2008. Because of this parasite, the river was closed to angling for the 2008 season.

The river has formed a large delta at Lærdalsøyri, where huge amounts of silt and sand have been deposited by the river. Although the area has been spoiled by some unfortunate landfills it is still a sight worth seeing.

Economy

[edit]

Lærdal has long traditions in farming, with the lower region of the valley being great for vegetable crops. Because of its dry climate it was one of the first places in Norway to begin the use of artificial irrigation. Despite having an inland climate, the water in the fjord keeps the winters from getting too cold.

The local Western Norway Regional Health Authority hospital provides medical care for Lærdal itself and seven of the surrounding municipalities. The hospital, together with Opplysningen 1881 (directory assistance company), Østfold Energiproduksjon A/S and Norsk Hydro Aluminium Production Facilities in Årdal, are the major employers in Lærdal. The local government and health authority is trying to close this hospital due to cost cutting, which may have negative effects on the area.

Notable people

[edit]
Ragnhild Sælthun Fjørtoft, 2011
[edit]
  • Lærdalsøyri
    Lærdalsøyri
  • Lærdalsøyri
    Lærdalsøyri
  • Old mountain pass from Aurland to Lærdal (above the Lærdalstunnelen)
    Old mountain pass from Aurland to Lærdal (above the Lærdalstunnelen)
  • Old mountain pass from Aurland to Lærdal (above the Lærdalstunnelen)
    Old mountain pass from Aurland to Lærdal (above the Lærdalstunnelen)
  • Lærdal
    Lærdal
  • Lærdal tunnel
    Lærdal tunnel
  • Lærdal tunnel cave
    Lærdal tunnel cave
  • Store Jukleeggi – Mountain in Lærdal
    Store Jukleeggi – Mountain in Lærdal

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ "Blaze threatens historic wood village in Laerdal Norway". BBC News. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  7. ^ a b Jukvam, Dag (1999). Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  8. ^ a b Natvik, Oddvar (9 February 2005). "Some historical data on the 26 Kommunes". Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
  9. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1919). Norske gaardnavne: Nordre Bergenhus amt (in Norwegian) (12 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 60–61.
  10. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  11. ^ "Lærdal, Sogn og Fjordane (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 18 December 1987. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  13. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  14. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  15. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Vestland". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  16. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Sogn og Fjordane". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  22. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  23. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  24. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
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