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Valley Railroad 3025
VALE No. 3025 waiting to depart Deep River, Connecticut, September 24, 2021
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderTangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works
Serial numberSY-1658M[1]
ModelSY
Build dateJuly 1989
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte2-8-2
 • UIC1’D1’
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Leading dia.840 mm (33 in; 2.76 ft)
Driver dia.1,370 mm (54 in; 4.49 ft)
Trailing dia.1,000 mm (39 in; 3.3 ft)
Wheelbase:​
 • Engine31 ft 4 in (9.55 m)
 • Drivers14 ft 6 in (4.42 m)
Length21,643 mm (852.1 in; 71.007 ft)
Width3,300 mm (130 in; 10.8 ft)
Height4,446 mm (175.0 in; 14.587 ft)
Adhesive weight15 t (33,000 lb; 15,000 kg)
Loco weight84 t (185,000 lb; 84,000 kg)
Tender weight54.5 t (120,000 lb; 54,500 kg)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity9.5 t (21,000 lb; 9,500 kg)
Water cap.25,000 L (6,600 US gal)
Firebox:​
 • Grate area4.57 m2 (49.2 sq ft)
Boiler pressure210 psi (1,400 kPa)
Heating surface161 m2 (1,733.0 sq ft)
Superheater:
​
 • Heating area65.5 m2 (705.0 sq ft)
CylindersTwo
Cylinder size530 mm × 710 mm (21 in × 28 in)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Performance figures
Maximum speed50 mph (80.47 km/h)
Power output1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
Tractive effort20,475 kgf (45,140 lbf; 200.79 kN)
Factor of adh.4.05
Career
OperatorsKnox and Kane Railroad, Essex Steam Train and Riverboat
ClassSY
Numbers
  • K&K 1658
  • K&K 58
  • NH 3025
  • VALE 3025
DeliveredDecember 17, 1989
First runMay 19, 1990 (Inaugural K&K run)
RetiredOctober 2004
RestoredNovember 2011
Current ownerEssex Steam Train and Riverboat
DispositionOperational
Reference:[2]

Valley Railroad 3025 is a China Railways SY class 2-8-2 "Mikado"-type steam locomotive. It was built in 1989 by the Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works as SY-1658M, and it was exported to the Knox and Kane Railroad (K&K) in the United States. In 1990, No. 1658 began hauling tourist trains for the K&K between Marienville, Kane, and Mount Jewett, Pennsylvania, and it often operated over the railroad's primary attraction, the Kinzua Bridge. By 2004, the locomotive was put into storage, following a decline in ridership on the K&K.

In March 2008, No. 1658 sustained heavy damage when the shed it was stored in was burned by arsons. In October, it was sold at an auction to the Essex Steam Train and Riverboat (VALE), who shipped it to their Essex, Connecticut location and rebuilt it to cosmetically resemble a New Haven locomotive. Renumbered as No. 3025, the locomotive returned to service, in 2011, and it began hauling tourist trains for the VALE.

Background

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Design

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Main article: China Railways SY

No. 3025's original class, the Chinese SY (abbreviation for Shàng Yóu (上有), Chinese for "Aim High")[3] locomotive, was a development from the JF6 class, which in turn was a variant of the heavier ALCO-designed JF1 class.[4] The SYs received some design features the JF1s and JF6s lacked, including taller smokestacks, alternate motion bracket arrangements, a higher boiler pressure (210 psi (1,400 kPa), a lower axle loading (15 tonnes (33,000 lb), and all boxpok driving wheels.[3][5] Their tender tanks, which carried 9.5 tonnes (21,000 pounds) of coal and 25,000 liters (6,600 U.S. gal) of water, were designed with sloped-back sides for improved rearward vision for crews, since the SYs often operated in reverse.[6]

The first SY (SY-0001) was completed by the Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works in 1960, with production by Tangshan and other manufacturers continuing until 1999, at which over 1,800 SY locomotives had been built.[7][8] In service, the SYs were primarily used for freight and switching services in Chinese mining and industrial areas, such as coal mines, iron ore mines, steel mills, and power stations.[3][9][10] The SYs also hauled passenger trains for workers on long-distance industrial rail networks.[3]

K&K Railroad formation

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In August 1987, the Knox and Kane Railroad (K&K), a shortline railroad that operated low-cost freight trains over former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) trackage in Northwestern Pennsylvania, began operating tourist trains between Marienville, Kane, and Mount Jewett, a distance of 97 miles (156 km).[11][12][13] In Mount Jewett, they used some former Erie trackage to travel across their primary attraction, the Kinzua Bridge, which was one of the tallest railroad bridges in the United States, with a height of 301 feet (92 m) and a length of 2,052 feet (625 m).[11][12][14] The railroad initially operated five-car passenger trains, lead by Huntingdon and Broad Top 38.[11][12][15] During the 1988 operating season, the K&K carried over 17,000 passengers.[16]

