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Karnali Province

Coordinates: 29°16′N 82°11′E / 29.27°N 82.18°E / 29.27; 82.18
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Karnali Province
कर्णाली प्रदेश
Karṇālī pradēśa
From top going clockwise:Phoksundo lake, Sinja Valley, Simikot, Rara lake, ruins of Kakre Bihar in Surkhet and Kanjiroba
Official seal of Karnali Province
Seal
Location of Karnali Province
Location of Karnali Province
Divisions of Karnali Province
Coordinates: 29°16′N 82°11′E / 29.27°N 82.18°E / 29.27; 82.18
Country   Nepal
Formation20 September 2015
Named as Karnali25 February 2018
Named forKarnali River
CapitalBirendranagar
Largest cityBirendranagar
Districts10
Government
 • TypeProvince
 • BodyGovernment of Karnali Province
 • GovernorYagya Raj Joshi
 • Chief MinisterYam Lal Kandel
 • High CourtSurkhet High Court
 • Provincial AssemblyUnicameral (40 seats)
 • Parliamentary constituencyPratinidhi Sabha 12
Rastriya Sabha 8
Area
 • Total27,984 km2 (10,805 sq mi)
 • Rank1st
Highest elevation
(Churen Himal[1])
7,348 m (24,108 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Kuine)
180 m (590 ft)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total1,694,889
 • Rank7th
 • Density61/km2 (160/sq mi)
  • Rank7th
DemonymMadhya Pashchimeli Nepali
Time zoneUTC+5:45 (NST)
GeocodeNP-SI
ISO 3166 codeNP-P6
Official LanguageNepali
Other Official Languages1.Jumli
2.Magar
HDI0.469 (low)
HDI rank7th
LiteracyIncrease76.6%(2024)
Sex ratio95.78 ♂ /100 ♀ (2011)
GDPUS$1.44 billion
GDP rank7th
Websitewww.karnali.gov.np

Karnali Province (Nepali: कर्णाली प्रदेश) is one of the seven federal provinces of Nepal formed by the new constitution, which was adopted on 20 September 2015.[2] The total area of the province is 27,984 square kilometres (10,805 sq mi), making it the largest province in Nepal with 18.97% of the country's area. According to the 2011 Nepal census, the population of the province was 1,570,418, making it the least populous province in Nepal. The province borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the east, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, and Lumbini Province to the south.[3] Birendranagar with a population of 154,886 is both the province's capital and largest city.[4]

Etymology

[edit]

The province's name is derived from the Karnali River, which flows through the province. A meeting of the provincial assembly on 25 February 2018 adopted the name Karnali for the province.[5][6]

History

[edit]
Further information: Khasa kingdom and Baise Rajya

Karnali is an old civilization connected with the Karnali River[7] Archaeological sites found in Jumla, Surkhet and Dailekh infer that the area was part of the old Khasa kingdom, established during the 11th century. The capital of the Khas Kingdom was Sinja in present-day Jumla district. The kingdom expanded to a great extent in the 13th and 14th century; expanding to Garhwal in the west, Mansarowar and Guge regions of Tibet in the north, Gorkha-Nuwakot regions in the east and Kapilvastu with large areas of Terai in the south. After the late 14th century, the Khas empire collapsed and was divided into the Baise Rajya (22 principalities) in Karnali-Bheri region.[8]

Before the unification of modern Nepal, a part of Karnali (from Karnali River to Bheri River) was in the Sanghiya Baise Rajya (22 principality confederacy). The principalities were sovereign but intermittently allied among themselves until they were annexed during the unification of modern Nepal from 1744 to 1810.

Geography

[edit]

Karnali is the largest province of Nepal with an area of 27,984 km2 (10,805 sq mi). The province is surrounded by Gandaki Province in east, Lumbini Province in south-east and south, Sudurpashchim Province in the west and Tibet Autonomous Region of China in north.

The province has occupied higher mountains land of north and mid-hills of Nepal. It contains Kubi Gangri, Changla and Kanjiroba mountains in north. The Shey Phoksundo National Park with Phoksundo lake is the largest national park of Nepal and Rara lake is the largest lake of Nepal which are located in Karnali Province. Karnali River is the biggest river of the province which is thought to be the longest river in Nepal. Seti River and Bheri River are tributaries of Karnali, and Kupinde Daha is a lake of Karnali.

