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Joint Strike Missile

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Joint Strike Missile
TypeAir-launched anti-ship or land attack cruise missile
Place of originNorway
United States
Production history
DesignerKongsberg Defence & Aerospace
Raytheon Missiles & Defense
DesignedFrom 2008 until mid-2018[1]
ManufacturerKongsberg Defence & Aerospace
Raytheon Missiles & Defense
Developed fromNaval Strike Missile
Produced2021
Specifications
Mass416 kg (917 lb)
Length4.00 m (13 ft 1 in)
Width480 mm (1 ft 7 in) stowed
Height520 mm (1 ft 8 in)
WarheadBlast-fragmentation
Warhead weight120 kg (260 lb)
Detonation
mechanism
Time delay, impact
Blast yield100 kg (220 lb) TNT equivalent[2]
EngineWilliams International F‐415 small turbofan
Operational
range
  • 555 km (345 mi; 300 nmi) hi‐hi‐lo
  • >275 km (171 mi; 148 nmi)[3]
  • 185 km (115 mi; 100 nmi) lo‐lo‐lo
Maximum speed Mach 0.9 (310 m/s; 1,000 ft/s) estimated
Guidance
system
GPS, INS, TERCOM, Autonomous Target Recognition (ATR)
AccuracyCEP 1 m (3 ft 3 in)
Launch
platform
F-35, F-16, F/A-18E/F, and F-15E
ReferencesJanes[4]

The Joint Strike Missile (JSM) is a multi-role, air-launched cruise missile under development by the Norwegian company Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace and American company Raytheon Missiles & Defense. The JSM is derived from the Naval Strike Missile.

Development

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A development of the Naval Strike Missile (NSM), the Joint Strike Missile (JSM) will feature an option for ground strike and a two-way communications line, so that the missile can communicate with the central control room or other missiles in the air. This missile will be integrated with the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. Studies have shown that the F-35 would be able to carry two of these in its internal bays, while four additional missiles could be carried externally.

Lockheed Martin and Kongsberg signed a joint-marketing agreement for this air-launched version of the NSM, as well as an agreement committing both parties to integrating the JSM on the F-35 platform.[5][6] The project is funded by Norway and Australia.[7] Kongsberg signed a contract for the first phase of development of the JSM in April, 2009, which is scheduled for completion within 18 months.[8] The JSM will have multicore computers running the Integrity real-time operating system from Green Hills Software.[9]

Compared with the Naval Strike Missile, the Joint Strike Missile features:

  • A larger warhead[10]
  • Form factor altered to allow the missile to fit into the F-35's internal bays[11]
  • The ability to attack sea and land targets
  • Compatibility with various aircraft as launch platforms
  • Improved range: estimates include 150 nmi (170 mi; 280 km)[11] to more than 100 nmi low-low or more than 300 nmi (350 mi; 560 km) hi-low flight profiles[12]

In November 2015, an F-16 Fighting Falcon successfully completed live-fire testing of the JSM at the Utah Test and Training Range.[13][14]

The integration of the JSM with the F-35, and testing in the United States is facilitated by Lone Star Analysis, under long term contract with the Norwegian Ministry of Defense.[15]

On 22 August 2024, Australia's Minister for Defence Industry and Capability Delivery, the Hon. Pat Conroy MP, announced a AU$850 million partnership agreement had been signed with Kongsberg's local subsidiary — Kongsberg Defence Australia — for the manufacture and servicing of the JSM (and NSM) for the Australian Defence Force (ADF) at a new purpose built factory. The factory is to be constructed at RAAF Base Williamtown near the city of Newcastle in New South Wales. Manufacturing of missiles is expected to commence from 2027.[16]

Other variants

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Kongsberg were studying methods to deploy the JSM from Norway's submarines,[17] and found shaping the missile to fit into the F-35's confined bomb-bay also enabled it to fit in the Mark 41 Vertical Launching System. A VL-JSM could also compete with the Lockheed LRASM for the U.S. Navy's OASuW Increment 2 for a ship-launched anti-ship missile.[18]

On 15 July 2014, Kongsberg and Raytheon announced that they had formed a teaming agreement to offer the JSM to the United States Navy for their Offensive Anti-Surface Warfare (OASuW) requirement;[19] Raytheon would produce JSMs for the American market.[20] A teaming agreement is an interim agreement between partners which commits them to their roles during the development and marketing stage of a project. It would generally be transformed into a formal sub-contracting agreement once an order for delivery has been placed.[21]

The Navy plans to begin a competition for the OASuW requirement in 2017, which will likely pit the Kongsberg/Raytheon JSM against the Lockheed Martin AGM-158C LRASM.[22]

Production

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The serial production began in 2021.[23]

Production facilities

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Norway - Kongsberg

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The main production facility for the JSM is located in Norway.