History

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Construction and export

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In 1988, the Connecticut Valley Railroad (VALE) announced that they would import a new steam locomotive from China, since Chinese steam locomotives shared identical specifications with American locomotives, and they were still being mass-produced, at the time.[16][17][18] Other tourist railroad operators quickly considered following suit, including the K&K's owner and operator, Sloan Cornell.[19][20] Cornell approached the Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works and placed a $350,000 order for a locomotive with matching specifications and modifications to SY-1647M, the VALE's new locomotive.[19][21]

The K&K's new locomotive was a copy of Tangshan's SY class, and it was numbered SY-1658M —'M' indicated its planned shipment to America.[18][a] Its boiler design had to be altered to meet both the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) boiler code and Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) regulations; a stock-standard Chinese steam locomotive was not permitted to operate in the Northeastern U.S., due to certain construction methods.[20][24] The firebox sheets had to be thickened, the crownsheet staybolts had to be enlarged, and the welding technique for assembling the boiler sections had to be altered.[19] The engineer's controls in the cab also had to be repositioned from the left side to the right side.[19]

Construction on the new SY-1658M locomotive was completed, in July 1989. For several months, there were delays in shipping SY-1658M and SY-1647M, along with the Boone and Scenic Valley Railroad's stock-standard JS class No. 8419, since the Tiananmen Square protests caused difficulties in securing a ship.[19][24] In September, one ship was secured, the M.V. Trade Fir, and the two SY locomotives were loaded on board in Dalian, while No. 8419 was loaded in Qingdao, and then the three locomotives were shipped eastward across the Pacific Ocean.[19][25] In November, No. 8419 was unloaded at Long Beach, California, and the following month, on December 17, the M.V. Trade Fir was docked at the Port of Camden in New Jersey, where the two SY locomotives were unloaded onto the Beckett Street Terminal.[16][19][25] They were subsequently shipped over Conrail to their respective destinations.[16][19][25]

K&K excursion service

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SY-1658M hauling an excursion on the Knox and Kane Railroad, July 1990

In early 1990, SY-1658M arrived at the K&K, and on May 19, it hauled its inaugural train for the railroad.[21] No. 1658 would travel at 15 miles per hour (24 km/h) through the Allegheny National Forest, between Marienville and Mount Jewett, and at Mount Jewett, it would operate over the Kinzua Bridge for sightseers and photographers.[26] Operating the SY in excursion service was quickly deemed a success, as Cornell became impressed with its improved performance and efficiency.[20][21] No. 1658 subsequently became the K&K's only operable steam locomotive, while No. 38 was out of service for repairs. Sometime during its career on the K&K, No. 1658's road number was shortened to 58.[27]

On June 27, 2002, the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) banned all trains from crossing the Kinzua Bridge after it was determined that the deteriorating bridge was at risk of collapse from heavy winds.[28][29][30] The K&K's excursions were consequently shortened to stop right before the bridge, and diesels had to begin hauling the trains instead of No. 58, since the wye used to turn the locomotive was on the other side.[29][30] The loss of the scenic trip over the bridge and the absence of a steam locomotive slowly began to affect the K&K's excursion ridership.[29]

In February 2003, workers from an Ohio-based construction and repair company began to restore and stabilize the Kinzua Bridge to eventually reopen it for the K&K.[28][30] On July 21, after all of the workers left for the day, a major storm spawned a tornado which struck the bridge, resulting in eleven of its twenty support towers toppling over.[30][31] Rebuilding the bridge from its collapsed state was deemed too costly by state officials, so they instead left the ruins on display as a demonstration of the forces of nature.[32][33] Following the collapse, the K&K experienced a 75% decline in passenger ridership, and No. 58 was already left in storage in Kane, awaiting a mandated 1,472-day inspection.[33][34] Sloan Cornell consequently decided to suspend all of the K&K's excursions in October 2004, and his remaining freight operations followed suit by 2006.[33][35][36]

In the early morning of March 16, 2008, an arsonist approached the K&K's equipment shed in Kane, and set it on fire, with their remaining locomotives still inside.[35][37] No. 58 received major exterior damage, with paint being scorched off of its boiler and tender tank, and its original wide cab was damaged beyond repair.[35][38] Most of the locomotive's interior mechanical parts remained intact.[35] The arson attack cost the K&K over $1 million in damage, and all negotiations to reopen the railroad were quickly dropped.[37] Sloan Cornell decided to sell off all of the K&K's remaining equipment, and an auction was held, on October 10-11.[33][35][36]