Average temperatures and precipitation for selected communities in Karnali[9]
Location August

(°F)

August

(°C)

January

(°F)

January

(°C)

Annual

Precipitation (mm/in)

Kharpunath 48 8.9 9.5 −12.5 209.5/8.2
Simikot 54.9 12.7 17.6 −8 304.2/12
Chandannath 60.8 16 29.7 −1.3 728.9/28.7
Narayan 71.8 22.1 45.3 7.4 1252.3/49.3
Birendranagar 78.4 25.8 53.2 11.8 1651/65

Demographics

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According to the 2021 Census of Nepal, Karnali Province has a population of 1,688,412 comprising 864,651 females and 823,761 males. The province has the lowest population in the country, having 5.93% of the population on 19.74% of the land. The population density of the province is 56 people per square kilometer.[10]

Ethnic groups

[edit]

Castes/ethnicities in Karnali province (2011)

  Chhetri (41.61%)
  Kami (15.84%)
  Magar (10.88%)
  Thakuri (10.29%)
  Hill Brahmin (8.36%)
  Damai (3.98%)
  Sarki (2.63%)
  Sanyasi (1.69%)
  Others (4.72%)
Community Population Percentage
Chhetri 653,379 41.61%
Kami 248,761 15.84%
Magar 170,797 10.88%
Thakuri 161,556 10.29%
Hill Brahmin 131,288 8.36%
Damai 62,464 3.98%
Sarki 41,230 2.63%
Sanyasi 26,513 1.69%

Khas Arya is the largest ethno-linguistic indigenous group in the province, with Chhetri, Kami, Thakuri and Bahun dominating the population. The largest non-Khas Arya group are the Magars who make up 170,797 (10.88%) of the population. Tamang (0.88%) and Gurung (0.70%) are other Janajati groups in the province with a significant population.[10][11]

Languages

[edit]
Main article: Languages of Karnali Province
Language Speakers Percentage
Nepali 1,500,538 95.55%
Magar 32,537 2.07%
Tamang 11,252 0.72%
Tharu 6,443 0.41%
Others 19,648 1.25%

Languages of Karnali province (2011)

  Nepali (95.55%)
  Magar (2.07%)
  Others (2.38%)

Of the population, 95.55% in the province speak Nepali as their native language. Other languages spoken in the region are Magar (2.07%) and Tamang (0.72%).[10][11]

The Language Commission of Nepal has recommended Magar as an additional official language in the province. The most spoken language is Nepali, which is known with its original name Khas Bhasha in the province.[12]

Religion

[edit]

Religion in Karnali Province

  Hinduism (95.35%)
  Buddhism (3.1%)
  Christianity (1.30%)
  Others (0.25%)

Hinduism is the most followed religion in the province with 95.34% of the people identifying as Hindus. Buddhism is the largest minority religion, being followed by 3.09%, and Christianity is the second-largest minority religion, being followed by 1.30% of the population.[11]

Government and administration

[edit]
Main articles: Provincial governments of Nepal, Provincial Assembly of Karnali Province, and Cabinet of Karnali Province

The Governor acts as the head of the province while the Chief Minister is the head of the provincial government. The Chief Judge of the Surkhet High Court is the head of the judiciary.[13] The present Governor, Chief Minister and Chief Judge are Govindra Prasad Kaulani, Jeevan Bahadur Shahi and Hari Kumar Pokharel respectively.[14][15] The province has 40 provincial assembly constituencies, 12 House of Representative constituencies and eight National Assembly seats.[16]

Karnali has a unicameral legislature, like all of the other provinces in Nepal. The term length of the provincial assembly is five years. The Provincial Assembly of Karnali Province is temporarily housed at the Irrigation Division Office in Birendranagar.[17]

Administrative subdivisions

[edit]
Further information: Administration in Karnali Province
See also: Districts of Nepal, List of cities in Nepal, and List of gaupalikas of Nepal

Karnali is divided into ten districts.

Districts Headquarters Population (2011)[18]
Western Rukum District Musikot 155,383
Salyan District Salyan 242,444
Dolpa District Dunai 36,700
Humla District Simikot 50,858
Jumla District Chandannath 108,921
Kalikot District Manma 136,948
Mugu District Gamgadhi 55,286
Surkhet District Birendranagar 350,804
Dailekh District Narayan 261,770
Jajarkot District Khalanga 171,304

A district is administered by the head of the District Coordination Committee and the District Administration Officer. The districts are further dived to municipalities or rural municipalities which are further divided into wards. There are 25 municipalities and 54 rural municipalities in the province.[19] The capital and largest city of the province is Birendranagar. It is only city in the province with a population of over 50,000.

