List of countries with multiple capitals

Some countries can be considered to have multiple capitals. In some cases, one city is the capital for some purposes, and one or more others are capital for other purposes, without any being considered an official capital in preference to the others. There are also cases where there is a single legally defined capital, but one or more other cities operate as the seat of government of some or all parts of the national government; in these situations, sources may disagree on whether these other cities are considered additional capital cities.

More than one capital at present

Country	Capitals	Details
Benin	Porto-Novo	Official capital
Benin	Cotonou	De facto administrative capital
Bolivia	Sucre	Constitutional capital
Bolivia	La Paz	De facto executive and legislative capital
Burundi	Gitega	Official political capital
Burundi	Bujumbura	Seat of government and economic capital^[1]
Eswatini	Mbabane	Administrative capital
Eswatini	Lobamba	Legislative capital (parliament) and place of royal residence
Ivory Coast	Yamoussoukro	Official capital
Ivory Coast	Abidjan	De facto administrative capital^[2]
Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	Constitutional and legislative capital (parliament), seat of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Malaysia	Putrajaya	Administrative centre and judicial seat; variously referred to as the administrative capital^[3]
Netherlands	Amsterdam	Official capital
Netherlands	The Hague	Seat of government and de facto administrative capital
South Africa	Pretoria	Administrative and executive capital
	Bloemfontein	Judicial capital
	Cape Town	Legislative capital (parliament)
Sri Lanka	Colombo	Executive, judicial, and commercial^[4] capital
Sri Lanka	Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte	Legislative capital (parliament)
Afghanistan	Kabul	Administrative, cultural and financial capital
Afghanistan	Kandahar	De facto capital, founding city of the Taliban and the seat of the Taliban Parliament. and the Supreme Leader^[5]

More than one capital in the past

These countries have had two cities that served as administrative capitals at the same time, for various reasons such as war, weather or partition. In some cases, the second capital is considered a temporary capital.

Country	Year(s)	Capitals	Details
British India	1858–1947	Kolkata (a.k.a. Calcutta) (1858–1911)	Administrative capital
		New Delhi (1911–1947)	Administrative capital
		Shimla (a.k.a. Simla)	Summer capital
Austria-Hungary	1873–1918	Vienna	Cisleithania
Austria-Hungary	1873–1918	Budapest	Kingdom of Hungary
Republic of China	1937–1945	Nanjing (a.k.a. Nanking)	Capital of the Japanese-controlled puppet state
	1937–1945	Chongqing	Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China
	1945–1991	Nanjing	Administrative, legislative, and judicial capital (claimed between the 1949 Retreat and the 1992 Consensus)
	1945–1991	Taipei	Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China on Taiwan
France	1940–1944	Vichy	De facto administrative capital
France	1940–1944	Paris	De jure constitutional capital, also capital for the German military administration
Kingdom of Italy	1943–1944	Brindisi (1943–Feb 1944)	De facto provisional capital
		Salerno (Feb–Jun 1944)	De facto provisional capital
		Rome	De jure capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies
Italian Social Republic	1943–1944	Salò	De facto capital until 1944 when it became the primary capital
Italian Social Republic	1943–1944	Rome	De jure capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies
Laos	1947–1975	Vientiane	Administrative capital
Laos	1947–1975	Luang Prabang	Royal capital
Libya	1951–1963	Tripoli	One of two official capitals of the Kingdom of Libya, then Bayda became the capital of Libya from 1963 to 1969
Libya	1951–1963	Benghazi
Malawi	1974–1994	Lilongwe	Administrative and judiciary capital
Malawi	1974–1994	Zomba	Legislative capital
Netherlands-Indonesia Union	1948–1956	Amsterdam	Kingdom of the Netherlands
Netherlands-Indonesia Union	1948–1956	Jakarta	United States of Indonesia
Norway	1940	Oslo	Official capital
Norway	1940	Hamar	Temporarily one-day capital that seated the parliament^[6]
Philippines	1948–1976	Quezon City	Official capital
	1948–1976	Manila	De facto seat of government
	1901–1976	Baguio	Summer capital (still known as summer capital, outside of political use)
Serbia and Montenegro	2003–2006	Belgrade	Administrative and legislative capital
Serbia and Montenegro	2003–2006	Podgorica	Judicial capital