Australia - Kongsberg

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Prior to the formal order of the JSM by the Australian Air Force in September 2024, Kongsberg announced in August 2024 that it was building a facility where the missile would be manufactured, in collaboration with the Australian government.[24]

United States - Kongsberg

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In September 2024, Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace announced that it was building a new missile production facility in James City County in Virginia. The plan is to have a facility that will assemble, upgrade and repair the Naval Strike Missile and the Joint Strike Missile. The investment will amount to USD $100 million, and Kongsberg plans to hire 180 people.[25][26]

Suppliers

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United States

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Operators

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Future operators

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 Australia
List of orders:
  • September 2024, contract valued at NOK 1 billion.[28][29]
 Japan
The Japan Air Self-Defence Force chose the JSM as ASuW weapon for the F-35A as it can be carried internally.[30]
List of orders:
  • March 2019, contract awarded to supply the JSM starting in April 2021.[31][32][33]
  • November 2019, follow-on order valued at NOK 450 million (USD $49 million).[34][35]
  • December 2020, follow-on order valued at NOK 820 million.[36]
  • November 2024, 4th order valued at NOK 1.9 billion.[37][30]
 Norway
The Royal Norwegian Air Force ordered the JSM in October 2021 for their fleet of F-35 fighters. The initial delivery was expected for 2023.[38][39]
 United States
The Department of Defense selected the JSM for the United States Air Force.[40][41] List of orders:
  • March 2023, plan to procure 268 JSM over five years:[40][41]
    • FY2024, 48 missiles ordered for a value of USD $141 million, to be produced in Norway.[42]
    • FY2025, 50 missiles ordered for a value of USD $165.9 million.[43]