 
 
Largest cities or towns in Karnali Province
Central Bureau of Statistics [1]
Rank District Pop.
Birendranagar
Birendranagar 		1 Birendranagar Surkhet 100,458
2 Gurbhakot Surkhet 43,765
3 Dullu Dailekh 41,540
4 Bheriganga Surkhet 41,407
5 Bangad Kupinde Salyan 36,052
6 Chhedagad Jajarkot 35,295
7 Bagchaur Salyan 34,118
8 Shaarada Salyan 33,730
9 Aathbiskot Rukum West 33,601
10 Bheri Jajarkot 33,515

Economy

[edit]

Karnali Province has the lowest growth rate in the country with an annual economic growth rate of 5.7% and is also contributes the least to the GDP at 4.1%. The province is among the poorest in Nepal with an estimated 28.9% of people living under absolute poverty (second highest in the country) and 51.7% of the people are multidimensionally poor (highest in the country). The unemployment rate in the province stands at 9.7% which is the third-lowest in the country.[20]

Agriculture

[edit]

Karnali is the largest producer of barley in the country and accounted for 43% of the country's total share of barley production in 2018/19.[20]

Environment

[edit]

It is estimated in 2023, or the year 2078 in Nepal, that more than 96 percent or 1,644,022 of the citizens of Karnali province are forced to drink contaminated water, and only 3 percent or 50,847 of citizens in the province have access to clean drinking water, according to Nepalnews.[21]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ https://nepaloutlook.com/karnali-province/#:~:text=The%20highest%20peak%20point%20of,capital%20of%20the%20Karnali%20Province.
  2. ^ "Nepal Provinces". statoids.com. Archived from the original on 2017-07-18. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
  3. ^ "Prov 6 named as Karnali, permanent capital in Birendranagar". www.myrepublica.com. 24 February 2018. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  4. ^ "Government finalises provinces' governors and temporary headquarters". nepalekhabar.com. 17 January 2018. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  5. ^ "Province 6 named Karnali; Surkhet capital". kathmandupost.ekantipur.com. Archived from the original on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2019-03-07.
  6. ^ Times, Nepali (13 July 2018). "Naming new provinces". Archived from the original on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2019-03-07.
  7. ^ "कर्णाली प्रदेश एक चिनारी". www.ocmcm.karnali.gov.np. The office of chief minister and cabinet of Karnali Province. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  8. ^ "Nepal in the Medieval Period". www.telegraphnepal.com. 2 February 2015. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  9. ^ "Nepal Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  10. ^ a b c "तथ्याङ्कमा कर्णाली प्रदेश.pdf". Google Docs (in Nepali). Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal. p. 34. Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
  11. ^ a b c "National Data Portal-Nepal". nationaldata.gov.np. Archived from the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
  12. ^ "सरकारी कामकाजको भाषाका आधारहरूको निर्धारण तथा भाषासम्बन्धी सिफारिसहरू (पञ्चवर्षीय प्रतिवेदन- साराांश) २०७८" (PDF). Language Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
  13. ^ "High Courts get their chief judges". Archived from the original on 2018-03-23. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  14. ^ "Mahendra Bahadur Shahi set to be Province 6 CM | Setopati – Nepal's Digital Newspaper". setopati.net. Archived from the original on 2018-04-28. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  15. ^ "President administers oath of office to newly-appointed governors". The Himalayan Times. 2019-11-05. Archived from the original on 2019-12-19. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  16. ^ "CDC creates 495 constituencies". The Himalayan Times. 2017-08-31. Archived from the original on 2018-04-25. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  17. ^ "First Provincial Assembly meeting begins in 4 provinces". Archived from the original on 2018-04-28. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  18. ^ 2011 Census District Level Detail Report Archived 2018-09-02 at the Wayback Machine, Central Bureau of Statistics.
  19. ^ "स्थानिय तह". 103.69.124.141. Archived from the original on 2018-08-31. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  20. ^ a b Khatiwada, Dr. Yuba Raj. "Economic survey 2018/19, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Finance". Government of Nepal, Ministry of Finance: 14.
  21. ^ Samiti, Rastriya Samachar (2023). "96% drinking contaminated water". nepalnews.com. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
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