VALE excursion service

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In 2006, the Connecticut Valley Railroad, who had sold off their No. 1647 locomotive back in late 1991, began searching for another steam locomotive to acquire and supplement their existing roster, since 2-8-0 No. 97 was scheduled to be removed from service for a major overhaul, in 2010, while 2-8-2 No. 40's ongoing overhaul was nearly completed.[38][39] In 2007, the VALE's chief mechanical officer, J. David Conrad, entered negotiations with the K&K to purchase No. 58, since it was still in good condition, but no deals were originally made.[34][39] In October 2008, when the K&K auctioned off their equipment, David Conrad attended the auction, along with VALE locomotive foremen Wayne Hebert and Kjell Benner, and they won the bid for No. 58.[35][40]

The following month, VALE crews removed many parts from the SY, including all of the wheels, the cab, the smokestack, and the air compressor, and then the locomotive was chained to a beam trailer and shipped via truck.[35][41] Upon arrival at the VALE's location in Essex, Connecticut, the wheel-less No. 58 was unloaded and placed outside the VALE's shop building, where crews steam cleaned off any grease, oil and dirt it still contained, and then it was moved into the building.[41] The locomotive's wheels were separately shipped to a machine shop to be turned down and reprofiled, and then they were also shipped to Essex.[41]

No. 58 was further disassembled to undergo multiple required repairs to its boiler and frame.[38][41][42] Since the VALE had already planned to repaint No. 58 and to replace its cab, they decided to cosmetically alter it to resemble a New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (New Haven) J-1 class, and since the final original J-1 was numbered 3024, they opted to renumber the locomotive as 3025.[35][38][b] A new cab was fabricated with ALCO specifications and New Haven-designed windows.[27][38] The tender tank was rebuilt with its handrails removed, and its sloped-back sides were extended upward to form a cuboid design.[38][44] The locomotive was also cosmetically decorated with some original New Haven parts, including a former whistle, a former bell, and two former headlights, and a new numberplate was fabricated.[27][38]

The purchase, shipping, and rebuild of the SY cost the VALE $540,000.[27] Throughout November 2011, VALE No. 3025 was reassembled and underwent some successful test runs over the VALE's trackage, one of which occurred on November 22, when it was turned around on Amtrak's wye at the VALE's Old Saybrook interchange.[45] On November 25, No. 3025 hauled its inaugural train for the VALE, which was the second section of that day's North Pole Express excursion, from Essex to Chester, and return.[45] It subsequently began hauling additional tourist trains on the line, alongside No. 40.[45] In May 2012, No. 3025 hauled some empty freight and passenger trains for a photo charter, hosted by Lerro Productions.[46]

[edit]
  • Knox and Kane No. 58 idling with an excursion consist on the Kinzua Bridge
    Knox and Kane No. 58 idling with an excursion consist on the Kinzua Bridge
  • The firebox doors of No. 3025
    The firebox doors of No. 3025
  • No. 3025 hauling an excursion for the VALE, November 6, 2015
    No. 3025 hauling an excursion for the VALE, November 6, 2015
  • No. 3025 traversing onto a switch at Deep River, September 24, 2021
    No. 3025 traversing onto a switch at Deep River, September 24, 2021
  • No. 3025 waiting to depart Essex with the North Pole Express excursion, December 17, 2021
    No. 3025 waiting to depart Essex with the North Pole Express excursion, December 17, 2021

