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Kotlin-class destroyer

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SAM Kotlin class destroyer Vozbuzhdenyy.
Kotlin-class destroyer Vozbuzhdeny in January 1981
Class overview
NameKotlin class
Operators
Preceded byNeustrashimy class
Succeeded byKildin class
Built1955-1958
In commission1955-1992
Completed27
Active0
Retired27
General characteristics
TypeDestroyer
Displacement
  • 2,662 tonnes (2,620 long tons; 2,934 short tons) (standard),
  • 3,230 t (3,180 long tons; 3,560 short tons) (full load)
Length126.1 m (414 ft)
Beam12.7 m (42 ft)
Draught4.2 m (14 ft)
Propulsion
  • 2 × shaft geared steam turbines,
  • 4 boilers, 72,000 hp (54 MW)
Speed38 knots (70 km/h; 44 mph)
Complement284
Sensors and
processing systems
  • Radar: Fut -N (air search), Ryf (surface)
  • Sonar: Pegas
Armament
  • (Project 56)
    • 4 × 130 mm (5.1 in) SM-2-1 guns (2×2)
    • 16 × 45 mm (1.8 in) SM-20-ZIF guns (4×4)
    • 10 × 533 mm (20 in) PTA-53-56 torpedo tubes (2×5)
    • 6 × BMB-2 depth charge throwers (later replaced by ASW mortars)
    • 50 × mines
  • (Project 56A)
    • 2 × 130 mm (5.1 in) SM-2-1 gun (1×2)
    • 4 × 45 mm (1.8 in) SM-20-ZIF gun (1×4)
    • 8 × 30 mm (1.2 in) AK-230 guns (4×2)
    • 5 × 533 mm (20 in) TA MPTA-53M torpedo tubes (1×5)
    • 24 × 213 mm (10 in) RBU-6000 ASW rocket launchers (2×12)
    • 1× twin S-125 Neva/Pechora (NATO SA-N-1) SAM (16 missiles)
    • 50 × mines

Kotlin-class destroyers were Cold War era ships built for the Soviet Navy. The Russian name for this class was Project 56 Spokoiny (Спокойный, "tranquil"). 27 ships were built between 1955 and 1958; they were all decommissioned in the late 1980s. The Kildin class is based on the design of the Kotlins. The Chinese Luda class which is based on the Soviet Neustrashimy class, also borrows some design concepts from the Kotlin class.[1][clarification needed]

Design

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This design was a smaller version of the Neustrashimy-class destroyer which was seen as being too large and expensive for economic series production, as well as too slow. Detailed design changes eliminated some of the problems seen during trials of Neustrashimy. A production run of 100 ships was planned but this was curtailed because of the advent of the guided missile. 32 were ordered, but four ships were completed as the Kildin class (Project 56E/EM). The last vessel was canceled.

11 ships (Project 56PLO, "Kotlin Mod.") were modified for enhanced ASW capabilities by adding rocket depth charge launchers.

In 1962, the Soviet Navy installed the navalized version of the S-125 Neva, the SA-N-1 'Goa', to a surface-to-air missile Kotlin-class destroyer, Bravy (also spelled Bravyy/Bravyi) for testing. The system used the 4K90 (V-600) missile that could engage targets at distances from 4–15 km (0–10 mi) and altitudes of 100–10,000 m (300–32,800 ft). Fire control and guidance was provided by 4R90 Yatagan radar. The system could track only one target at a time. The missiles were loaded on the dual-arm ZIF-101 launcher, with under-deck magazine storage for 16 more.

The Soviet Navy would eventually retrofit seven Kotlin-class ships to carry SAMs; these ships were known to NATO as the Kotlin SAM class (Project 56A). One more was modified and sold to Poland (Project 56AE, being the only Project 56 destroyer exported). Later versions of the SAM system, such as the Volna-M (SA-N-1B), the Volna-P, and Volna-N provided greater missile range and capability.

Ships

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Soviet destroyer Vyderzhanny c.1973, in Project 56 configuration
Unidentified Soviet Kotlin-class destroyer c.1973, in Project 56PLO configuration
Soviet destroyer Nakhodchivy in 1983, in Project 56A configuration
Ship Russian Builder Launched Commissioned Modernisation Decommissioned
Spokoiny Спокойный - "Peaceful" Zhdanov, Leningrad 28 November 1953 27 June 1956 none 19 April 1990
Svetly Светлый - "Bright" (or "Light") 27 October 1953 17 September 1955 none 25 April 1989
Speshny Спешный - "Rapid" 7 August 1954 none 25 April 1989
Skromny Скромный - "Modest" 26 October 1954 SAM (56A) 25 April 1989
Svedushchy Сведущий - "Knowledgeable" 17 February 1955 SAM (56A)
Smyshleny Смышленый - "Sharp (quickwitted)" 24 May 1955 ASW (56PLO)
Skrytny Скрытный - "Secretive" 27 September 1955 none
Soznatelny Сознательный - "Aware" 15 January 1956 SAM (56A)
Spravedlivy Справедливый - "Just" 12 April 1956 SAM (56AE) Transferred to the Polish navy as ORP Warszawa in 1970
Nesokrushimy Несокрушимый - "Indestructible" 20 July 1956 SAM (56A)
Nakhodchivy Находчивый - "Resourceful" 30 October 1956 SAM (56A)
Nastoychivy Настойчивый - "Persistent" 23 April 1957 SAM (56A)
Byvalvy Бывалый - "Experienced" Nikolayev 31 March 1954 ASW (56PLO)
Bravy Бравый - "Brave" 25 July 1953 SAM (56K)
Bessledny Бесследный - "Untraceable" 1 April 1954 ASW (56PLO)
Burlivy Бурливый - "Turbulent" or "Tempestuous" 5 May 1954 ASW (56PLO)
Blagorodny Благородный - "Noble" 5 March 1955 ASW (56PLO)
Blestyashchy Блестящий - "Brilliant" 20 February 1953 ASW (56PLO)
Plamenny Пламенный - "Fiery" or "Ardent" 3 September 1955 ASW (56PLO)
Naporysty Напористый - "Forceful" 17 August 1955 ASW (56PLO)
Vyzyvayushchy Вызывающий - "Challenging" Komsomolsk-na-Amure 25 July 1953 ASW (56PLO)
Vesky Веский - "Convincing" 30 January 1954 none
Vdokhnovenny Вдохновенный - "Inspiring" 31 August 1954 ASW (56PLO)
Vozmuscheny Возмущенный - "Indignant" 30 December 1954 ASW (56PLO)
Vozbuzhdeny Возбужденный - "Excited" 29 July 1955 SAM (56A)
Vliyatelny Влиятельный - "Influential" 29 October 1955 none 17 July 1988
Vyderzhanny Выдержанный - "Consistent" 24 June 1957 10 December 1957 none 24 April 1992
  • Bravy - was the Kotlin SAM prototype

The ships were scrapped between 1987 and 1990.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Глава 2. Ударные надводные силы ВМС НОАК" [Chapter 2. Surface Impact Forces]. flot.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2019-03-15.

Bibliography

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