Potential operators

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 Finland
In December 2021, the Finnish Air Force selected F-35 as their future fighter jet, and have selected JSM among other weaponry.[44] As of 2024, no firm order has been confirmed.
 Italy
In July 2024, the Italian parliament revealed that it would equip the 20 F-35B of the Italian Navy with the JSM missile and the MBDA SPEAR 3.[45] These aircraft can be operated from the two aircraft carriers of the Italian Navy.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Joint Strike Missile (JSM)". airforce-technology. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  2. ^ "JSM Missile" (PDF). aerocontact.
  3. ^ "NSM-JSM Missiles" (PDF). Kongsberg. 4 May 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 July 2023.
  4. ^ Janes (21 November 2022), "Joint Strike Missile (JSM)", Janes Weapons: Air Launched, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Group UK Limited., retrieved 26 December 2022
  5. ^ "Sign joint marketing agreement". Kongsberg. 31 January 2007. Archived from the original on 22 February 2007.
  6. ^ "Important cooperative agreement with Lockheed Martin". Kongsberg. 9 June 2009. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012.
  7. ^ Norway pushes naval strike missile for JSF – Jane's Defence Weekly, 20 July 2005
  8. ^ "Development contract for the Joint Strike Missile valued at MNOK 166". Kongsberg. 27 April 2009. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Kongsberg selects Integrity for missile programme". ElectronicsTalk. Archived from the original on September 4, 2010.
  10. ^ Trevithick, Joseph (May 31, 2018). "It's Official, The Navy's Next Anti-Ship Cruise Missile Will Be The Naval Strike Missile". The Drive. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023.
  11. ^ a b Perry, Dominic (30 November 2012). "Norway pushes for further assurances over JSM integration on F-35". Flight Global. Archived from the original on 1 March 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  12. ^ "Naval and Joint Strike Missiles Update Precision Strike Annual Review (PSAR-14)". Kongsberg. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  13. ^ Gady, Franz-Stefan (13 November 2015). "F-35's Joint Strike Missile Successfully Completes Flight Test in US". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  14. ^ Seligman, Lara (11 November 2015). "F-35's Joint Strike Missile Completes Flight Test". Defense News. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024.
  15. ^ King, Rita (2019-01-29). "Lone Star Analysis Secures High-Value Contract with Norwegian Ministry of Defence". Lone Star Analysis. Archived from the original on 2023-09-23. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
  16. ^ "Australian Government, Defence Ministers, Media Releases". 22 August 2024.
  17. ^ Scott, Richard (24 January 2013). "Kongsberg studies JSM for submarine launch". Janes. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  18. ^ "New Details on the Kongsberg Vertical Launch Joint Strike Missile (VL JSM)". Navy Recognition. 14 January 2015. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  19. ^ "Raytheon and Kongsberg team to provide air-launched Offensive Anti-Surface Warfare solutions". Kongsberg. 15 July 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020.
  20. ^ Chuter, Andrew (15 July 2014). "Raytheon To Produce US Variant of Kongsberg's JSM". Defense News. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  21. ^ Valof, Joseph. "Anatomy of A Government Team Agreement". nanosft.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  22. ^ Arming New Platforms Will Push Up Value Of Missiles Market – Aviationweek.com, 5 January 2015
  23. ^ Robin Hughes (27 October 2021). "JSM enters series production". Janes Defence News. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022.
  24. ^ "KONGSBERG to build missile factory in Australia". www.kongsberg.com. 2024-10-04. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  25. ^ Staff, Seapower (2024-09-17). "Kongsberg to Establish Missile Factory in the U.S." Seapower. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  26. ^ "KONGSBERG to Establish Missile Factory in the US". www.kongsberg.com. 2024-10-04. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  27. ^ Tirpak, John (2024-06-05). "Air Force Buys First Lot of Norwegian Joint Strike Missiles". Air & Space Forces Magazine. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  28. ^ "To deliver Joint Strike Missiles to Australia". www.kongsberg.com. 2024-10-04. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  29. ^ Marles, Richard (2024-09-05). "Acquisition of Joint Strike Missile to boost Australia's Long-Range Strike Capability".
  30. ^ a b Valpolini, Paolo (2024-11-01). "Kongsberg secures new JSM contract from Japan". EDR Magazine. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  31. ^ "KONGSBERG awarded JSM Joint Strike Missile contract with Japan - Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace". www.kongsberg.com. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  32. ^ Dominguez, Gabriel; Takahashi, Kosuke (12 March 2019). "Kongsberg awarded contract to supply JSMs for Japanese F-35s". Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  33. ^ Takahashi, Kosuke (9 September 2020). "Japan to begin receiving Joint Strike Missiles from April 2021". Janes. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023.
  34. ^ "KONGSBERG awarded follow-on JSM contract with Japan valued 450 MNOK". www.kongsberg.com. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  35. ^ Gady, Franz-Stefan. "Japan Places Follow-on Order for Joint Strike Missiles". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  36. ^ "KONGSBERG awarded second follow-on JSM contract with Japan valued 820 MNOK". www.kongsberg.com. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  37. ^ "KONGSBERG secures new JSM contract from Japan". www.kongsberg.com. 2024-10-04. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  38. ^ "Historic Missile Contract Signed with Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace". Norwegian Defence Materiel Agency. English translation included below Norwegian section. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021.
  39. ^ "Flexibility on the Fly: Joint Strike Missile Has Abilities That Give Pilots the Upper Hand". Breaking Defense. 1 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 May 2023.
  40. ^ a b Mesch, Shelley K. (16 March 2023). "Air Force to procure 268 Joint Strike Missiles over five years". Inside Defense. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023.
  41. ^ a b Trevithick, Joseph (13 March 2023). "Hundreds of Aircraft Headed to the Boneyard in New USAF Budget". The Drive. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023.
  42. ^ Hill, John (2024-06-04). "US Air Force orders first JSM lot for F-35A fighters". Airforce Technology. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
  43. ^ "Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2025 Budget Estimates" (PDF). March 2024.
  44. ^ Pittaway, Nigel (15 December 2011). "Joint Strike Missile gains third customer". Australian Defence Magazine. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023.
  45. ^ "Italian Navy to equip F-35Bs with JSM, SPEAR 3 stand-off weapons". Default. 2024-07-16. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-01.
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