Knight Kadosh
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The Knight Kadosh is a Freemasonic degree or ceremony of initiation performed by a number of Supreme Councils of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. It is the 30th Degree of the Southern Jurisdiction of the Scottish Rite for the United States of America,[1] and the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of Canada.[2] The Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the Scottish Rite, does not currently confer a degree with the name Knight Kadosh. Instead its thirtieth degree is entitled "Grand Inspector."[3]
The term "Kadosh" is derived from the Hebrew word "קדוש", which means holy or consecrated.[4] "Kadosh" and "Knight Kadosh" is often abbreviated in masonic documents as "K--H∴"[5] and "K∴K∴D∴H".[6]
History
[edit]The earliest recorded portrayal of the "Knight Kadosh" degree can be linked to the Council of Emperors of the East and West in 1758. This council united several Masonic degrees being conducted in 18th century Paris, France.[7][8] The "Knight Kadosh," or originally "Illustrious and Grand Commander of the White and Black Eagle, Grand Elect Kadosh," was part of a full complement of twenty-five degrees or grades governed by this council. The "Knight Kadosh" was the twenty-fourth degree of this complement.[8][9]
In 1801, the first and oldest Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite was founded in Charleston, South Carolina. This body adopted many of the degrees of the Council of Emperors of the East and West, including that of "Knight Kadosh." The "Knight Kadosh" degree was adopted as the thirtieth degree and was simply titled "Knight Kadosh."[8][10] The degree received a substantial re-write in the 1850s when Albert Pike was Grand Commander of the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States. It was further revised in 2000.[11]
A different form of the Knight Kadosh degree, using a ritual not authored by Pike, was for many years performed in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States, headquartered at Lexington, Massachusetts. However, that body no longer performs the degree.[12]
Lesson of the Degree
[edit]Like all Masonic Degrees, the Knight Kadosh Degree attempts to teach the initiates a series of moral lessons by the use of allegory and symbolism. The lesson in the Southern Jurisdiction of the Knight Kadosh Degree is that Masons should be "true to ourselves, to stand for what is right and just in our lives today. To believe in God, country and ourselves."[13]
Controversy
[edit]
The Knight Kadosh degree has occasionally been accused of being anti-Catholic.
Pike's book Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, first published in 1871, mentions hostility to the papal tiara by the historical Knights Templar when discussing the Kadosh degree.[14]
As early as 1905, an expose of Scottish Rite ritual specifically describes the stabbing of a skull crowned with a tiara.[15] This expose was originally written by abolitionist Jonathan Blanchard, leader of the post-Civil War Second Anti-Masonic Party.
The 1918 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia stated that in the ceremony in use in the Southern Jurisdiction of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite in the United States and written by Albert Pike, the Papal tiara is trampled during the initiation.[16] This accusation was repeated by Father William Saunders in the Arlington Catholic Herald in 1996.[17]
Masonic author Frank Conway, in a book reviewing both the history and current practice of rituals for both the NMJ and SJ, written in 2017, describes the Knight Kadosh degree as involving "three skulls, one with a crown, one with a Pope's tiara, and one wrapped in laurel leaves."[18]
References
[edit]- ^ Freemasons for Dummies, Christopher Hodapp, ISBN 0-7645-9796-5, Hungry Minds Inc, U.S., 2005. p. 225
- ^ "Scottish Rite Degrees from 4 to 32". 2011-06-07. Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ^ Freemasons for Dummies, Christopher Hodapp, ISBN 0-7645-9796-5, Hungry Minds Inc, U.S., 2005. p. 227
- ^ An Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, Albert G. Mackey, The Masonic History Company, New York, 1917. Vol. 1, p. 378
- ^ "Aug 2001". Archived from the original on 2006-08-27. Retrieved 2006-08-04., accessed Aug 3, 2006
- ^ A New Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, A.E. Waite, ISBN 0-517-19148-2, University Books, New York, 1970. Vol. 1, p. xx
- ^ A New Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, A.E. Waite, ISBN 0-517-19148-2, University Books, New York, 1970. Vol. 1, p. 254
- ^ a b c An Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, Albert G. Mackey, The Masonic History Company, New York, 1917. Vol. 1, p. 379
- ^ A New Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, A.E. Waite, ISBN 0-517-19148-2, University Books, New York, 1970. Vol. 1, p. 432
- ^ A New Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, A.E. Waite, ISBN 0-517-19148-2, University Books, New York, 1970. Vol. 2, p. 412
- ^ The Scottish Rite Ritual Monitor and Guide, Arturo de Hoyos, ISBN 0-9708749-2-8, The Supreme Council, 33°, Southern Jurisdiction, First Edition 2007, pg.79-86.
- ^ Freemasons for Dummies, Christopher Hodapp, ISBN 0-7645-9796-5, Hungry Minds Inc, U.S., 2005. pp. 226-227
- ^ "30th degree - Knight of Kadosh, or Knight of the White and Black Eagle: The lesson of this degree is to be true to ourselves, to stand for what is right and just in our lives today. To believe in God, country and ourselves. There is no apron, but the jewel is a gold Teutonic cross, enameled in red, with the letters J.'.B.'.M.'. on the obverse, and a skull transpierced by a poinard on the reverse." Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction from freemasoninformation.com
- ^ "Thus the Order of Knights of the Temple was at its very origin devoted to the cause of opposition to the tiara of Rome"; Albert Pike, Morals and Dogma, 1871, XXX KNIGHT KADOSH
- ^ Blanchard, Jonathan; Scottish Rite (Masonic order) (1905). Scotch Rite masonry illustrated : the complete ritual of the ancient and accepted Scottish Rite profusely illustrated. Harold B. Lee Library. Chicago, Ill. : E.A. Cook.
- ^ "The Kadosh (thirtieth degree), trampling on the papal tiara and the royal crown, is destined to wreak a just vengeance on these "high criminals" for the murder of Molay [128] and "as the apostle of truth and the rights of man" [129] to deliver mankind "from the bondage of Despotism and the thraldom of spiritual Tyranny"." From the article Masonry (Freemasonry) in the Catholic Encyclopedia.
- ^ "When one reaches the 30th degree in the masonic hierarchy, called the Kadosh, the person crushes with his foot the papal tiara and the royal crown, and swears to free mankind 'from the bondage of despotism and the thraldom of spiritual tyranny.' "Catholics and the Freemason 'Religion'" by Father William Saunders, The Arlington Catholic Herald, May 9, 1996, hosted by the Eternal Word Television Network.
- ^ "The Masonic Pageant". Cornerstone Book Publishers. Retrieved 2023-10-21.