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ A second SY-1658 locomotive was built specifically for domestic usage in China, being assigned to work at the Hanson Iron and Steel works.[22] As of 2024, SY-1658 is preserved at Handan East railway station.[23]
  2. ^ An SY-3025 locomotive is preserved at Nanhu Park in China, having been built by the Changchun factory, in 1998, as SY-3023.[43]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to SY 1658 steam locomotive.
  1. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 163
  2. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 174
  3. ^ a b c d Gibbons (2016), p. 63
  4. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 1
  5. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 2
  6. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 71
  7. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 69
  8. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 70
  9. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 156
  10. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 159
  11. ^ a b c Heimbuecher, Ruth (August 2, 1987). "Kinzua steam railroad to open excursion route". The Pittsburgh Press. Vol. 104, no. 40. p. 32. Retrieved October 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ a b c Graff, Bill (August 12, 1987). "Kinzua Railroad: Back on track". The Indiana Gazette. Vol. 83, no. 299. p. 28. Retrieved October 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ Murray, John (September 1988). "Allegheny: the phoenix of northwestern Pennsylvania". Trains. Vol. 48, no. 11. Kalmbach Publishing. pp. 23–24. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
  14. ^ "Kinzua Railway Viaduct". Historic Landmarks. American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  15. ^ Cotey, Angela (April 26, 2010). "Sloan Cornell, steam tourist railroad pioneer, dies". Trains News Wire. Kalmbach Media. Archived from the original on October 4, 2024. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
  16. ^ a b c d Ap (1989-12-25). "Steam Rides Again! China Engines, U.S. Rails". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  17. ^ Conrad, J. David (August 1993). "Aberdeen & Rockfish 2-8-2 40". Railfan & Railroad. Vol. 12, no. 8. Carstens Publications. p. 42.
  18. ^ a b Miller (2017), p. 107
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h Miller (2017), p. 108
  20. ^ a b c "Railnews - Tang Shan 2-8-2s". Railfan & Railroad. Vol. 9, no. 9. Carstens Publications. September 1990. p. 38.
  21. ^ a b c Graff, Bill (May 30, 1990). "Strangford man engineers steam ride at Kane". The Indiana Gazette. Vol. 86, no. 237. p. 27. Retrieved October 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 157
  23. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 169
  24. ^ a b Keefe, Kevin P. (September 1989). "Stranded steam". Trains. Vol. 49, no. 11. Kalmbach Publishing. pp. 7–8, 18. Retrieved September 19, 2024.
  25. ^ a b c "Railroad News Photos". Trains. Vol. 50, no. 5. Kalmbach Publishing. March 1990. p. 14. Retrieved September 19, 2024.
  26. ^ Smith, Joan Merkel (June 16, 1991). "Train rolls through Kane golf course, back yards". The Pittsburgh Press. Vol. 107, no. 353. pp. 84, 86. Retrieved October 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ a b c d Laepple, Wayne (February 2012). "Can you spell 'New Haven' in Mandarin?". Trains. Vol. 72, no. 2. Kalmbach Publishing. p. 65. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  28. ^ a b "Kinzua Bridge State Park". Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on November 6, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
  29. ^ a b c Kraft, Randy (August 18, 2002). "Effort is on to keep airy bridge from ever tumbling down". The Morning Call. p. 66. Retrieved October 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ^ a b c d Thomas, Lillian (July 27, 2003). "A monument to danger, People are warned away from damaged Kinzua Viaduct". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. pp. C1, C3. Retrieved October 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ^ Gannett Fleming (December 2003). "Appendix D: Eyewitness Accounts Construction Crew of the W.M. Brode Company" (PDF). Report on the July 21st Collapse of the Kinzua Viaduct (Report). Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 22, 2012. Retrieved January 29, 2009.
  32. ^ Genshiemer, Lisa (Fall 2005). "Hope for the Kinzua Viaduct" (PDF). Society for Industrial Archeology Newsletter. 34 (4): 10–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
  33. ^ a b c d "Inventory from Kinzua railroad put on the block". Pittsburgh-Post Gazette. Vol. 82, no. 60. September 29, 2008. p. 16. Retrieved October 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ a b Nanos (2012), p. 29
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h Nanos (2012), p. 30
  36. ^ a b "Kane Republican – Sale, auction dims future for tourist train". November 20, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  37. ^ a b Volser, Adam (March 16, 2008). "Arson fire in Kane causes ,1 million in damage, severely burns two locomotives once used for Kinzua Bridge State Park tourist trips". The Bradford Era. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g Miller (2017), p. 109
  39. ^ a b Nanos (2012), p. 28
  40. ^ "Preservation Briefs". Trains. Vol. 69, no. 1. Kalmbach Publishing. January 2009. p. 67. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  41. ^ a b c d Nanos (2012), p. 31
  42. ^ Nanos (2012), p. 32
  43. ^ Gibbons (2016), pp. 161, 170
  44. ^ Gibbons (2016), p. 111
  45. ^ a b c Nanos (2012), p. 33
  46. ^ Barry, Steve (August 2012). "Rain, rain…". Railfan & Railroad. Vol. 31, no. 8. Carstens Publications. pp. 40–41.

Further reading

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  • Gibbons, Robin (2016). Locomotives of China - The JF6 Family - The JF6, PL2, YJ and SY Classes. United Kingdom: Tynedale Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9934192-1-8.
  • Miller, Max R. (2017). Along the Valley Line: The History of the Connecticut Valley Railroad. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-7737-5.
  • Nanos, Tom (March 2012). "Mikado Reborn". Railfan & Railroad. Vol. 31, no. 3. Carstens Publications. pp. 28–33.
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