In the 18th century, the Juma numbered between 12,000–15,000 people.[3] The Juma numbered 300 in 1940.[2] In 1998, there were only four Juma people.[citation needed]. As of 2021, there are 17 descendants of Aruká's, the last elder Juma member, who died from COVID-19 in 2021 in Porto Velho. He was survived by his three daughters and grandchildren.[4][1][5]
Júma is one of the eight ethnic varieties of the Kagwahiva language, which belongs to Subgroup VI of the Tupi-Guarani languages.[2] The most elderly native speaker, called Aruka Juma, died in 2021.[6][7] Furthermore, the language has been documented since 2019 through the recording of vocabulary lists, traditional narratives, everyday stories, etc. Some of the texts can accessed through the website of the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages.[8]
Brazil (
Amazonas)